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Two new crane fly species, Tipula (Vestiplex) gongdangensissp. nov. and T. (V.) dechangensissp. nov. are described and illustrated based on materials collected in the Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, China. A key is provided to distinguish males of the new species from those of other species in the T. (V.) immota Alexander, 1935 species group which is proposed here for the first time.

Tipula (Vestiplex) scandens Edwards, 1928 and Tipula (Vestiplex) subscripta Edwards, 1928 were both briefly described based on single specimens and lacked illustration in the original literature. In the present paper, these two species are redescribed with new illustrations of additional morphological features based on type and non-type specimens.

A new crane fly species Tipula (Vestiplex) lushuiensis Men & Starkevich, sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on materials collected in Yunnan and Tibet, China. Tipula (V.) alyxis Alexander, 1963, T. (V.) guibifida Yang & Yang, 1992, T. (V.) himalayensis Brunetti, 1911, T. (V.) quasimarmoratipennis Brunetti, 1912 and T. (V.) reposita Walker, 1848 are redescribed and illustrated based on additional morphological characters. Tipula (V.) quasimarmoratipennis and T. (V.) reposita are listed as new records for the Chinese fauna. Male of T. (V.) quasimarmoratipennis and females of T. (V.) alyxis, T. (V.) guibifida and T. (V.) himalayensis are illustrated for the first time.

Key to species of the subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) from Yunnan and Tibet, China 1 Sternite nine ventrally equipped with a pair of nail-like processes................... T. (V.) lushuiensis sp. nov. ��� Sternite nine without such processes....................... 2 2 Tergite nine distally forming a saucer-shaped plate................................................................................... 4 ��� Tergite nine without saucer-shaped plate................ 3 3 Dorsal portion of tergite nine with lobes on posterior margin...................................................................... 5 ��� Dorsal portion of tergite nine without lobes on posterior margin............................................................... 7 4 Gonocoxite horn-shaped........................................................................... T. (V.) subscripta Edwards, 1928 ��� Gonocoxite triangular.............................................. 6 5 Inner gonostylus with lower beak........................... 8 ��� Inner gonostylus without lower beak............................. T. (V.) butvilai Starkevich, Saldaitis & Men, 2019 6 Inner gonostylus curved in claw shape, without lower beak........................ T. (V.) scandens Edwards, 1928 ��� Inner gonostylus curved in claw shape, with lower beak.......... T. (V.) opilionimorpha Savchenko, 1955, Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, Starkevich, Pavel, He, Li-Fan, Shi, Jian-Xiong, Shi, Mei-Ying, Zhang, Zhong-Xin, Hu, Jia-Hui, Chen, An & Zhang, Yi-Xue, 2021, Tipula (Vestiplex) from Yunnan and Tibet, China: one new species and redescriptions of five known species (Diptera: Tipulidae), pp. 341-362 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 61 (2) on page 360, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2021.020, http://zenodo.org/record/5820916, {"references":["STARKEVICH P., SALDAITIS A. & MEN Q. L. 2019: Tipula (Vestiplex) butvilai sp. nov., a new crane fly (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 869: 91 - 101."]}

A new crane fly, Tipula (Vestiplex) butvilaisp. nov., is described and illustrated based on new material collected in the Nu Jiang Valley of Yunnan Province, China. The hypopygium for the most closely related species, Tipula (Vestiplex) testata Alexander, 1935, is also illustrated. A key is provided to distinguish males of the new species from those of other species in the T. (V.) bicornigera Alexander, 1938 species group.

Two new crane fly species, Tipula (Vestiplex) gongdangensissp. nov. and T. (V.) dechangensissp. nov. are described and illustrated based on materials collected in the Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, China. A key is provided to distinguish males of the new species from those of other species in the T. (V.) immota Alexander, 1935 species group which is proposed here for the first time.

Tipula (Vestiplex) xinduqiaoensis sp. nov. (Figs 18–27) Holotype: Male, China, W. Sichuan, near Xinduqiao, elev. 3611 m, N30°04.256’, E101°25.156’, 14.vi.2015, A. Floriani & A. Saldaitis leg., genitalia slide No. PS 0415m (NRC). Paratypes: 8 males topotypic, genitalia slide No. PS 0416m, wing slide No. PS 0417m (NRC). Diagnosis. A medium-sized crane fly with brownish-gray thorax, abdomen basally yellow and apically brown, wing yellowish-brown. Antenna reaching before root of the wing if bent backward. Gonocoxite simple, unarmed. Tergite 9 with ventral blackened plates absent, only with pair of membranous lobes on ventral side. Outer gonostylus nearly parallel sided, with margin oblique. Inner gonostylus rounded, terminated in short black upper beak and lower beak surrounded by a roundly swollen area. Sternite 9 ventrally with small median tubercle; ventral lobe of A9S roughly rounded sclerite; dorsal lobe of A9S very small, reduced sclerite. Description. Adult (Fig. 18), male (N=9). General body coloration yellowish-brown. Body length 11.3–12.9 mm, wing length 15.0– 17.7 mm. Head. Yellowish-brown, vertex yellow, occiput yellowish-brown, gradually narrowed to vertex, forming median line. Rostrum yellowish-brown, nasus relatively elongate, brown dusted with gray. Antenna 12–segmented, reaching before root of the wing if bent backward. Scape brown, more than three times as long as pedicel, expanded apically. Pedicel yellow, very short. Flagellum brownish-black, flagellar segments with basal enlargement. Verticils subequal to length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpus black. Thorax. Brownish-gray. Pronotum entirely brownish-gray. Mesonotal prescutum gray pruinose with four distinct longitudinal stripes bordered by dark brown. Median pair narrowly divided by broad brown line. Thoracic dorsum nearly bare, with very scarce short and light setae only between median and lateral gray stripes. Scutum dark brown, thinly gray pruinose with two darkened spots. Scutellum and mediotergite brown, gray pruinose, former with black line medially. Pleuron dark brown, thinly dusted with gray. Leg slender, coxa brown, thinly dusted with gray, trochanter yellowish-brown, femur yellowish-brown at basal half and gradually darkened to apex, tibia brown with dark brown tip, tarsal segments dark brown. Tarsal claw simple, without tooth. Wing (Fig. 19) yellowishbrown, translucent, pterostigma slightly darker than ground color. Discal cell narrow, elongate, more than twice as long as petiole of cell m 1 , cell m 1 more than three times as long as petiole. Halter with stem yellowish, knob slightly darker than stem. Abdomen. Basal four segments yellow, gradually suffused with brown apically, with narrow lateral stripe reaching tergite 8, tergite 1 with broad median stripe. Hypopygium. Brown. Dorsal portion of tergite 9 with deep V-shaped emargination, without pale median membrane, densely covered with many long setae on lateral corners (Fig. 21). Ventral portion with pair of membranous lobes (Fig. 22). Gonocoxite simple, unarmed (Figs 20, 21, 25). Outer gonostylus nearly parallel sided, with margin oblique (Fig. 23). Inner gonostylus in the shape of rounded sclerite, terminated into short black upper beak, lower beak surrounded by roundly swollen area (Fig. 24). Dorsal surface with many sharp spines arranged on back margin and scattered in median area; swollen area basally. Adminiculum triangular in dorsal view, apex narrowed, median sclerite inconspicuous (Figs 26, 27). Sternite 9 ventrally with small median tubercle (Fig. 20). Ventral lobe of A9S in the shape of a roughly rounded sclerite provided with setae (Figs 25–27). Dorsal lobe of A9S very small, reduced (Figs 26, 27), usually covered by surrounding barely visible sclerites. Comparative material examined: T. (V.) adungensis: Holotype, male, N. E. Burma [Myanmar], Adung Valley, altitude 12000 feet, 10.VI.1931 (Capt. F. Kingdon Ward and Lord Cranbrook), BMNH (E)#246039 and paratype, female BMNH (E)#246040 pinned together; paratype, female, Adung Valley, altitude 9000 feet, 6.VI.1931 (Capt. F. Kingdon Ward and Lord Cranbrook), BMNH (E)#246041; paratype, female, Adung Valley, altitude 12000 feet, 26.VI.1931 (Capt. F. Kingdon Ward and Lord Cranbrook), BMNH (E)#246042 (BMNH); T. (V.) divisotergata: Holotype, male, China, Sichuan, Mount Omei, altitude 4500 feet, 17.VII.1929 (Franck); paratype, male, 23.VII.1929, topotypic (USNM); T. (V.) zayulensis: Holotype, male, China, S. E. Tibet, Ata Kang, altitude 8000 feet, 29.V.1933 (F. Kingdon Ward and R.J.H. Kaulback), BMNH (E)#246045; paratype, female, S. E. Tibet, Zayul, altitude 8000 feet, 6.VI.1933 (F. Kingdon Ward and R.J.H. Kaulback), BMNH (E)#246046; paratype, male, SE Tibet, Zayul, altitude 8000 feet, 3.VI.1933 (F. Kingdon Ward and R.J.H. Kaulback), BMNH (E)#246047; paratype, female, S. E. Tibet, Lepa Chu Valley, altitude 12000 feet, 6.VII.1935 (R.J.H. Kaulback), BMNH (E)#246048 (BMNH); T. (V.) verecunda: Holotype, male, Russia, Sakhalin, Toyohara [= Yuzno-Sakhalinsk], 16.VII.1922 (T. Esaki) (USNM); 3 males, Sakhalin, Kuznecevo, 19.VII.1953 (Violovich) (ZIN); 1 male, 1 female, Kunashir island, 22.VII.1988 (E. Budrys) det. S. Podenas, (MZVU); 1 male, China, Shaanxi, Qinling Mts., Hauzherza vill., elev. 1600 m, N33º52.423’, E107º48.779’, 2–3.VI.2009, Saldaitis & Floriani (NRC); T. (V.) nokonis: Holotype, male, Taiwan, Noko, altitude 9800 feet, 27.VI.1927 (S. Isiki) (USNM); T. (V.) subapterogyne: Holotype, male, Taiwan, Noko, 11.V.1919 (T. Shiraki); paratypes, 1 male, 1 female, topotypic (USNM). Biology and distribution. A total of 9 males were collected during a single cold night on 14 June, 2015 in a remote part of west China, Sichuan Province near the Xinduqiao. The new species was collected at an altitude of 3600 m in shrubby transition, dominated by willows and birches, between the mountain coniferous forest and the alpine grassland zones (Fig. 38). Discussion. T. (V.) xinduqiaoensis sp. nov. is assigned to the divisotergata group based on the unarmed gonocoxite and shape of inner gonostylus. From all other species of divisotergata species group it differs by an absence of ventral sclerotised plates in tergite 9 and an unusually small reduced A9S dorsal lobe. It is mostly similar to T. (V.) rongtoensis whose tergite 9 ventrally has only a pale rod (Alexander 1963). Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun ‘ xinduqiao ’ with Latin suffix ‘ ensis ’, referring to the type locality of the new species.

Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi, 1924, T. (V.) borthi sp. nov. (Sichuan, Qinghai and Gansu provinces, erectiloba species group), T. (V.) maoxianensis sp. nov. (Sichuan province, virgatula species group), T. (V.) xinduqiaoensis sp. nov. and T. (V.) auriculatalobata sp. nov. (Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, divisotergata species group) are described and illustrated. The newly described species can be separated using the identification keys provided for local species of the erectiloba, virgatula and divisotergata groups.

Tipula (Vestiplex) auriculatalobata sp. nov. (Figs 28���36) Holotype: Male, China, NW Yunnan, Lijiang / Zhangdian, near Tuguancun, elev. 3200 m, N27��29.700���, E 99��53.700���, 24���25.v.2012, A. Saldaitis leg., genitalia slide No. PS 0418m, wing slide No. PS 0419m (NRC). Paratype: 1 male topotypic, wing slide No. PS 0420m (NRC). Diagnosis. A medium-sized crane fly with yellowish-brown thorax, yellow base and brown tip of abdomen and yellowish-brown wing. Antenna, reaching before base of the abdomen if bent backward. Tergite 9 ventrally with a pair of large, heavily sclerotised ear-shaped lobes. Inner gonostylus in the shape of a rounded plate, terminated into dark upper beak, lower beak is surrounded by a roundly swollen area. Gonocoxite subrectangular in outline, unarmed. Sternite 9 with dorsal lobe of A9S short, finger-shaped. Description. Adult (Fig. 28), male (N=2). General body coloration yellowish-brown. Body length 13.0��� 13.2 mm, wing length 15.5���15.7 mm. Head. Yellowish-brown, vertex and occiput darker in coloration with dark brown median line. Rostrum yellow with ventral side darker, nasus yellow. Antenna 13-segmented, reaching before base of the abdomen if bent backward. Scape yellow, elongate, more than four times as long as pedicel, expanded apically. Pedicel yellow, very short. Flagellum brown, flagellar segments with basal enlargement. Verticils subequal to length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpus with basal three segments yellowish-brown, apical segment black. Thorax. Yellowish-brown. Pronotum yellowish-brown, slightly darker on ventral side. Mesonotal prescutum with three brown longitudinal stripes, median stripe very broad, expanded apically, lateral stripes elliptical, closely connected with median stripe, with many short and light setae situated between stripes. Stripes nearly cover entire prescutal dorsum. Scutum yellowish-brown with brown marking. Scutellum yellowish-brown, slightly darker medially. Postnotum entirely yellowish. Pleuron yellowish, dorsal side of anepisternum and ventral side of katepisternum suffused with brown. Leg slender, coxa and trochanter yellowish, femur brown with basal 2/5 yellowish-brown, with broad yellowish band before darkened apex, tibia and tarsal segments brown. Tarsal claw simple without tooth. Wing (Fig. 29) yellowish-brown, semitransparent, pterostigma darker than ground color. Discal cell narrow, elongate, petiole of cell m 1 subequal in length to discal cell and distinctly shorter than cell m 1 . Halter with stem yellowish, knob dark brown. Abdomen. Abdominal tergites 1���4 yellow, lateral margins narrowly suffused with brown, tergites 5���7 brown with yellow margins, sternite 1���4 entirely yellow, sternites 5���7 brown with yellow margins, abdominal segment 8 and hypopygium totally brown. Hypopygium. Brown. Tergite 9 basally confused with sternite 9 in lateral view, entirely divided into two parts in dorsal view. Dorsal portion of tergite 9 shallowly emarginated at hind margin, with long setae on slightly extended lateral corners.Ventral side of tergite 9 with pair of large, heavily sclerotised, densely dotted ear-shaped lobes (Figs 30���32). Gonocoxite broad, subrectangular in outline, unarmed (Fig. 30). Outer gonostylus nearly oval rounded apically (Figs 30, 34). Inner gonostylus in the shape of rounded plate, terminating into dark upper beak, lower beak surrounded by roundly swollen area (Fig. 33). Dorsal surface with many sharp spines arranged on back margin and scattered in median area and with swollen area at base. Adminiculum triangular in dorsal view, apex narrowed, median sclerite well developed (Figs 35, 36). Sternite 9 with ventral lobe of A9S in the shape of roughly rounded sclerite provided with setae. Dorsal lobe of A9S short, finger-shaped, apically obtuse, provided with setae (Fig. 36). Biology and distribution. A total of 2 males were collected during a single cold night on 25 May, 2012 in south-western China, Yunnan province, in a remote area in the Hengduan Shan (mountains) near Lijiang ��� Zhongdian (Fig. 39) on the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau. The new species was collected near a small river with valley meadows and dry rocky slopes surrounded by mixed forests and wetlands. The mixed forests were dominated by broad-leaved trees including oaks (Quercus dentata, Q. glauca), poplars (Populus cathayana, P. simonii), elms (Ulmus parvifolia), rhododendrons (Rhododendron brachycarpum, R. dauricum) and pines. Discussion. T. (V.) auriculatalobata sp. nov. is assigned to the divisotergata group on the basis of a combination of characters including unarmed gonocoxite, shape of inner gonostylus and the presence of well-developed dorsal lobe of appendage of sternite 9. It can be separated from all known species in this group by large heavily sclerotised ear-shaped ventral lobes of tergite 9. Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective derived from the Latin ��� auriculata ��� with ��� lobata ���, referring to the presence of ear-shaped plates on tergite 9., Published as part of Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2019, Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China, pp. 69-86 in Zootaxa 4679 (1) on pages 81-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/3470070

Tipula (Vestiplex) maoxianensis sp. nov. (Figs 9–17) Holotype: Male, China, N. Sichuan, 20 km N. Maoxian, elev. 1820 m, N31°46.310’, E103°42.898’, 20.v.2017, A. Saldaitis leg., genitalia slide No. PS 0413m (NRC). Paratypes: 3 males, topotypic, wing slide No. PS 0414m (NRC). Diagnosis. A medium-sized crane fly with brownish-gray thorax, yellowish-brown abdomen and yellowishbrown wing, spotted within translucent areas. Antenna, reaching the fifth abdominal segment if bent backward. Tergite 9 in the shape of a narrowed concave saucer, with main body light brown, medially with pale area, posterior margin of tergal saucer deeply emarginated, medially strongly sclerotized, anterior portion of tergal saucer raised into sclerotised border, medially interrupted by pale area. Gonocoxite in the shape of a large triangular plate, apex with black tooth. Inner gonostylus in the shape of a large plate, middorsal edge with blackened plate, upper beak sclerotised and rounded, lower beak sclerotised and swollen, both beaks separated by deep notch. Description. Adult (Fig. 9), male (N=4). General body coloration brownish-gray. Body length 11.5–12.5 mm, wing length 13.5–14.5 mm. Head. Brownish-gray, vertex and occiput gray pruinose, with dark brown median line. Rostrum brownishgray, nasus gray, very short. Antenna 12-segmented, reaching the fifth abdominal segment if bent backward. Scape brown, more than three times as long as pedicel, expanded apically. Pedicel brown, very short. Flagellum with first flagellomere cylindrical, entirely brown, subequal in length to second flagellomere, with subsequent flagellomeres changing to brownish-black, lighter at apex and enlarged basally, gradually shorter towards apex, basal enlargement with abundant black verticils, distinctly shorter than length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpus black. Thorax. Brownish-gray. Pronotum dark brown, gray pruinose. Mesonotal prescutum brown, gray pruinose with four darker indistinct longitudinal stripes. Median pair narrowly divided by brown line. Thoracic dorsum nearly bare, with very scarce short and light setae only between median and lateral stripes. Scutum dark brown, gray pruinose with two darkened spots. Scutellum and mediotergite brown, gray pruinose, with latter bearing black line medially. Pleuron dark brown, thinly dusted with gray. Leg slender, coxa brown, thinly dusted with gray, trochanter, femur and tibia brown with dark brown tips, tarsal segments dark brown. Tarsal claw simple without tooth. Wing (Fig. 10) yellowish-brown, wing cells marbled with darker spots: faint brown marks at origin of Rs and at stigmal area, with diffuse brown patches at distal and middle area of bm, with latter extended along Cu. Discal cell narrow, elongated, petiole of cell m 1 distinctly shorter than discal cell, cell m 1 more than three times as long as petiole. Halter with stem yellowish, knob dark brown. Abdomen. Abdominal segments 1–3 yellowish-brown, gradually darker starting from segment 4. Dorsal median stripe interrupted at caudal margins of segments. Lateral stripe narrow. Hypopygium. Yellowish-brown. Tergite 9 in the shape of narrowed concave saucer (Fig. 12). The main body of tergal saucer light brown, medially with pale area, posterior margin of tergal saucer deeply emarginated, medially strongly sclerotised; lateral angles of tergal saucer obtuse; anterior portion of tergal saucer raised into sclerotised border medially broadly interrupted by pale area. Gonocoxite in the shape of a large triangular plate, apex with black tooth (Figs 11, 14). Outer gonostylus flattened, widest at the middle with apex obtuse (Fig. 15). Inner gonostylus in the shape of large plate, middorsal edge with blackened plate, upper beak sclerotised and rounded, lower beak sclerotised and swollen, both beaks separated by deep notch (Fig. 16). Adminiculum in shape of triangular groove, broad at base and gradually narrowed to apex in dorsal view, gonapophyses short and wrinkled, adminicular rods long (Figs 13, 17). Sternite 9 with two small blackened sclerites (Fig. 13). Comparative material examined: T. (V.) aestiva: Holotype, male, China, Qinghai, south shore of Kuku-nor lake, VIII.1901 (Kozlov); paratype, female, topotypic; paratype, male, Sogon-Gomba, I-chu river, up to Yangtze river, VII.1900 (Kozlov); paratype, male, shore of Orin-nor lake, Huang-he Basin, V-VI.1901 (Kozlov) (ZIN); T. (V.) longitudinalis: 1 male, 2 females, Mongolia, Chövsgöl aimak, N von Somon Chatgal am SW Rand des Sees Chövsgöl nuur, 1650 m, Exp. Dr. Z. KASZAB, Mannheims det. 1969, 18.VII.1968 (HNHM); 15 males, 1 female, Khentii Aimag, Tsenkhermandal Soum, spring headwaters Tsenkher Gol, 29 km North of Tsenkhermandal, N47.92564, E109.16114, elev. 1589 m, 23.VII.2011 (ANSP); T. (V.) opilionimorpha: Lectotype, male, China, Qinghai, valley of river Dzagyn-gol, 1–6.VII.1900 (Kozlov); paralectotypes, 1 male, 1 female, topotypic (ZIN); T. (V.) virgatula: 3 males, Mongolia, Ubruchangaj aimak, Changaj Gebirge, 21 km O von somon Narijnteel, 2080 m, Exp. Dr. Z. KASZAB, 1964, 27.VI.1964 (HNHM); 5 females, Bajanchongor aimak, Changaj Gebirge, Ulaan colon, 18 km S vom Pass Egijn davaa, 2300 m, Exp. Dr. Z. KASZAB, 21.VI.1966 (HNHM); 13 males, Bayankhongor Aimag, Erdenesogt Soum, Shargaljuut Gol, 10 km NE of Shargaljuut Rashaan Hot Spring, jct Ugalzyn Gol, N46.35902, E101.27559, elev. 2186 m, 4.VII.2011 (ANSP). Biology and distribution. Four males were collected during a single rainy night on 20 May, 2017 in a remote part of west China, Sichuan Province near the Maoxian. The new species was collected at an altitude of 1800 meters in a valley sparsely covered by mixed forests dominated by deciduous trees and bushes (Fig. 37). Discussion. The new species is most similar to T. (V.) aestiva but differs by details of tergite 9. Tipula (V.) maoxianensis sp. nov. has tergite 9 with lateral corners rounded, while T. (V.) aestiva lateral corners obtuse and distinctly blackened. They can also be separated by antenna reaching the fifth abdominal segment in T. (V.) maoxianensis sp. nov. while antenna reach the base of the abdomen in T. (V.) aestiva. Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun ‘ maoxian ’ with Latin suffix ‘ ensis ’, referring to the type locality of the new species. Tipula ( Vestiplex ) divisotergata species group The divisotergata species group was proposed by Savchenko (1964) based on the shape of the male gonocoxite and tergite 9. A list of species belonging to the divisotergata group is revised and the following species are recognized in China: T. (V.) adungensis Alexander, 1963, T. (V.) divisotergata Alexander, 1932, T. (V.) nokonis Alexander, 1928, T. (V.) rongtoensis Alexander, 1963, T. (V.) subapterogyne Alexander, 1920, T. (V.) verecunda Alexander, 1924 and T. (V.) zayulensis Alexander, 1963. The divisotergata species group belongs to the part of T. (Vestiplex) whose males are characterized by tergite 9 divided by a pale membrane. In this part males of the divisotergata species group can be easily recognized by simple unarmed gonocoxite, inner gonostylus has lower beak with roundly swollen area and usually well-developed dorsal lobe of appendage of sternite 9. Ventral lobes of tergite 9 appear as small narrow sclerotised plates in T. (V.) verecunda, T. (V.) adungensis, T. (V.) zayulensis, as bilobed foot-shaped structures in T. (V.) divisotergata or as pale rods in T. (V.) rongtoensis (Alexander 1932, 1963).

Tipula (Vestiplex) maoxianensis sp. nov. (Figs 9���17) Holotype: Male, China, N. Sichuan, 20 km N. Maoxian, elev. 1820 m, N31��46.310���, E103��42.898���, 20.v.2017, A. Saldaitis leg., genitalia slide No. PS 0413m (NRC). Paratypes: 3 males, topotypic, wing slide No. PS 0414m (NRC). Diagnosis. A medium-sized crane fly with brownish-gray thorax, yellowish-brown abdomen and yellowishbrown wing, spotted within translucent areas. Antenna, reaching the fifth abdominal segment if bent backward. Tergite 9 in the shape of a narrowed concave saucer, with main body light brown, medially with pale area, posterior margin of tergal saucer deeply emarginated, medially strongly sclerotized, anterior portion of tergal saucer raised into sclerotised border, medially interrupted by pale area. Gonocoxite in the shape of a large triangular plate, apex with black tooth. Inner gonostylus in the shape of a large plate, middorsal edge with blackened plate, upper beak sclerotised and rounded, lower beak sclerotised and swollen, both beaks separated by deep notch. Description. Adult (Fig. 9), male (N=4). General body coloration brownish-gray. Body length 11.5���12.5 mm, wing length 13.5���14.5 mm. Head. Brownish-gray, vertex and occiput gray pruinose, with dark brown median line. Rostrum brownishgray, nasus gray, very short. Antenna 12-segmented, reaching the fifth abdominal segment if bent backward. Scape brown, more than three times as long as pedicel, expanded apically. Pedicel brown, very short. Flagellum with first flagellomere cylindrical, entirely brown, subequal in length to second flagellomere, with subsequent flagellomeres changing to brownish-black, lighter at apex and enlarged basally, gradually shorter towards apex, basal enlargement with abundant black verticils, distinctly shorter than length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpus black. Thorax. Brownish-gray. Pronotum dark brown, gray pruinose. Mesonotal prescutum brown, gray pruinose with four darker indistinct longitudinal stripes. Median pair narrowly divided by brown line. Thoracic dorsum nearly bare, with very scarce short and light setae only between median and lateral stripes. Scutum dark brown, gray pruinose with two darkened spots. Scutellum and mediotergite brown, gray pruinose, with latter bearing black line medially. Pleuron dark brown, thinly dusted with gray. Leg slender, coxa brown, thinly dusted with gray, trochanter, femur and tibia brown with dark brown tips, tarsal segments dark brown. Tarsal claw simple without tooth. Wing (Fig. 10) yellowish-brown, wing cells marbled with darker spots: faint brown marks at origin of Rs and at stigmal area, with diffuse brown patches at distal and middle area of bm, with latter extended along Cu. Discal cell narrow, elongated, petiole of cell m 1 distinctly shorter than discal cell, cell m 1 more than three times as long as petiole. Halter with stem yellowish, knob dark brown. Abdomen. Abdominal segments 1���3 yellowish-brown, gradually darker starting from segment 4. Dorsal median stripe interrupted at caudal margins of segments. Lateral stripe narrow. Hypopygium. Yellowish-brown. Tergite 9 in the shape of narrowed concave saucer (Fig. 12). The main body of tergal saucer light brown, medially with pale area, posterior margin of tergal saucer deeply emarginated, medially strongly sclerotised; lateral angles of tergal saucer obtuse; anterior portion of tergal saucer raised into sclerotised border medially broadly interrupted by pale area. Gonocoxite in the shape of a large triangular plate, apex with black tooth (Figs 11, 14). Outer gonostylus flattened, widest at the middle with apex obtuse (Fig. 15). Inner gonostylus in the shape of large plate, middorsal edge with blackened plate, upper beak sclerotised and rounded, lower beak sclerotised and swollen, both beaks separated by deep notch (Fig. 16). Adminiculum in shape of triangular groove, broad at base and gradually narrowed to apex in dorsal view, gonapophyses short and wrinkled, adminicular rods long (Figs 13, 17). Sternite 9 with two small blackened sclerites (Fig. 13). Comparative material examined: T. (V.) aestiva: Holotype, male, China, Qinghai, south shore of Kuku-nor lake, VIII.1901 (Kozlov); paratype, female, topotypic; paratype, male, Sogon-Gomba, I-chu river, up to Yangtze river, VII.1900 (Kozlov); paratype, male, shore of Orin-nor lake, Huang-he Basin, V-VI.1901 (Kozlov) (ZIN); T. (V.) longitudinalis: 1 male, 2 females, Mongolia, Ch��vsg��l aimak, N von Somon Chatgal am SW Rand des Sees Ch��vsg��l nuur, 1650 m, Exp. Dr. Z. KASZAB, Mannheims det. 1969, 18.VII.1968 (HNHM); 15 males, 1 female, Khentii Aimag, Tsenkhermandal Soum, spring headwaters Tsenkher Gol, 29 km North of Tsenkhermandal, N47.92564, E109.16114, elev. 1589 m, 23.VII.2011 (ANSP); T. (V.) opilionimorpha: Lectotype, male, China, Qinghai, valley of river Dzagyn-gol, 1���6.VII.1900 (Kozlov); paralectotypes, 1 male, 1 female, topotypic (ZIN); T. (V.) virgatula: 3 males, Mongolia, Ubruchangaj aimak, Changaj Gebirge, 21 km O von somon Narijnteel, 2080 m, Exp. Dr. Z. KASZAB, 1964, 27.VI.1964 (HNHM); 5 females, Bajanchongor aimak, Changaj Gebirge, Ulaan colon, 18 km S vom Pass Egijn davaa, 2300 m, Exp. Dr. Z. KASZAB, 21.VI.1966 (HNHM); 13 males, Bayankhongor Aimag, Erdenesogt Soum, Shargaljuut Gol, 10 km NE of Shargaljuut Rashaan Hot Spring, jct Ugalzyn Gol, N46.35902, E101.27559, elev. 2186 m, 4.VII.2011 (ANSP). Biology and distribution. Four males were collected during a single rainy night on 20 May, 2017 in a remote part of west China, Sichuan Province near the Maoxian. The new species was collected at an altitude of 1800 meters in a valley sparsely covered by mixed forests dominated by deciduous trees and bushes (Fig. 37). Discussion. The new species is most similar to T. (V.) aestiva but differs by details of tergite 9. Tipula (V.) maoxianensis sp. nov. has tergite 9 with lateral corners rounded, while T. (V.) aestiva lateral corners obtuse and distinctly blackened. They can also be separated by antenna reaching the fifth abdominal segment in T. (V.) maoxianensis sp. nov. while antenna reach the base of the abdomen in T. (V.) aestiva. Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun ��� maoxian ��� with Latin suffix ��� ensis ���, referring to the type locality of the new species. Tipula ( Vestiplex ) divisotergata species group The divisotergata species group was proposed by Savchenko (1964) based on the shape of the male gonocoxite and tergite 9. A list of species belonging to the divisotergata group is revised and the following species are recognized in China: T. (V.) adungensis Alexander, 1963, T. (V.) divisotergata Alexander, 1932, T. (V.) nokonis Alexander, 1928, T. (V.) rongtoensis Alexander, 1963, T. (V.) subapterogyne Alexander, 1920, T. (V.) verecunda Alexander, 1924 and T. (V.) zayulensis Alexander, 1963. The divisotergata species group belongs to the part of T. (Vestiplex) whose males are characterized by tergite 9 divided by a pale membrane. In this part males of the divisotergata species group can be easily recognized by simple unarmed gonocoxite, inner gonostylus has lower beak with roundly swollen area and usually well-developed dorsal lobe of appendage of sternite 9. Ventral lobes of tergite 9 appear as small narrow sclerotised plates in T. (V.) verecunda, T. (V.) adungensis, T. (V.) zayulensis, as bilobed foot-shaped structures in T. (V.) divisotergata or as pale rods in T. (V.) rongtoensis (Alexander 1932, 1963)., Published as part of Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2019, Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China, pp. 69-86 in Zootaxa 4679 (1) on pages 74-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/3470070, {"references":["Savchenko, E. N. (1964) Crane-flies (Diptera, Tipulidae), Subfam. Tipulinae, Genus Tipula L., 2. Fauna USSR, New Series, 89 (Insecta Diptera), 4, 1 - 503. [in Russian]","Alexander, C. P. (1963) Some Tipulidae from Tibet and upper Burma in the British museum (Natural History) (Diptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 14, 319 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8785","Alexander, C. P. (1932) New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). X. Philippine Journal of Science, 49, 105 - 136."]}

Tipula (Vestiplex) borthi sp. nov. (Figs 1���8) Holotype: male, China, N. Sichuan, 20 km N. Maoxian, elev. 1820 m, N31��46.310���, E103��42.898���, 20.v.2017, A. Saldaitis leg., genitalia slide No. PS 0411m (NRC). Paratypes: 7 males topotypic, wing slide No. PS0412m; 1 male, China, Qinghai, South from Xining, Laji Shan Mt., elev. 3070 m, N36��22.614���, E101��33.644���, 26���29.V.2017, A. Saldaitis leg.; 5 males, S.W. Gansu, Xiahe (Labrang), elev. 2900 m, N35��11.968���, E102��33.545���, 23.V.2017, A. Saldaitis leg. (NRC). Diagnosis. A medium-sized crane fly with brownish-gray thorax, yellowish-brown abdomen and yellowishbrown wing spotted within translucent areas. Antenna, almost reaching the end of the abdomen if bent backward. Tergite 9 in the shape of pale-yellow, rectangular saucer-shaped plate, with posterior margin blackened and microscopically roughened, broadly emarginated, medially with small incision; lateral corner obtuse; dorsomedian sclerotised area anteriorly extended into raised convex plate. Gonocoxite subtriangular. Outer gonostylus narrow, finger-shaped. Inner gonostylus in the shape of broad plate, beak extended into large rostrum with ventral and median sclerotised areas, dorsal margin with broad triangular curved tooth. Description. Adult (Fig. 1), male (N=14). General body coloration brownish-gray. Body length 9.7���11.9 mm, wing length 11.5���13.5 mm. Head. Brownish gray, vertex and occiput gray pruinose, with dark brown median line. Rostrum brownish, very thinly dusted with gray, nasus gray and relatively short. Antenna 13-segmented, almost reaching the end of the abdomen if bent backward. Scape brown, gray pruinose, three times as long as pedicel, expanded apically, pedicel brown, thinly gray pruinose, very short. Flagellum with the first flagellomere cylindrical, entirely yellowish-brown, distinctly shorter than next 7 flagellomeres. The second flagellomere bicolorous, with enlarged base dark brown and apical half brown, flagellomeres 2���4 subequal in length, with subsequent flagellomeres gradually shorter apically. Basal enlargement with abundant black verticils, distinctly shorter than length of corresponding flagellomeres. Palpus black. Thorax. Brownish-gray. Pronotum brown, gray pruinose. Mesonotal prescutum brown, gray pruinose with four darker longitudinal stripes, median pair bordered by dark brown. Interspace between median and lateral stripes gray with light and short setae. Scutum brown, gray pruinose with two darkened spots. Scutellum and mediotergite brown, gray pruinose. Pleuron brown, thinly dusted with gray. Leg slender, coxa brown, thinly dusted with gray, trochanter, femur and tibia yellowish-brown with dark brown tips, tarsal segments passing into dark brown. Tarsal claw simple without tooth. Wing (Fig. 2) yellowish-brown, wing cells marbled with darker spots: faint brown marks at arcular area, at origin of Rs and at pterostigma area, with brown clouds in middle and distal area of cell bm, later extended along CuA 2 . Discal cell narrow, elongated, petiole of cell m 1 distinctly shorter than discal cell, cell m 1 twice as long as petiole. Halter entirely yellowish-brown, thinly dusted with gray. Abdomen. Yellowish-brown, with narrow lateral stripe reaching tergite 8, sternites 1���5 entirely yellowishbrown, remaining sternites gradually darker. Hypopygium. Brown. Tergite 9 (Fig. 4) in the shape of shallowly emarginated, pale-yellow, rectangular saucer-shaped plate. Posterior margin of tergal saucer blackened and microscopically roughened, broadly emarginated, medially with small incision. Lateral corners of tergal saucer obtuse. A pair of small blackened points near lateral corners. Tergal saucer with specific dorsomedian sclerotised area, anteriorly extended into raised convex plate. Gonocoxite short, subtriangular, unarmed (Figs 3, 5). Outer gonostylus narrow, finger-shaped (Fig. 5). Inner gonostylus in the shape of broad plate, beak extended into large rostrum with ventral and median sclerotised areas, dorsal margin with broad triangular curved tooth (Fig. 7). Adminiculum in the shape of a depressed flattened plate, posterolaterally produced into obtuse projection (Fig. 8). Sternite 9 with two small blackened sclerites (Fig. 5). Comparative material examined: T. (V.) aptera: Lectotype, male, China, Qinghai, Sanka village, Den-chu river, Kam, Yangtze basin, 17.VI.1901 (Kozlov); paralectotypes, 2 males, topotypic (ZIN); T. (V.) erectiloba: Holotype, male, China, Sichuan, Mount Omei, altitude 11000 feet, 26.V.1938 (Tsen); paratypes, 12 males, topotypic (USNM); T. (V.) pauxilla: Holotype, male, China, Sichuan, Dza-chu river, Kam, Yangtze basin, IV.1901 (Kozlov); paratypes, 2 males, topotypic, V.1901 (Kozlov); paratypes, 4 males, Gorin-Chu river, Kam, Yangtze basin, V.1901 (Kozlov) (ZIN); T. (V.) setigera: Holotype, male, China, Qinghai, Amdos Highland, Ngvarsi river, Pass Namyn-gyg, altitude 3394 m, 16.V.1885 (Potanin) (ZIN). Biology and distribution. A total of 14 males were collected at the end of May 2017 in remote parts of central and west China including Sichuan, Qinghai and Gansu Provinces near the Maoxian, Xining and Xiahe. The new species was collected at altitudes ranging from 1800 to 3000 m in the following mountainous areas: dry valley of mountain river, rarely covered by mixed forest and dominated by deciduous trees and bushes (Maoxian, Sichuan) (Fig. 37); narrow and stony river, valley rarely covered by mixed bushes (Xiahe, Gansu); shrubby transition, dominated by willows and birches, between the mountain coniferous forest and the alpine grassland zones (near Xining, Qinghai). Discussion. The new species was compared to all four known species in this group based on type or non-type material, and it is mostly similar to T. (V.) pauxilla in body color, wing venation, shape of tergite 9 and inner gonostylus. T. (V.) borthi sp. nov. can be easily separated by its long antenna almost reaching the end of the abdomen (reaching half of abdomen in T. (V.) pauxilla), yellowish-brown abdomen (distinctly reddish-yellow in T. (V.) pauxilla), entirely black palpus (yellowish brown in T. (V.) pauxilla), brown pedicel (pedicel yellow in T. (V.) pauxilla), tergite 9 with obtuse lateral corner (distinctly rounded in T. (V.) pauxilla) and inner gonostylus with large rostrum (small in T. (V.) pauxilla). Etymology. The new species is named after our good friend, prominent specialist of genus Catocala (Lepidoptera) Robert Borth. Tipula ( Vestiplex ) virgatula species group The virgatula group was proposed by Savchenko (1960, 1964) with additional discussion in Dia and Theowald (1982). Males of the virgatula group are characterized by large triangular or subrectangular gonocoxite and tergite 9 with weakly modified tergal saucer. An additional feature that characterizes males of the virgatula group is the small gonapophyses (Fig. 17). Females with hypovalvae greatly reduced, tooth-shaped. The virgatula group includes the following species in China: T. (V.) aestiva Savchenko, 1960 (China), T. (V.) opilionimorpha Savchenko, 1955 (China) and T. (V.) virgatula (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia and Mongolia)., Published as part of Starkevich, Pavel, Men, Qiu-Lei & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2019, Four new crane fly species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China, pp. 69-86 in Zootaxa 4679 (1) on pages 71-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/3470070, {"references":["Savchenko, E. N. (1960) A contribution to the taxonomy of crane-flies (Diptera, Tipulidae) of the subgenus Vestiplex Bezzi of the genus Tipula L. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 47, 143 - 216 [in Russian]","Savchenko, E. N. (1964) Crane-flies (Diptera, Tipulidae), Subfam. Tipulinae, Genus Tipula L., 2. Fauna USSR, New Series, 89 (Insecta Diptera), 4, 1 - 503. [in Russian]","Dia, A. & Theowald, Br. (1982) Tipula (Vestiplex) relicta nov. spec., ein fruhpleistozanes Relikt aus Libanon (Diptera, Tipulidae). Bulletin Zoologisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 9, 21 - 24."]}

A new species of the genusTipulodinaEnderlein, 1912,TipulodinabifurcataXue & Men,sp. nov.(Guangxi, South China) is described and illustrated. A key to the known species in China is provided. The morphological description of the female internal reproductive system of the new species is provided, which represents the first description for this genus.

Tipula (Vestiplex) scandens Edwards, 1928 and Tipula (Vestiplex) subscripta Edwards, 1928 were both briefly described based on single specimens and lacked illustration in the original literature. In the present paper, these two species are redescribed with new illustrations of additional morphological features based on type and non-type specimens.

Six new species of Dolichopeza Curtis, 1825, subgenus Nesopeza Alexander, 1914, are described and illustrated: D. (N.) incisuraloides sp. nov., D. (N.) jiangjinensis sp. nov., D. (N.) lipingensis sp. nov., D. (N.) medionodosa sp. nov., D. (N.) multidentata sp. nov., and D. (N.) setilobatoides sp. nov. Dolichipeza (N.) incisuralis Alexander, 1940 is redescribed and illustrated based on additional morphological characters. The female internal reproductive systems of D. (N.) incisuraloides sp. nov. and D. (N.) multidentata sp. nov. are documented. A key is provided to separate all known species of Nesopeza from China.

A new species of the genus Tipulodina Enderlein, 1912, Tipulodinabifurcata Xue & Men, sp. nov. (Guangxi, South China) is described and illustrated. A key to the known species in China is provided. The morphological description of the female internal reproductive system of the new species is provided, which represents the first description for this genus.

Tipula (Sivatipula) multidentata Men sp. nov. (Figs. 1–13) Diagnosis. Body yellow in general; thorax yellow with three brownish-yellow stripes on prescutum; wing brownish-yellow with a light brown stigma; abdomen straw-yellow with lateral stripes brown, segments six and seven black, hypopygium straw-yellow; tergite nine emarginated at posterior margin and densely covered with small black teeth, terminated into two horn-shaped processes at lateral corner. Material examined: Type specimens 3 males. Holotype: male, China, Guizhou, Leigongshan National Natural Reserve, 26°21'N, 108°13'E, 17 May 2016, leg. Qiulei Men. Paratypes: 2 males, Guizhou, Leigongshan National Natural Reserve, 26°21'N, 108°13'E, 2 June 2015, leg. Guoxi Xue. Description. Adult, length (male): body 14.5–14.7 mm (not including antenna, n = 3); wing 18.6–19.0 mm (n = 3); antenna 18.8–20.0 mm (n = 3). Head. Straw-yellow with rostrum darker in coloration laterally. Nasus straw-yellow densely covered with black setae. Eye black. Vertex lacking of marking (Fig. 1). Antenna: 12-segmented, distinctly longer than body; scape and pedicel yellow, first flagellomere yellow, rest flagellomeres brown, each flagellomere cylindrical, subequal in length, with abundant black verticils. Head including vertex and rostrum densely covered with black setae. Palpus light brown. Thorax. Pronotum straw-yellow. Prescutum straw-yellow with three stripes slightly darker in coloration (Fig. 2). Scutum, scutellum and postnotum yellow (Fig. 2). Lateral sides of scutum and scutellum covered with black setae. Pleuron entirely bright yellow (Fig. 3). Legs very slender, coxae and trochanters yellow, femora yellow basally and gradually changed into light brown, tibiae and tarsi light brown. Halter straw-yellow. Wing pale brown, cell sc not darker than ground color, stigma light brown (Fig. 6). Sc slightly longer than R 3 in length, petiole of cell m1 subequal in length to m-m, discal cell narrow (Fig. 6). Abdomen. Segments one to five yellow with black lateral stripes and irregular median stripe, segments six and seven wholly black (Fig. 4). Hypopygium yellow (Figs. 4, 5). Tergite nine emarginated at posterior margin, terminated into a pair of horn-shaped processes at lateral corners, whole posterior margin of tergite nine densely equipped with black teeth, a pair of lobes generated from ventral-lateral portion of tergite nine which densely covered with black teeth apically (Figs. 7, 8). Sternite nine broad with a V-shaped notch medially, with many long setae on its lateral corners (Fig. 9). Outer gonostylus narrowed and curved, equipped with numerous small black teeth at apex (Figs. 7–10). Inner gonostylus expanded apically, forming two beaks at lateral sides (Figs. 7–10). Semen pump with compressor apodeme V-shaped (Fig. 11). Posterior immovable apodeme with one median arm and two broad membranous extensions at lateral sides (Fig. 12). Anterior immovable apodeme flattened, expanded and rounded in dorsal view (Figs. 12, 13). Aedeagus elongated, tubular, relatively thick, more than 1.5 times as long as semen pump (Fig. 13). Distribution. China (Guizhou). Remarks. T. (S.) multidentata sp. nov. is mostly similar to T. (S.) similis, a species from Guangxi, China, by the body colours as well as the structure of hypopygium. It can be easily distinguished from the latter by the tergite nine which is lacking of finger-shaped processes. The latter species has its tergite nine bearing two finger-shaped processes (Men et al. 2016). There is also a noticeable difference in the shape of the inner gonostylus which is expanded apically in the new species, but broadened at base in T. (S.) similis. Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective made up of the Latin ‘ multi ’ with ‘ dentata ’, referring to the dense dentations on posterior margin of tergite nine, apex of ventral-lateral lobes and outer gonostylus., Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, Tang, Li, Wu, Li-Mei, Ji, Zhi-Xin & Li, Cong-Hu, 2018, Description of two new species in long-horned crane fly subgenus Tipula (Sivatipula) (Diptera: Tipulidae) from China, pp. 195-200 in Zootaxa 4415 (1) on page 196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/1241813

Species of Tipula (Sivatipula) biprocessa sp. n. from Guangxi, China is described and illustrated as new in the subgenus Tipula (Sivatipula) Alexander, 1964. Tipula (Sivatipula) parvauricula Alexander, 1941 is redescribed and illustrated based on additional morphological characters. Semen pump of this subgenus is discussed. A key to all described species in this group is compiled.

One new species of the subgenus Eriocera Macquart, 1838, Hexatoma (Eriocera) cleopatroides Men, sp. n. (Southern China: Anhui) is described and illustrated. A key to all of 78 known species from China in the subgenus is provided, which was solely based on literatures. The new species is similar to Hexatoma (Eriocera) cleopatra Alexander, 1933, but distinguishes from the latter by the prescutum entirely black with two ill-defined gray stripes, by the legs with fore and middle femora brown in basal half, black in apical half, with hind femora brown in basal one-fourth, and by the wings with cells c and sc more yellowish brown than the ground color.

Two new species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi, 1924, Tipula (Vestiplex) leigongshanensis Men & Young, sp. n. and Tipula (Vestiplex) maoershanensis Men & Young, sp. n. are described and illustrated. Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata Savchenko, 1965 is redescribed and illustrated based on additional morphological characters. Partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of these three species are provided. Pairwise genetic distances among two new species and related species, Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata, Tipula (Vestiplex) coxitalis Alexander, 1935, and Tipula (Vestiplex) sternotuberculata Alexander, 1935 range from 0.028 to 0.091 using Kimura-2-parameter model. Diagnostic features of the sperm pump for taxonomic use are discussed.

Men, Qiu-Lei, Xue, Guo-Xi, Yang, Xue-Meng (2016): Two new species of subgenusSivatipula from China (Diptera: Tipulidae: Tipula). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (2): 805-811, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5310566, {"references":["ALEXANDER C. P. 1964: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). LIII. Philippine Journal of Science 93: 77-130.","ALEXANDER C. P. & BYERS G. W. 1981: Tipulidae. Pp. 153-190. In: McALPINE J. F., PETERSON B. V., SHEWELL G. E., TESKEY H. J., VOCKEROTH J. R. & WOOD D. M. (eds): Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 1. Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, 674 pp.","FROMMER S. I. 1963: Gross morphological studies of the reproductive system in representative North American crane flies (Diptera: Tipulidae). Kansas University Science Bulletin 44: 535-625.","OOSTERBROEK P. 2016: Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (Diptera, Tipuloidea: Pediciidae, Limoniidae, Cylindrotomidae, Tipulidae). Available from: http://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php (accessed 9 May 2016)","XUE G. X. & MEN Q. L. 2016: New species of subgenus Tipula (Sivatipula) from China, with redescription of T. (S.) parvauricula and a key to all known species of the Oriental Region (Diptera, Tipulidae, Tipula). ZooKeys 563: 33-42."]}

Tipula (Sivatipula) tongbiguanensis Men, sp. nov. (Figs 1–16) Type locality. China, Yunnan Province, Tongbiguan National Nature Reserve, 24°36′N, 97°36′E. Type material. HOLOTYPE: J, ‘ China: Yunnan Province, Yingjiang County, Tongbiguan National Nature Reserve, 10. V. 2016, Guoxi Xue coll. / HOLOTYPE [red] male, Tipula (Sivatipula) tongbiguanensis sp. nov. Men det., 2016’. PARATYPE: 1J, same data as the holotype.The paratype bears the following label: ‘ PARATYPE [yellow] male, Tipula (Sivatipula) tongbiguanensis sp. nov. Men det., 2016’. Diagnosis. General colouration yellow; antenna slightly longer than body; prescutum orange-yellow with three light brown stripes; wing pale brown with a dark brown stigma, cell sc darker than the remaining part of wing; abdomen orange with segments six and seven black; hypopygium orange, tergite nine terminating into two broad lobes in lateral angles, densely covered with black setae at apex, inner and outer gonostylus relatively small. Description. Male. Length: body 13.2–13.4 mm (not including antenna, n = 2), wing 16.0– 16.2 mm (n = 2), antenna: 14.0– 14.2 mm (n = 2). Head orange-yellow. Rostrum light brown, with a light brown nasus. Vertex unmarked (Fig. 1). Eye black. Antenna: 12-segmented, slightly longer than body; scape light yellow, expanded apically; pedicel light yellow, short; flagellomeres black, each flagellomere cylindrical, subequal in length, with abundant black verticils. Palpus light brown. Thorax with pronotum entirely orange-yellow (Fig. 2). Prescutum orange-yellow, with three light brown stripes. Scutum, scutellum and postnotum orange-yellow (Fig. 2). Pleuron entirely bright yellow (Fig. 4). Legs slender, coxae and trochanters stramineous, femora stramineous with light brown tip, tibiae and tarsi light brown. Haltere with stem yellow, knob darker in coloration. Wing transparent, pale brown, cell sc darker than ground color, stigma dark brown. Rs relatively short, slightly shorter than R3, petiole of cell m1 subequal to m-m in length, distinctly shorter than the length of discal cell (Fig. 3). Abdomen bright yellow, segments six and seven black (Fig. 7). Hypopygium orange, broad and compressed in lateral view (Figs 5, 7–8). Tergite nine shallowly emarginated at posterior margin, terminating into two broad lobes in lateral angles, densely covered with black setae at apex (Figs 6, 10). Sternite nine broader than tergite nine, median region of sternite nine protruded to a membranous extension (Figs 5, 8–9). Outer gonostylus flattened, curved, with many black setae at apex (Figs 9, 12–13). Inner gonostylus flattened, curved, apically produced into a beak in inner side, with many long hairy setae generated from outer side, the longest one longer than the length of inner gonostylus (Figs 11, 14). Semen pump with compressor apodeme V-shaped, the arms apically expanded, basally dark in coloration (Figs 15–16). Posterior immovable apodeme with one arm, distinctly longer than compressor apodeme, gradually narrowing towards apex and curved cephalad in lateral view (Fig. 15). Anterior immovable apodeme flattened (Fig. 15). Aedeagus elongate, tubular, apically acute. Differential diagnosis. We compared the new species with all known congeneric species based on published descriptions and illustrations, and found that it is most similar to the Indian species T. (S.) bhishma, by the presence of long lobes on tergite nine. It can be easily distinguished from the latter by the shape of outer gonostylus which lacks a finger-like rod and is equipped apically with black setae, as illustrated in Figures 12–13 (produced into a slender finger-like rod in inner margin and without black setae on apex in T. (S.) bhishma as described by ALEXANDER (1964: 105)). Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective derived from the Chinese spelling ‘ Tongbiguan ’ with Latin suffix ‘- ensis ’, referring to the type locality of the new species. Distribution. China (Yunnan).

Tipula (Sivatipula) tongbiguanensis Men, sp. nov. (Figs 1���16) Type locality. China, Yunnan Province, Tongbiguan National Nature Reserve, 24��36���N, 97��36���E. Type material. HOLOTYPE: J, ��� China: Yunnan Province, Yingjiang County, Tongbiguan National Nature Reserve, 10. V. 2016, Guoxi Xue coll. / HOLOTYPE [red] male, Tipula (Sivatipula) tongbiguanensis sp. nov. Men det., 2016���. PARATYPE: 1J, same data as the holotype.The paratype bears the following label: ��� PARATYPE [yellow] male, Tipula (Sivatipula) tongbiguanensis sp. nov. Men det., 2016���. Diagnosis. General colouration yellow; antenna slightly longer than body; prescutum orange-yellow with three light brown stripes; wing pale brown with a dark brown stigma, cell sc darker than the remaining part of wing; abdomen orange with segments six and seven black; hypopygium orange, tergite nine terminating into two broad lobes in lateral angles, densely covered with black setae at apex, inner and outer gonostylus relatively small. Description. Male. Length: body 13.2���13.4 mm (not including antenna, n = 2), wing 16.0��� 16.2 mm (n = 2), antenna: 14.0��� 14.2 mm (n = 2). Head orange-yellow. Rostrum light brown, with a light brown nasus. Vertex unmarked (Fig. 1). Eye black. Antenna: 12-segmented, slightly longer than body; scape light yellow, expanded apically; pedicel light yellow, short; flagellomeres black, each flagellomere cylindrical, subequal in length, with abundant black verticils. Palpus light brown. Thorax with pronotum entirely orange-yellow (Fig. 2). Prescutum orange-yellow, with three light brown stripes. Scutum, scutellum and postnotum orange-yellow (Fig. 2). Pleuron entirely bright yellow (Fig. 4). Legs slender, coxae and trochanters stramineous, femora stramineous with light brown tip, tibiae and tarsi light brown. Haltere with stem yellow, knob darker in coloration. Wing transparent, pale brown, cell sc darker than ground color, stigma dark brown. Rs relatively short, slightly shorter than R3, petiole of cell m1 subequal to m-m in length, distinctly shorter than the length of discal cell (Fig. 3). Abdomen bright yellow, segments six and seven black (Fig. 7). Hypopygium orange, broad and compressed in lateral view (Figs 5, 7���8). Tergite nine shallowly emarginated at posterior margin, terminating into two broad lobes in lateral angles, densely covered with black setae at apex (Figs 6, 10). Sternite nine broader than tergite nine, median region of sternite nine protruded to a membranous extension (Figs 5, 8���9). Outer gonostylus flattened, curved, with many black setae at apex (Figs 9, 12���13). Inner gonostylus flattened, curved, apically produced into a beak in inner side, with many long hairy setae generated from outer side, the longest one longer than the length of inner gonostylus (Figs 11, 14). Semen pump with compressor apodeme V-shaped, the arms apically expanded, basally dark in coloration (Figs 15���16). Posterior immovable apodeme with one arm, distinctly longer than compressor apodeme, gradually narrowing towards apex and curved cephalad in lateral view (Fig. 15). Anterior immovable apodeme flattened (Fig. 15). Aedeagus elongate, tubular, apically acute. Differential diagnosis. We compared the new species with all known congeneric species based on published descriptions and illustrations, and found that it is most similar to the Indian species T. (S.) bhishma, by the presence of long lobes on tergite nine. It can be easily distinguished from the latter by the shape of outer gonostylus which lacks a finger-like rod and is equipped apically with black setae, as illustrated in Figures 12���13 (produced into a slender finger-like rod in inner margin and without black setae on apex in T. (S.) bhishma as described by ALEXANDER (1964: 105)). Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective derived from the Chinese spelling ��� Tongbiguan ��� with Latin suffix ���- ensis ���, referring to the type locality of the new species. Distribution. China (Yunnan)., Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, Xue, Guo-Xi & Yang, Xue-Meng, 2016, Two new species of subgenusSivatipula from China (Diptera: Tipulidae: Tipula), pp. 805-811 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (2) on pages 806-809, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5310566, {"references":["ALEXANDER C. P. 1964: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). LIII. Philippine Journal of Science 93: 77 - 130."]}

Tipula (Sivatipula) similis Men, sp. nov. (Figs 17���28) Type locality. China, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Dayaoshan National Nature Reserve, Lianhuashan Mountain, 24��09���N, 110��07���E. Type material. HOLOTYPE: J, ��� China: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Jinxiu County, Dayaoshan National Nature Reserve, Lianhuashan Mountain, 14. V. 2016, Guoxi Xue coll. / HOLOTYPE [red] male, Tipula (Sivatipula) similis sp. nov. Men det., 2016���. PARATYPE: 1J, same data as the holotype except from the collector being Qiulei Men. Paratype bears the following label: ��� PARATYPE [yellow] male, Tipula (Sivatipula) similis sp. nov. Men det., 2016���. Diagnosis. General colouration orange-yellow; antenna distinctly longer than body; prescutum orange-yellow with three light brown stripes; wing pale brown with a dark brown stigma; abdomen orange with segments six and seven black; hypopygium orange, tergite nine with two finger-like processes medially, ventrolateral portions of tergite nine projected into two lobes, densely covered with black setae, outer gonostylus curved squarely. Description. Male. Length: body 17.4���17.6 mm (not including antenna, n = 2), wing 21.2���21.4 mm (n = 2), antenna 22.0��� 22.1 mm (n = 2). Head stramineous. Rostrum light brown with a light brown nasus. Vertex without marking (Fig. 17). Eye black. Antenna: 12-segmented, distinctly longer than body; scape light yellow, expanded apically; pedicel light yellow; flagellomeres light brown, subequal in length, with abundant black verticils. Palpus light brown. Thorax with pronotum entirely orange-yellow (Fig. 18). Prescutum stramineous with three light brown stripes (Fig. 18). Scutum, scutellum and postnotum orange-yellow. Pleuron entirely bright yellow with a black spot (Fig. 20). Legs slender, coxae and trochanters stramineous, femora stramineous with light brown tip, tibiae and tarsi light brown. Haltere with stem yellow, knob brown. Wing pale brown, cell sc darker than ground color, stigma dark brown. Rs relatively short, subequal to R 3 in length, petiole of cell m1 slightly longer than m-m, slightly shorter than the length of discal cell (Fig. 19). Abdomen bright yellow on basal two segments, gradually changing to light brown on following segments, segments six and seven almost entirely black (Fig. 21). Hypopygium broad, compressed in lateral view (Fig. 22). Tergite nine shallowly emarginated at posterior margin, two finger-like processes arising from the median region, apically provided with many black setae on dorsal side (Figs 23���24); lateral sides of tergite nine with numerous long hairy setae (Figs 23���24); ventrolateral portions of tergite nine projecting into two lobes, densely covered with black setae (Figs 23���24). Sternite nine broader than tergite nine, median region of sternite nine protruding into a membranous extension (Figs 22���23). Outer gonostylus narrow, flattened, apical one-third curved squarely and gradually narrowed to end, many black setae densely covered on inner side in lateral view (Figs 25���26). Inner gonostylus flattened, narrowed basally, terminating into a small, horn-shaped process (Figs 25���26). Semen pump with compressor apodeme V-shaped, the arm expanding apically (Figs 27���28). Posterior immovable apodeme with one arm, gradually narrowing towards apex and curved cephalad in lateral view, the arm deeply grooved in dorsal view (Fig. 27). Anterior immovable apodeme flattened. Aedeagus elongated, tubular, acute apically (Fig. 27). Differential diagnosis. We compared the new species with all known congeneric species, based on published descriptions and illustrations, and found that it is most similar to T. (S.) biprocessa, another species recorded from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, by the color of body and the structures of hypopygium. It can be easily distinguished from the latter by the shallowly emarginated posterior margin of tergite nine, which bears two finger-like processes covered with many black setae as illustrated in Figures 23���24 (posterior margin of tergite nine rounded, with two finger-like processes lacking black setae in T. (S.) biprocessa as figured in XUE & MEN (2016: Fig. 18)). There is also a noticeable difference in the shape of outer gonostylus, which is curved squarely on apical one-third in new species, but bent obtusely on apical two-fifths in T. (S.) biprocessa. Etymology. The specific epithet is the Latin adjective similis (- is, - e), meaning similar, emphasizing the morphological similarity of the new species and its relatives. Distribution. China (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region)., Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, Xue, Guo-Xi & Yang, Xue-Meng, 2016, Two new species of subgenusSivatipula from China (Diptera: Tipulidae: Tipula), pp. 805-811 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (2) on pages 809-810, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5310566, {"references":["XUE G. X. & MEN Q. L. 2016: New species of subgenus Tipula (Sivatipula) from China, with redescription of T. (S.) parvauricula and a key to all known species of the Oriental Region (Diptera, Tipulidae, Tipula). ZooKeys 563: 33 - 42."]}

Men, Qiu-Lei (2015): Report on crane flies of the genus Tipula (Diptera: Tipulidae: Tipulinae) from Anhui Province, China. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (2): 797-810, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5758020, {"references":["ALEXANDER C. P. 1920: New or little-known crane-flies from Japan (Tipulidae, Diptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 46: 1-26.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1921: New species of Japanese crane-flies. Part II. (Diptera, Tipulidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 9: 179-186.","ALEXANDER C. P.1924: New or little-known Tipulidae (Diptera).XXV. Palaearctic species.Annals and Magazine of Natural History 14: 457-477.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1935a: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XXIV. Philippine Journal of Science 56: 525-562.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1935b: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XXII. Philippine Journal of Science 55: 133-164.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1936: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XXVIII. Philippine Journal of Science 58: 385-426.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1937: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern China. Part I. Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise 4: 1-28.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1953: Records and descriptions of Japanese Tipulidae (Diptera). Part I. The crane-flies of Shikoku. I. Philippine Journal of Science 82: 21-75.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1961: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). L. Philippine Journal of Science 90: 397-445.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1964: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). LIII. Philippine Journal of Science 93: 77-130.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1966: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). LVI. Philippine Journal of Science 94: 235-286.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1968: New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). LXI. Philippine Journal of Science 95: 353-400.","ALEXANDER C. P. 1970: New or little-known species of Asiatic Tipulidae (Diptera). III. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 96: 307-352.","ALEXANDER C. P.1971: Undescribed species of Japanese Tipulidae (Dipters). Part IV.Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society 11: 1-13.","ALEXANDER C. P. & BYERS G. W. 1981: Tipulidae. Pp. 153-190. In: McALPINE J. F., PETERSON B. V., SHEWELL G. E., TESKEY H. J., VOCKEROTH J. R. & WOOD D. M. (eds.): Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 1. Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, 674 pp.","DUFOUR C. 1991: The identity of Tipula (Emodotipula) saginata Bergroth and T. (E.) obscuriventris Strobl, and the description of Tipula (E.) leo sp. n. from the Sierra Nevada in Spain (Diptera, Tipulidae). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 64: 81-91.","DUFOUR C. 2003: Descriptions of four new species of Tipulidae from the Alpes-Maritimes in southern France (Diptera, Tipulidae). Bulletin de la Societe Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles 126: 69-80.","FROMMER S. I. 1963: Gross morphological studies of the reproductive system in representative North American crane flies (Diptera: Tipulidae). Kansas University Science Bulletin 44: 535-625.","MEN Q. L. & YU D. P. 2015: One new species of the subgenus Hexatoma (Eriocera) Macquart (Diptera, Limoniidae) from China with a key to Chinese species. ZooKeys 477: 157-171.","OOSTERBROEK P. 2015: Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World, (Diptera, Tipuloidea: Pediciidae, Limoniidae, Cylindrotomidae, Tipulidae). Available from: nlbif.eti.uva.nl/ccw/ (accessed 3 January 2015)","RIBEIRO G. C. 2006: Homology of the gonostylus parts in crane flies, with emphasis on the families Tipulidae and Limoniidae (Diptera: Tipulomorpha). Zootaxa 1110: 47-57.","YOUNG C. W. 2014: First records of crane fly subgenus Emodotipula Alexander (Diptera: Tipulidae: Tipula) from Taiwan and Thailand, with description of new species. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 82: 231-239."]}

Libnotes (Libnotes) Westwood, 1876 Libnotes (Libnotes) Westwood, 1876. Trans. R. Ent. Soc. London, 1876: 505. Type species: Libnotes thwaitesiana Westwood, 1876, by monotypy. Key to the Chinese species of the subgenus Libnotes 1. Pleura variegated by blackened or infuscated areas............................................................................................................................. 3 Pleura without blackened or infuscated areas.......................................................................................................................................2 2. Prescutum unmarked............................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Prescutum with stripes.........................................................................................................................................................................5 3. Abdominal tergite with median stripe.................................................................................................................................................. 6 Abdominal tergite without median stripe.............................................................................................................................................7 4. Abdomen orange-yellow, the lateral line narrowly infused; hypopygium dark brown (Alexander, 1923: 468).................................................................................................................................................................. L. (L.) subopaca Alexander, 1923 (China: Taiwan) Abdomen entirely light yellow; hypopygium entirely light yellow (Alexander, 1934: 41)............................................................................................................................................................................................ L. (L.) basistrigata (Alexander, 1934) (China: Fujian) 5. Prescutum with one median stripe (Alexander, 1930: 61)........................... L. (L.) recurvinervis (Alexander, 1930) (China: Sichuan) Prescutum with at least two stripes......................................................................................................................................................8 6. Prescutum with four reddish-brown stripes; femora with tip yellow (Alexander, 1949: 529)................................................................................................................................................................................................ L. (L.) apitata (Alexander, 1949) (China: Fujian) Prescutum without stripe; femora with tip darkened (Alexander, 1921: 180)......................................................................................................................................................................................... L. (L.) longistigma Alexander, 1921 (China: Taiwan; Japan, Russia) 7. Antennae uniformly colored................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Antennae with scape black, flagellum light brown or brown............................................................................................................. 10 8. Antennae black throughout; abdomen brownish-black throughout (Alexander, 1934: 42)................................................................................................................................................................................................ L. (L.) griseola (Alexander, 1934) (China: Taiwan) Antennae brown throughout; abdomen festucine-yellow with tergites narrowly pale in lateral margins (Fig. 5)............................................................................................................................................................................................... L. (L.) pseudonohirai sp. nov. 9. Femora with subterminal ring............................................................................................................................................................ 11 Femora without subterminal ring (Alexander, 1936: 123)........................ L. (L.) quinquecostata (Alexander, 1936) (China: Hainan) 10. Femora with subterminal ring............................................................................................................................................................12 Femora without subterminal ring (Fig. 1)...................................................................................................... L. (L.) wanensis sp. nov. 11. Pleura with a black dot beneath the root of the wing; prescutum without stripe (Edwards, 1916: 355).................................................................................................................................................................... L. (L.) limpid Edwards, 1916 (China: Taiwan; Malaysia) Pleura without black dot; prescutum with a pair of stripes (Alexander, 1935: 141)................................................................................................................................................................................................. L. (L.) comissabunda (Alexander, 1935) (China: Taiwan) 12. Pleura with one narrow brownish-black stripe (Alexander, 1943: 175).......... L. (L.) sappho (Alexander, 1943) (China: Guangdong) Pleura with two narrow dark brown stripes (Alexander, 1949: 530)..................... L. (L.) tszi (Alexander, 1949) (China: Guangdong), Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, 2015, Two new species of the genus Libnotes Westwood (Diptera: Limoniidae) from China, with a key to Chinese species, pp. 79-85 in Zoological Systematics 40 (1) on page 80, DOI: 10.11865/zs.20150108, http://zenodo.org/record/4616899, {"references":["Westwood, J. O. 1876. Notae Dipterologicae. No. 2. Descriptions of some new exotic species of Tipulidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1 876: 501 - 506.","Alexander, C. P. 1923. Undescribed crane flies from Formosa and Luzon (Tipulidae, Diptera). Philippine Journal of Science, 22: 467 - 481.","Alexander, C. P. 1934. New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XXI. Philippine Journal of Science, 55: 19 - 60.","Alexander, C. P. 1930. New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). VI. Philippine Journal of Science, 42: 59 - 83.","Alexander, C. P. 1949. New or little-known Tipulidae (Diptera). LXXXV. Oriental-Australasian species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2 (12): 512 - 538.","Alexander, C. P. 1921. New species of Japanese crane-flies. Part II. (Diptera, Tipulidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 9: 179 - 186.","Alexander, C. P. 1936. New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XXXII. Philippine Journal of Science, 61: 113 - 149.","Alexander, C. P. 1935. New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). XXII. Philippine Journal of Science, 55: 133 - 164.","Alexander, C. P. 1943. New or little-known species of exotic Tipulidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 12 (B): 173 - 180."]}

Libnotes (Libnotes) wanensis sp. nov. (Figs 1���4) Length. Body, male 9.8���10.0 mm (n= 2). Wing, male 16.3���16.5 mm (n= 2). Rostrum black throughout, relatively short, about equal in length to head; palpi black; eyes black; antennae with scape black and elongate, four to five times longer than pedicel, cylindrical, pedicel black and spherical, flagellum light brown with flagellomeres one to five spherical, gradually smaller, remainder of flagellomeres cylindrical. Head light brown. Pronotum light brown. Prescutum with ground color festucine-yellow, patterned with a broad median stripe, almost extending entire length of prescutum, lateral borders of median stripe with a pair of lateral stripes, black and extending to mid-length of prescutum (Fig. 2); scutal lobes light brown, with a pale stripe in middle; scutellum yellow; postnotum black. Pleura festucine-yellow, with a narrow black longitudinal stripe extending from propleura dorsad to wing-root, with a narrow black stripe on mesepisternum (Fig. 1). Halteres with stem brown, knob black. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow; femora festucine-yellow, tips black; tibiae pale yellow, tips narrowly black; tarsi pale brown (Fig. 1). Wings suffused with ground color pale yellow, a series of patterns along veins: Sc with a spot at tip, R 1 with a spot at same level of spot on Sc, with another two spots near apex, Rs with pattern at origin, R 2+3 and R 4+5 respectively with three spots along veins at apical part, M 1+2 with a stripe along vein near tip, remainder of marks illustrated as Fig. 1. Veins pale yellow, black in clouded areas (Fig. 1). Venation: Rs unusually straight and oblique, Sc ending beyond fork of Rs, R 2+3 slightly longer than R 4+5, R 2+3 parallel to R 4+5, M 1+2, M 3 and CuA 1 at apical part (Fig. 1). Abdominal segments festucine-yellow, lateral margins of tergites very narrowly pale (Fig. 1). Hypopygium ochreousyellow. Male hypopygium with ninth tergite broad, rounded at caudal margin (Fig. 4). Gonocoxite narrow, approximately as long as inner gonostylus, with ventromesal lobe slender and finger-shaped (Figs 3���4). Inner gonostylus very large, oval, a pale lobe on surface near base, tip of lobe with a wisp of long setae, rostral prolongation relatively slender, terminating into a curved spine (Figs 3���4). Outer gonostylus hook-shaped, curved at end, uniformly thick except slightly expanded base (Figs 3���4). Paramere with mesal-apical lobe slender and curved (Figs 3���4). Aedeagus relatively thick, expanded and bifid at apex (Figs 3���4). Remarks. This new species is similar to another Chinese species L. (L.) tszi (Alexander, 1949) by the presence of two stripes on pleura, and by the colorations of the antennae and abdomen. It can be easily distinguished from the latter by the femora festucine-yellow, without subterminal ring as shown in Fig. 1 (femora yellow, all with a pale brown subterminal ring that is from 3 to 4 times as broad as the yellow tip in L. (L.) tszi as described by Alexander, 1949: 531), and by the absence of band between arculus and origin of Rs as illustrated in Fig. 1 (a broad and virtually continuous subbasal brown band at near mid-distance between arculus and origin of Rs in L. (L.) tszi as described by Alexander, 1949: 531). Material examined. Holotype male, China, Anhui Province, Yuexi, Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve (elev. 900 m), 14 August 2013, coll. Qiu - Lei Men. Paratype 1 male, same data as holotype, 16 August 2013. Distribution. China (Anhui). Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun ��� wan ���, the abbreviation of Anhui Province, with Latin suffix ��� ensis ���, referring to the distribution of new species., Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, 2015, Two new species of the genus Libnotes Westwood (Diptera: Limoniidae) from China, with a key to Chinese species, pp. 79-85 in Zoological Systematics 40 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.11865/zs.20150108, http://zenodo.org/record/4616899, {"references":["Alexander, C. P. 1949. New or little-known Tipulidae (Diptera). LXXXV. Oriental-Australasian species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2 (12): 512 - 538."]}

Libnotes (Libnotes) pseudonohirai sp. nov. (Figs 5���8) Length. Body, male 10.6���10.8 mm (n= 3). Wing, male 17.3���17.5 mm (n= 3). Rostrum dark brown, slightly shorter than head; palpi black; eyes black; antennae brown throughout, scape elongate and cylindrical, pedicel spherical, flagellum with flagellomeres one to six spherical, gradually smaller, remainder of flagellomeres slender and cylindrical. Head light brown. Pronotum light brown, a little darker in middle. Prescutum with ground color festucine-yellow, patterned with two median stripes, almost extending entire length of prescutum, converging at apical part and forming a semicircle, humeral region tinged with black (Fig. 6); scutellum yellow; postnotum pale brown. Pleura festucine-yellow, unpatterned (Fig. 5). Halteres with stem brown, knob dark brown. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow; femora festucine-yellow, with a pale brown subterminal ring that is as broad as yellow tip; tibiae pale yellow, tip pale brown; tarsi pale brown (Fig. 5). Wings suffused with pale yellow, Sc with a spot at tip, R 1 with a spot at same level of spot on Sc, apically with another spot, Rs with marking at origin (Fig. 5). Fork of Rs, r-m, and forks of M tinged with dark brown (Fig. 5). Venation: Rs relatively curve, Sc ending beyond fork of Rs, R 2+3 parallel to R 4+5, M 1+2, M 3 and CuA 1 at apical part (Fig. 5). �� Zoological Systematics, 40(1): 79���85 �� Zoological Systematics, 40(1): 79���85 Abdominal segments festucine-yellow, lateral margins of tergites very narrowly pale, apparent only on more proximal segments, caudal margins of segments narrowly more yellow, middle part of tergite suffused with irregular stripe (Fig. 5). Hypopygium pale yellow. Male hypopygium with ninth tergite rounded at caudal margin (Fig. 8). Gonocoxite narrow, slightly longer than inner gonostylus, with ventromesal lobe broad and elongate, almost reaching end of aedeagus (Figs 7���8). Inner gonostylus subtriangular in ventral view, a bifurcated prominence on surface at base, upper prominence long, with a wisp of long setae at apex, lower prominence short, densely covered with strong setae, rostral prolongation relatively slender (Figs 7���8). Outer gonostylus hook-shaped, curved at end, expanded at basal one-third (Figs 7���8). Paramere with mesal-apical lobes broad, straight at inner margins (Figs 7���8). Aedeagus relatively thick, bifid at apex (Figs 7���8). Remarks. This new species is similar to a Palaearctic species L. (L.) nohirai Alexander, 1918 by the colorations of the antennae and thorax, and by the markings on wing and abdomen. It can be easily distinguished from the latter by the femora with a pale brown subterminal ring which is as broad as the yellow tip as shown in Fig. 5 (femora without subterminal ring, tip broadly black in L. (L.) nohirai as described by Alexander, 1918: 445 and illustrated at the website of CCW, Oosterbroek, 2014), by the costal and subcostal cells not bright yellow, same with ground color (costal and subcostal cells bright yellow in L. (L.) nohirai as described by Alexander, 1918: 445 and illustrated at the website of CCW, Oosterbroek, 2014), and by the gonocoxite with ventromesal lobe broad and elongate as illustrated in Figs 7���8 (relatively narrow in L. (L.) nohirai as illustrated in Podenas & Gelhaus, 2007: 66, Fig. 120. 2). Material examined. Holotype male, China, Anhui Province, Yuexi, Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve (elev. 1000 m), 14 August 2013, coll. Qiu - Lei Men. Paratypes 2 males, China, Anhui Province, Yuexi, Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve (elev. 800 m), 17 August 2013, coll. Zheng - Kui Liu. Distribution. China (Anhui). Etymology. The specific epithet bases on the name of a related species, nohirai, with Latin prefix ��� pseudo ���, referring to the morphological similarity of the new species to nohirai., Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, 2015, Two new species of the genus Libnotes Westwood (Diptera: Limoniidae) from China, with a key to Chinese species, pp. 79-85 in Zoological Systematics 40 (1) on pages 82-84, DOI: 10.11865/zs.20150108, http://zenodo.org/record/4616899, {"references":["Alexander, C. P. 1918. Records of Japanese crane-flies (Diptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 11: 443 - 449.","Oosterbroek, P. 2014. Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World, (Diptera, Tipuloidea: Pediciidae, Limoniidae, Cylindrotomidae, Tipulidae). Available from: http: // nlbif. eti. uva. nl / ccw / (accessed 14, May 2014)."]}

Men, Qiu-Lei (2015): Two new species of the genus Libnotes Westwood (Diptera: Limoniidae) from China, with a key to Chinese species. Zoological Systematics 40 (1): 79-85, DOI: 10.11865/zs.20150108, URL: http://zoobank.org/69ab58c6-207a-4f6e-8fdb-26194e705816

Nephrotoma liankangensis sp. n. and Nephrotoma pseudoliankangensis sp. n. are described from males and females collected from Henan and Yunnan provinces, China. Morphological descriptions and illustrations for the new species are provided. A key to known species from mainland China is provided. Some internal reproductive structures, including male semen pump, female vaginal apodeme and spermatheca, are described and compared. The possible usefulness of these internal reproductive structures for separating related species is analyzed. The type specimens are deposited in the animal specimen room, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anhui Province, China.

Men, Qiu-Lei, Huang, Min-Yi (2014): A new species of the genus Ctenophora Meigen (Diptera: Tipuloidea: Tipulidae) from China, with a key to the world species. Zootaxa 3841 (1): 592-600, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3841.4.8

Genus Ctenophora Meigen, 1803 Ctenophora Meigen, 1803: 263; Alexander, 1954: 264; Krivosheina, 1972: 535; Savchenko, 1979: 121; Savchenko, 1983: 306; Sudorenko, 1999: 117; Yang, 2009: 36. Type species: Ctenophora pectinicornis (Linnaeus, 1758): 585, by original designation. Flabellifera Meigen, 1800: 13. Cnemoncosis Enderlein, 1921: 219. Xiphuromorpha Savchenko, 1973: 248., Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei & Huang, Min-Yi, 2014, A new species of the genus Ctenophora Meigen (Diptera: Tipuloidea: Tipulidae) from China, with a key to the world species, pp. 592-600 in Zootaxa 3841 (1) on page 593, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3841.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/231217, {"references":["Meigen, J. W. (1803) Versuch einer neuen Gattungs Eintheilung der europaischen zweiflugeligen Insecten. Magazin fur Insektenkunde (Illiger), 2, 259 - 281.","Alexander, C. P. (1954) Records and descriptions of Japanese Tipulidae (Diptera), Parts III, IV. Philippine Journal of Science, 82, 263 - 308.","Krivosheina, N. P. (1972) Preimaginal stages of crane flies (Diptera, Tipulidae) of the Far East. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 51 (4), 534 - 546.","Savchenko, E. N. (1979) Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipulidae. Translated and revised by Br. Theowald and G. Theischinger. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 122 (5), 91 - 126.","Savchenko, E. N. (1983) Crane-flies (Fam. Tipulidae), Introduction, and beginning of systematic part. Subfam. Dolichopezinae, subfam. Tipulinae (start). Fauna USSR. Diptera, Leningrad \" Nauka \", 2 (1 - 2), 127, 1 - 585.","Sudorenko, V. S. (1999) Tipulidae. In: Ler, P. A. (Eds.), Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. VI. Diptera and Siphonaptera. Part 1. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 71 - 118.","Yang, D. (2009) The fauna of Hebei: Diptera. China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Beijing, 863 pp.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 828 pp.","Meigen, J. W. (1800) Nouvelle Classification des Mouches A Deux Ailes (Diptera L.) d'apres un plan tout nouveau. J. J. Fuchs, Paris, 40 pp.","Enderlein, G. (1921) Dipterologische Studien XVII. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 52, 219 - 232.","Savchenko, E. N. (1973) Crane-flies (Fam. Tipulidae), Subfam. Tipulinae and Flabelliferinae. Fauna USSR, Diptera, Leningrad \" Nauka \", 2 (5), 105, 1 - 282."]}

Ctenophora fumosa Men, sp. nov. (Figs 1���19) Description. Body length: male. 17.5 mm (n= 2). Wing: male. 14.4 mm (n= 2). Female unknown. Head. Rostrum reddish with yellowish-brown nasus (Figs 1, 4). Vertex yellow (Figs 1, 3, 4). Occiput with a broad black transverse band connecting the eyes behind the antennal fossae (Fig. 3). Orbit yellow. Setae on head yellow except that of occiput, which is dark brown. Antenna with scape yellow, pedicel tawny; axis of basal eight flagellomeres black on basal two thirds, tawny on distal one third, axis of flagellomere nine entirely black; all branches black (Figs 1, 3, 9). First and second segment of palpi brown, the rest segments of palpi black, setae on palpi relatively elongate and same color as the segment where they are found. Thorax. Pronotum yellow, changing to yellowish-brown laterally (Figs 3, 4). Prescutum yellow with three dark brown stripes, median one percurrent and expanded at apex, two lateral stripes rounded apically, extending to middle of prescutum (Figs 1���4). Scutum yellow with two dark brown spots on each side (Fig. 4). Scutellum tawny. Mediotergite yellow with one brown triangular spot at the middle, the point directed cephalad. Pleura yellow (Figs 1, 4). Anepisternum and katepisternum yellow, with a brown mark on the ventral border (Figs 1, 4). Setae on thorax mainly distributed on the lateral side of the prescutum and the whole surface of the katepisternum (Figs 3, 4). Coxae yellow; trochanters tawny; fore and middle femora tawny, hind femora tawny with light brown belt near apex; fore and middle tibiae tawny, darker in coloration at apex, basal half of hind tibiae tawny except for the most basal part, with a broad whitish band before the darkened apex; tarsi dark tawny (Fig. 1). Setae on coxae and trochanters long, the rest setae relatively short. Wings with a faint and light brown tinge, more yellow in cells C and Sc; stigma inconspicuous, light brown, the posterior border darker; the base of cells R 5, M 1, M 2 and M 3 tinged with a smokey mark, surrounding the distal margins of dm cell, the mark connecting with the stigma; Rs long, approximately 4.5 times as long as m-cu, m-cu curved at an obtuse angle, cell M 1 broadly sessile; veins dark brown (Figs 5, 6, 10). Halteres with stem yellow, knob weakly darkened (Fig. 4). Abdomen. General color yellow (Figs 1, 2). First tergite narrowly ringed with dark brown, extending to sternite; second and third tergite also have a dark brown ring near the posterior margin and extending to the sternite, with a dark brown stripe at middle; tergite four with a dark brown stripe at anterior margin, median stripe distinct but not extending to posterior margin; tergite five to eight with a dark brown stripe at anterior margin, without a middle stripe (Figs 1, 2, 11). Hypopygium. General color dark brown to black, deepened in coloration at the base in ventral view, densely covered with yellow or brown setae (Figs 7, 8, 12���14). The ninth tergite and ninth sternite fused forming an entire genital ring, with a pair of tergal lobes, black and strongly sclerotized, rounded apically and divided medially by a deep notch (Figs 12���14). Inner gonostylus black, very densely covered with black setae, terminating into a curved spine (Fig. 15). Outer gonostylus black, strongly sclerotized, broadened in middle and narrowed at both ends in dorsal view, fluted in ventral view, dorsally terminating into truncated end and jutting into the tergal lobes (Figs 12, 16, 17). A pair of yellowish-brown lobes arising from the apex of the basistylus, caudad directed, very densely covered with long and yellowish-brown setae; the lobes bilobed, the ventral one with a wisp of yellow hairs very long and pointed inward (Figs 12���14). Aedeagus and semen pump as shown in Figs 18, 19. Material examined. Holotype male, China: Anhui Province, Yuexi County, Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve, 1000 m, 15 Aug. 2013, coll. Qiulei Men. Paratype. China: 1 male, Anhui Province, Yuexi County, Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve, 1000 m, 16 Aug. 2013, coll. Zhengkui Liu. Distribution. China (Anhui). Remarks. This new species is similar to another Chinese species C. pselliophoroides Alexander, 1938 in the colors of antenna and thorax, and in the shape of the flagellum segments and morphological structure of hypopygium. It can be easily distinguished from the latter by the first to eighth tergite narrowly ringed with dark brown, the second to fourth tergite also with median stripesas illustrated in Fig. 11 (only the first segment narrowly ringed with blackish in C. pselliophoroides as described by Alexander, 1938: 338), the hind femora tawny with light brown belt near apex, the hind tibiae tawny with a broad whitish band as shown in Fig. 1 (hind legs reddishyellow without such patterns as described by Alexander, 1938: 338), the outer gonostylus dorsally terminating into truncated end as illustrated in Figs 12, 16, 17 (terminating into a curve spine as described by Alexander, 1938: 338). Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun derived from the Latin ��� fumos ��� with the feminine termination ���- a ���, referring to the presence of smoky mark on the wing., Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei & Huang, Min-Yi, 2014, A new species of the genus Ctenophora Meigen (Diptera: Tipuloidea: Tipulidae) from China, with a key to the world species, pp. 592-600 in Zootaxa 3841 (1) on pages 595-598, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3841.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/231217, {"references":["Alexander, C. P. (1938) Studies on the Tipulidae of China (Diptera). II. New or little-known crane-flies from southeastern China. Lingnan Science Journal, 17, 337 - 356."]}

Epora hainanensis Chou & Wang, 1985 (Figs 5, 6, 31���45) Epora hainanensis Chou & Wang, 1985: 36, figs 31 a���e; Men et al., 2010: 248���250, figs 1���15. Diagnosis. Body length: male 9.5 mm (n= 1), female 10.0 mm (n= 1). General colour pale green to yellowish green (Figs 5, 6). Vertex with apical and lateral margins yellowish brown. Eyes brown, ocelli yellow. Pronotum, mesonotum and abdomen green. Male genital segment pale green. Forewings with veins dark green. Legs green with apices of spines on tibiae and tarsi black. Vertex with ratio of basal width to median length 1.7: 1.0 (Figs 5, 31). Frons with ratio of median length to width at level of anterior margin 1.5: 1.0, lateral frontal margins subparallel except where convergent in apical 1 / 3 (Fig. 33). Pronotum wider than long medially (4.7: 1.0) (Figs 5, 31). Pronotum and mesonotum together about 2.8 times as long as vertex in midline. Male genitalia with pygofer quadrangular with dorsolateral angle produced rectangularly (Fig. 39). Anal tube stout, latero-distal margin produced with a pair of oxhorn-shaped processes (Figs 39���41). Genital styles about 2.4 times longer than maximum width; dorsally with an ear-like process near middle and a lateral, hook-shaped, caudad directed process below the ear-like process; at dorsal side with a triangular process in middle and a conical, dorsocaudad directed process at apex (Figs 37, 38). Periandrium tubular, surrounding aedeagus in middle, with dorsal margin connected with base of anal segment, with a pair of angular processes on ventral side apically (Figs 39��� 41). Aedeagus tubular, long, with six distinct processes: two of them being apical with the ventral one triangularflaky and directed caudad and the dorsal one membranously expanded at base, apparently narrowing towards apex; remaining four processes arising from apical 1 / 5 of aedeagus and cephalad directed in right lateral view (Figs 39��� 41). Material examined. China: 1 male, Diaoluoshan, Hainan Province, 26 May 2008, coll. Qiulei Men (NWAFU); 1 female, Jianfengling, Hainan Province, 6 Jun. 2007, coll. Lijun Cai (NWAFU). Distribution. China (Hainan Province). Remarks. This species is similar to E. callosa Fennah, 1978, but can be distinguished from latter by the forewings having 17���18 costal transverse veinlets and 21���22 apical cells (9 costal transverse veinlets and 17 apical cells in E. callosa) and the transverse veinlets more densely interspersed in the subapical cells (not densely interspersed in E. callosa)., Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, Feng, Ji-Nian & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2011, The planthopper genus Epora Walker (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Tropiduchidae) from China with description of one new species, pp. 32-40 in Zootaxa 2803 on page 39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.206608, {"references":["Fennah, R. G. (1978) Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) from Vietnam. Annales Zoologici (Warszawa), 34, 207 - 279."]}

Key to the species of Epora 1 Vertex with a middle sulcus............................................................................. 2 - Vertex with a middle carina.............................................................................. 5 2 Anal tube with process................................................................................. 3 - Anal tube without process............................................................................... 4 3 Anal tube with a pair of ribbon-like processes ventrobasally (Figs 25���27)......................... E. biprolata sp. nov. - Anal tube with a pair of ribbon-like processes ventrodistally (see Qin & Men, 2010: 192, Figs 7, 10, 11)................................................................................................... E. bilemisca Qin & Men 4 Female with seventh sternite medially projected caudad in a semicircular lobe (see Chou et al., 1985: 36, Fig. 31 e)...................................................................................... E. hainanensis Chou & Wang - Female seventh sternite medially projected caudad in a subangulate lobe (see Fennah, 1978: 261, Fig. 218) E. callosa Fennah 5 Body ochraceous; forewings pale ochraceous (see Distant, 1916: 51).............................. E. montana Distant - Body pale green; forewings pale green..................................................................... 6 6 Male pygofer with dorsolateral angle acutely rounded (see Fennah, 1970: 73)......................... E. subtilis Walker - Male pygofer with dorsolateral angle broadly rectangular or subrectangulately rounded.............................. 7 7 Forewings with Cu 1 forked only moderately basad of the level of union of claval veins (see Fennah, 1970: 74)................................................................................................. E. themisto Fennah - Forewings with Cu 1 forked much basad of the level of union of claval veins....................................... 8 8 Forewings with cell Sc 1 / 5 as long as vein Sc+R measured from basal cell; vertex 1.6 times broader than long in midline (see Fennah, 1970: 71)....................................................................... E. laticeps Fennah - Forewings with cell Sc about 1 / 6 as long as vein Sc+R measured from basal cell; vertex 1.2 times broader than long in midline (see Fennah, 1970: 73)................................................................... E. stenops Fennah, Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, Feng, Ji-Nian & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2011, The planthopper genus Epora Walker (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Tropiduchidae) from China with description of one new species, pp. 32-40 in Zootaxa 2803 on page 33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.206608, {"references":["Fennah, R. G. (1978) Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) from Vietnam. Annales Zoologici (Warszawa), 34, 207 - 279.","Distant, W. L. (1916) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Rhychota 6 (Homoptera: Appendix). Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 17 - 145.","Fennah, R. G. (1970) The Tropiduchidae collected by the Noona Dan Expedition in the Philippines and the Bismarck Archipelago (Insecta, Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). Steenstrupia, 1, 61 - 82."]}

Epora hainanensis Chou & Wang, 1985 (Figs 5, 6, 31–45) Epora hainanensis Chou & Wang, 1985: 36, figs 31 a–e; Men et al., 2010: 248–250, figs 1–15. Diagnosis. Body length: male 9.5 mm (n= 1), female 10.0 mm (n= 1). General colour pale green to yellowish green (Figs 5, 6). Vertex with apical and lateral margins yellowish brown. Eyes brown, ocelli yellow. Pronotum, mesonotum and abdomen green. Male genital segment pale green. Forewings with veins dark green. Legs green with apices of spines on tibiae and tarsi black. Vertex with ratio of basal width to median length 1.7: 1.0 (Figs 5, 31). Frons with ratio of median length to width at level of anterior margin 1.5: 1.0, lateral frontal margins subparallel except where convergent in apical 1 / 3 (Fig. 33). Pronotum wider than long medially (4.7: 1.0) (Figs 5, 31). Pronotum and mesonotum together about 2.8 times as long as vertex in midline. Male genitalia with pygofer quadrangular with dorsolateral angle produced rectangularly (Fig. 39). Anal tube stout, latero-distal margin produced with a pair of oxhorn-shaped processes (Figs 39–41). Genital styles about 2.4 times longer than maximum width; dorsally with an ear-like process near middle and a lateral, hook-shaped, caudad directed process below the ear-like process; at dorsal side with a triangular process in middle and a conical, dorsocaudad directed process at apex (Figs 37, 38). Periandrium tubular, surrounding aedeagus in middle, with dorsal margin connected with base of anal segment, with a pair of angular processes on ventral side apically (Figs 39– 41). Aedeagus tubular, long, with six distinct processes: two of them being apical with the ventral one triangularflaky and directed caudad and the dorsal one membranously expanded at base, apparently narrowing towards apex; remaining four processes arising from apical 1 / 5 of aedeagus and cephalad directed in right lateral view (Figs 39– 41). Material examined. China: 1 male, Diaoluoshan, Hainan Province, 26 May 2008, coll. Qiulei Men (NWAFU); 1 female, Jianfengling, Hainan Province, 6 Jun. 2007, coll. Lijun Cai (NWAFU). Distribution. China (Hainan Province). Remarks. This species is similar to E. callosa Fennah, 1978, but can be distinguished from latter by the forewings having 17–18 costal transverse veinlets and 21–22 apical cells (9 costal transverse veinlets and 17 apical cells in E. callosa) and the transverse veinlets more densely interspersed in the subapical cells (not densely interspersed in E. callosa).

Epora Walker, 1857 Epora Walker, 1857: 145. Type species: Epora subtilis Walker, 1857, by original designation. Diagnosis. Green to ochraceous tropiduchids. Head including eyes narrower than pronotum (Figs 1, 3, 5, 7, 22, 31). Vertex broader at base than long in midline, anterior margin rounded, projecting in front of eyes, disc of vertex slightly depressed with one median carina or sulcus (Figs 1, 3, 5, 7, 22, 31); frontal margins subparallel-sided and thickened, median carina distinctly ridged (Figs 8, 23, 33). Pronotum with two median carinae on disc and one or two short lateral carinae at either side between eye and tegula (Figs 7, 9, 22, 24, 31, 32). Mesonotum tricarinate, with a distinct transverse suture separating mesoscutellum, median carina straight, lateral carinae convergent anteriorly (Figs 1, 3, 5, 7, 22, 31). Hind tibia with 3 lateral and 6���7 apical spines, metabasitarsus with 5���8 spines apically. Forewings with costal cell bearing numerous transverse veinlets, Sc+R forked distad of middle of forewing, Cu 1 forked in basal quarter, membrane with two ranks of irregular transverse veinlets forming numerous subapical and apical cells (Figs 1, 3, 5, 10, 28, 34). Male pygofer bilaterally symmetrical. Genital styles symmetrical, lobeshaped, separated at base, with a hook-shaped process on lateral side (Figs 14, 30, 37). Aedeagal shaft tubular, elongate (Figs 16, 25, 39). Periandrium well developed (Figs 16, 25, 40). Remarks. Epora differs from other tropiduchid genera in the tribe Eporini in the vertex with posterior margin broadly concave; the pronotum narrow, with two contiguous median carinae and the lateral areas strongly oblique; and the forewings narrow, moderately amplified at apex, surpassing apex of the abdomen, and the costal membrane with numerous oblique, transverse veins. The species in the genus Epora was usually thought to have 2 distinct carinae on either side between eye and tegula (Fennah 1970, 1982). However, the new species described in this paper has only one lateral carina on either side (Fig. 24). Distribution. China (Guangdong and Hainan Provinces), India, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia., Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, Feng, Ji-Nian & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2011, The planthopper genus Epora Walker (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Tropiduchidae) from China with description of one new species, pp. 32-40 in Zootaxa 2803 on pages 32-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.206608, {"references":["Walker, F. (1857) Catalogue of the Homopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal and Proceeding of the Linnean Society of London, 1, 141 - 175.","Fennah, R. G. (1970) The Tropiduchidae collected by the Noona Dan Expedition in the Philippines and the Bismarck Archipelago (Insecta, Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). Steenstrupia, 1, 61 - 82.","Fennah, R. G. (1982) A tribal classification of the Tropiduchidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea), with the description of a new species on tea in Malaysia. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 72, 631 - 643."]}

Neotaxilanoides gen. n. Type species: Neotaxilanoides orientalis sp. n. Description. Medium-sized tropiduchids. Head narrower and longer than pronotum (Figs 1, 3). Vertex longer than broad at base, bent upwards at apex (Fig. 2), lateral margins ridged, parallel between eyes and slightly narrowing anteriad to rounded apex, median carina simple (Figs 1, 3). Frons widest at level of antennal sockets, median carina simple and percurrent, lateral margins concave in basal half (Figs 4, 5). Pronotum tricarinate (Figs 1, 3), with one lateral carina between eye and tegula (Figs 2, 5). Mesonotum with median and lateral carinae convergent anteriorly (Figs 1, 3). Hind tibia with 2 lateral and 5 apical spines, metabasitarsus with 5 apical spines. Forewings long and narrow, corium with granulation, costal cell without cross veins; Sc+R forking before nodal line, M forking at level of nodal line, Cu forking basad of coalescence of claval veins; nodal line even obliquely, membrane apparently declined, with numerous short longitudinal veins (Figs 1, 6). Male genitalia with pygofer and genital styles bilaterally symmetrical, dorsolateral angles of pygofer not produced (Fig. 8). Anal segment elongate, anal styles long (Figs 8, 11, 12). Genital styles fused in basal 2 / 3 in ventral aspect, in dorsal aspect projected medially in a triangular process, from basal inner side with pair of lateral processes directed latero-basad (Figs 8–10); aedeagus tubular, elongate, with two processes subapically on dorsal side (Figs 8, 11–13); periandrium asymmetrical, tubular, wrapping aedeagus in middle (Figs 8, 11–13). Etymology. The name of the new genus is derived from the genus name Neotaxilana with the suffix ‘ oides ’, which means the similarity of external appearance to Neotaxilana. The gender is feminine. Remarks. Neotaxilanoides conforms to the tribe Tambiniini based on the generic characters described by Fennah (1982), including one simple median carina on frons (Figs 4, 5), posterior margin of mesoscutellum angulate (Figs 1, 3), hind tibia with two lateral spines, forewings with nodal line even and oblique (Figs 1, 6) and the male genital styles bilaterally symmetrical and not separated at base in ventral view (Fig. 9). The new genus is similar to Neotaxilana in external appearance, but differs from the latter in the frons with lateral margins concave in basal half (Figs 4, 5) (not concave in Neotaxilana); the forewings with at least 10 longitudinal veins in membrane area and several ranks of transverse veins in apical cellular area (with 7 longitudinal veins in membrane area and only one rank of transverse veins in Neotaxilana), the claval veins joined distad of middle of the clavus (joined basad of middle of the clavus in Neotaxilana); and the genital styles ending in round flaps (ending in tapered apex in Neotaxilana). Distribution. China (Hainan Province).

Epora biprolata Men & Qin, sp. nov. (Figs 3, 4, 22���30) Description. Male. Body length 9.5-9.7 mm (n= 2). General color green to yellowish green (Figs 3, 4). Vertex with apical and lateral margins yellowish brown. Eyes brown, ocelli yellow. Pronotum, mesonotum and abdomen green. Male genital segment pale green. Forewings with veins dark green, posterior cells of clavus orange yellow. Legs green with apices of spines on tibiae and tarsi black. Head including eyes narrower than pronotum, slightly produced in front of eyes (Figs 3, 4, 22, 24). Vertex broader at base than long in midline (about 2.3: 1.0), anterior margin arched and thickened, lateral margins parallel and distinctly ridged, posterior margin concave, sharp-edged, disc of vertex slightly depressed, median sulcus single, distinct, not reaching anterior margin, anterior margin of vertex and base of frons meeting in a broad callus (Figs 4, 24). Frons longer in midline than maximum width (about 1.4: 1.0), anterior margin convex and ridged, lateral margins ridged, subparallel except where convergent terminally from antennal base, median carina thickened (Fig. 23). Compound eyes oval (Fig. 24), lateral ocelli small (Fig. 24). Clypeus distinctly ridged centrally (Fig. 23). Pronotum with anterior margin arched, posterior margin obtusely excavated; dorsal disc distinctly broader than vertex at base, lateral carinae of the disc sinuately converging cephalad, two median carinae not attaining anterior margin; with one distinct, short, lateral carina on either side between eye and tegula (Figs 3, 22, 24). Mesonotum tricarinate; median carina straight, reaching the distinct transverse suture separating the dorsal angle; lateral carinae sinuate, extending to hind margin; pronotum and mesonotum together about 4.6 times as long as vertex in midline (Figs 3, 22). Forewings semitransparent, rounded apically, widest near apex; costal cell with 14���15 short transverse veinlets; Sc+R forking at basal 3 / 5, Cu 1 forking at basal 1 / 4, claval apex beyond mid-point of forewing, claval veins meeting at basal 2 / 5 of forewing; two ranks of transverse veinlets in membrane forming numerous apical cells and subapical cells (Figs 3, 28). Hindwings hyaline (Fig. 29). Hind tibia with 3 lateral spines and 6 apical spines, metatarsomere I with 5 distal spines. Male pygofer symmetrical and quadrangular in profile (Fig. 27). Anal tube stubby, not reaching the end of aedeagus; ventro-basally with two ribbon-like processes surpassing the apex of anal segment; anal style very short (Figs 25���27). Genital styles lobe-shaped, with apical 1 / 3 strongly narrowed caudad, its dorsal margin triangularly produced dorsad at basal 1 / 4, with a hook-shaped process with acute and curved apex on dorsal edge at basal 1 / 4 (Figs 27, 30). Aedeagal shaft tubular and elongate, with two asymmetrical triangular processes at apical 1 / 3: one on dorsal side and another one on ventral side and distad of which aedeagus bent dorsad; apex membranous, with two strongly sclerotised processes distally, the right one relatively long and directed caudoventrad, the left one having a triangular process at base (Figs 25���27). Periandrium well developed, symmetrical, fused with ventral base of anal segment and surrounding aedeagal shaft from base to middle, with a flaky process on ventral side (Figs 25���27). Material examined. Holotype male, China: Jianfengling, Hainan Province, 7 Jul. 2007, coll. Lijun Cai (NWAFU). Paratype. 1 male, China: Diaoluoshan, Hainan Province, 16 Aug. 2010, coll. Chaozhong Jiang (NWAFU). Etymology. The name of the new species is derived from the Latin prefix ��� bi -��� and Latin root ��� prolatus ��� with the feminine termination - a, referring to its aedeagal shaft with two apical processes. Distribution. China (Hainan Province). Remarks. Epora biprolata sp. nov. is similar to E. bilemisca Qin & Men, 2010, but differs from the latter in the presence of the single lateral carina between eye and tegula (with two lateral carinae in E. bilemisca), the male anal segment with two ventro-basal processes (with two ventro-distal processes in E. bilemisca), the periandrium long and smooth on dorsal side (short, with processes on dorsal side in E. bilemisca), and the aedeagal shaft with two triangular processes in apical third and two long processes at apex (with two lateral flaky processes in apical third and one apical process at apex in E. bilemisca)., Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei, Feng, Ji-Nian & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2011, The planthopper genus Epora Walker (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Tropiduchidae) from China with description of one new species, pp. 32-40 in Zootaxa 2803 on page 36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.206608

Epora biprolata Men & Qin, sp. nov. (Figs 3, 4, 22–30) Description. Male. Body length 9.5-9.7 mm (n= 2). General color green to yellowish green (Figs 3, 4). Vertex with apical and lateral margins yellowish brown. Eyes brown, ocelli yellow. Pronotum, mesonotum and abdomen green. Male genital segment pale green. Forewings with veins dark green, posterior cells of clavus orange yellow. Legs green with apices of spines on tibiae and tarsi black. Head including eyes narrower than pronotum, slightly produced in front of eyes (Figs 3, 4, 22, 24). Vertex broader at base than long in midline (about 2.3: 1.0), anterior margin arched and thickened, lateral margins parallel and distinctly ridged, posterior margin concave, sharp-edged, disc of vertex slightly depressed, median sulcus single, distinct, not reaching anterior margin, anterior margin of vertex and base of frons meeting in a broad callus (Figs 4, 24). Frons longer in midline than maximum width (about 1.4: 1.0), anterior margin convex and ridged, lateral margins ridged, subparallel except where convergent terminally from antennal base, median carina thickened (Fig. 23). Compound eyes oval (Fig. 24), lateral ocelli small (Fig. 24). Clypeus distinctly ridged centrally (Fig. 23). Pronotum with anterior margin arched, posterior margin obtusely excavated; dorsal disc distinctly broader than vertex at base, lateral carinae of the disc sinuately converging cephalad, two median carinae not attaining anterior margin; with one distinct, short, lateral carina on either side between eye and tegula (Figs 3, 22, 24). Mesonotum tricarinate; median carina straight, reaching the distinct transverse suture separating the dorsal angle; lateral carinae sinuate, extending to hind margin; pronotum and mesonotum together about 4.6 times as long as vertex in midline (Figs 3, 22). Forewings semitransparent, rounded apically, widest near apex; costal cell with 14–15 short transverse veinlets; Sc+R forking at basal 3 / 5, Cu 1 forking at basal 1 / 4, claval apex beyond mid-point of forewing, claval veins meeting at basal 2 / 5 of forewing; two ranks of transverse veinlets in membrane forming numerous apical cells and subapical cells (Figs 3, 28). Hindwings hyaline (Fig. 29). Hind tibia with 3 lateral spines and 6 apical spines, metatarsomere I with 5 distal spines. Male pygofer symmetrical and quadrangular in profile (Fig. 27). Anal tube stubby, not reaching the end of aedeagus; ventro-basally with two ribbon-like processes surpassing the apex of anal segment; anal style very short (Figs 25–27). Genital styles lobe-shaped, with apical 1 / 3 strongly narrowed caudad, its dorsal margin triangularly produced dorsad at basal 1 / 4, with a hook-shaped process with acute and curved apex on dorsal edge at basal 1 / 4 (Figs 27, 30). Aedeagal shaft tubular and elongate, with two asymmetrical triangular processes at apical 1 / 3: one on dorsal side and another one on ventral side and distad of which aedeagus bent dorsad; apex membranous, with two strongly sclerotised processes distally, the right one relatively long and directed caudoventrad, the left one having a triangular process at base (Figs 25–27). Periandrium well developed, symmetrical, fused with ventral base of anal segment and surrounding aedeagal shaft from base to middle, with a flaky process on ventral side (Figs 25–27). Material examined. Holotype male, China: Jianfengling, Hainan Province, 7 Jul. 2007, coll. Lijun Cai (NWAFU). Paratype. 1 male, China: Diaoluoshan, Hainan Province, 16 Aug. 2010, coll. Chaozhong Jiang (NWAFU). Etymology. The name of the new species is derived from the Latin prefix ‘ bi -’ and Latin root ‘ prolatus ’ with the feminine termination - a, referring to its aedeagal shaft with two apical processes. Distribution. China (Hainan Province). Remarks. Epora biprolata sp. nov. is similar to E. bilemisca Qin & Men, 2010, but differs from the latter in the presence of the single lateral carina between eye and tegula (with two lateral carinae in E. bilemisca), the male anal segment with two ventro-basal processes (with two ventro-distal processes in E. bilemisca), the periandrium long and smooth on dorsal side (short, with processes on dorsal side in E. bilemisca), and the aedeagal shaft with two triangular processes in apical third and two long processes at apex (with two lateral flaky processes in apical third and one apical process at apex in E. bilemisca).

Key to the species of Epora 1 Vertex with a middle sulcus............................................................................. 2 - Vertex with a middle carina.............................................................................. 5 2 Anal tube with process................................................................................. 3 - Anal tube without process............................................................................... 4 3 Anal tube with a pair of ribbon-like processes ventrobasally (Figs 25–27)......................... E. biprolata sp. nov. - Anal tube with a pair of ribbon-like processes ventrodistally (see Qin & Men, 2010: 192, Figs 7, 10, 11)................................................................................................... E. bilemisca Qin & Men 4 Female with seventh sternite medially projected caudad in a semicircular lobe (see Chou et al., 1985: 36, Fig. 31 e)...................................................................................... E. hainanensis Chou & Wang - Female seventh sternite medially projected caudad in a subangulate lobe (see Fennah, 1978: 261, Fig. 218) E. callosa Fennah 5 Body ochraceous; forewings pale ochraceous (see Distant, 1916: 51).............................. E. montana Distant - Body pale green; forewings pale green..................................................................... 6 6 Male pygofer with dorsolateral angle acutely rounded (see Fennah, 1970: 73)......................... E. subtilis Walker - Male pygofer with dorsolateral angle broadly rectangular or subrectangulately rounded.............................. 7 7 Forewings with Cu 1 forked only moderately basad of the level of union of claval veins (see Fennah, 1970: 74)................................................................................................. E. themisto Fennah - Forewings with Cu 1 forked much basad of the level of union of claval veins....................................... 8 8 Forewings with cell Sc 1 / 5 as long as vein Sc+R measured from basal cell; vertex 1.6 times broader than long in midline (see Fennah, 1970: 71)....................................................................... E. laticeps Fennah - Forewings with cell Sc about 1 / 6 as long as vein Sc+R measured from basal cell; vertex 1.2 times broader than long in midline (see Fennah, 1970: 73)................................................................... E. stenops Fennah

Epora bilemisca Qin & Men, 2010 (Figs 1, 2, 7–21) Epora bilemisca Qin & Men, 2010: 189 –192, figs 1–15. Diagnosis. Body length: male 9.5 mm (n= 2), female 9.8 mm (n= 1). General colour light green (Figs 1, 2). Eyes brown, ocelli yellow. Pronotum, mesonotum and abdomen green. Male genital segment pale green. Legs green with apices of spines on tibiae and tarsi black. Vertex with ratio of basal width to median length 2.2: 1.0 (Figs 1, 7). Frons with ratio of median length to width at level of anterior margin 1.5: 1.0, lateral frontal margins distinctly parallel (Fig. 8). Pronotum wider than long medially (4.6: 1.0) (Figs 1, 7). Pronotum and mesonotum together about 4.0 times as long as vertex in midline. Male pygofer quadrangular, post-dorsal angle roundly produced (Fig. 12). Anal tube elongate, narrow, apex deflexed, with two slender ventral ribbon-like processes (Figs 12, 13, 16, 17). Genital styles lobed, rounded apically, about 3.1 times as long as wide, dorsally with a triangular process in apical 2 / 5 and a hook-like process on surface, directed caudad (Fig. 14). Periandrium short; dorsally connected with base of anal segment; on the dorsal surface with two broad compressed processes, inner margin concave, apices broadest, with two pairs of folded lobes subbasally (Figs 15–17). Aedeagus tubular, membranous apically, triangularly expanded, with a long and narrow dorsal process apically, directed caudodorsad; aedeagal shaft nearly half as long as aedeagus, with two lateral flaky processes in ventral view: right one bifurcated and left one sharply narrowing with pointed apex (Figs 15–17). Material examined. China: 1 male (holotype), Jianfengling, Hainan Province, 26 Jun. 2008, coll. Qiulei Men (NWAFU); 1 female (paratype), Jianfengling, Hainan Province, 21 Jul. 2009, coll. Manqiang Wang (NWAFU); 1 male (paratype), Xiaoaoshanzhuang, Guangdong Province, 22 Aug. 2010, coll. Manqiang Wang (NWAFU). Distribution. China (Hainan and Guangdong Provinces). Remarks. This species is similar to E. callosa Fennah, 1978, but differs from the latter in the vertex with ratio of basal width to median length 2.2: 1.0 (1.7: 1.0 in E. callosa), the female pregenital sternite produced caudad in an arched lobe (produced subangulately in E. callosa) and the female third valvulae having nine apical teeth (ten teeth in E. callosa).

Neotaxilanoides orientalis sp. n. (Figs 1���13) Description. Body length: Male. 6.5���7.0 mm (n= 14), female 6.6���7.2 mm (n= 3). Color. General color green to pale green. Eyes black. Vertex, pronotum, mesonotum and abdomen green. Forewings pale green with veins dark green. Genital segment pale green. Legs pale green with apices of spines on tibiae and tarsi black. Dry preserved specimen ochraceous (Figs 1, 2). Head. Head including eyes narrower than pronotum (1.0: 1.4) (Figs 1, 3). Vertex 1.3 times longer in midline than wide at base, posterior margin nearly straight, disc of vertex slightly depressed with one median carina (Figs 1, 3). Frons slightly depressed, longer in middle than maximum breadth (1.7: 1.0), lateral margins sinuate, produced laterally at the upper level of eyes and concave inwardly in apical half (Figs 4, 5). Postclypeus with median carina ridged, anteclypeus not ridged in midline (Figs 4, 5). Eyes oval (Figs 2, 5). Ocelli small, very close to eyes. Antennae short, scape cylindrical, pedicel cylindrical, slightly expanded at apex, apically covered with microsetae and wrinkled sensory plaques. Thorax. Pronotum wider than long medially (4.7: 1.0), anterior margin straight, posterior margin obtusely excavated and not ridged; disc about as broad as vertex at base, lateral carinae not converging anteriorly, extending to hind margin, median carina distinctly ridged (Figs 1, 3), with one short lateral carina on either side between eye and tegula (Figs 2, 5). Mesonotum as wide as long in middle line, tricarinate, median carina straight, reaching to transverse suture separating dorsal angle, lateral carinae sinuate, extending to hind margin; pronotum and mesonotum together 2.0 times as long as vertex in midline (Figs 1, 3). Forewings semitransparent, far beyond tip of abdomen, rounded apically, widest at apical fourth, about 2.7 times longer than maximum breadth; corium with granulation; Sc+R forked at apical 2 / 5, Cu 1 forked at basal 1 / 4, M simple, nodal line even and oblique, uniting point of claval veins distad of middle of clavus, with at least 10 short longitudinal veins in membrane, several ranks transverse veins densely interspersed and grid-shaped in apical cellar area (Figs 1, 6). Hindwings transparent. Hind tibia with 2 lateral and 5 apical spines, metabasitarsus with 5 spines apically. Male genitalia. Pygofer quadrangular, latero-caudal margin declined postero-ventrally (Fig. 8). Anal segment elongate, relatively thin in profile, anal styles long, beyond end of anal tube (Figs 8, 11, 12). Genital styles symmetrical, in lateral view apical 2 / 5 bent caudo-dorsad, in ventral aspect broad at base, narrowing apically; fused in basal 2 / 3 and near base with an angular process in middle; with a finger-like process directed latero-basad on each side; apical third produced in a rounded process along inner margin, symmetrical and contiguous (Figs 9, 10). Aedeagus distinctly surpassing apex of genital styles in lateral view, tubular, slightly sinuate, apex splitting to periandrium on left side ventrally, with two long narrow processes arising from dorsal side subapically (Figs 8, 11���13). Periandrium well developed, not symmetrical bilaterally, connected with ventral base of anal segment, surrounding aedeagal shaft in middle; subapex expanded and produced laterally in left view (Figs 8, 11���13). Material examined. Holotype male, China: Hainan Province, Jianfengling, 980 m, 8 May 2008, coll. Qiulei Men. Paratypes. China: Hainan Province: 10 males, 1 female, same data as holotype; 1 male, Jianfengling, 6 Jun. 2007, coll. Yani Duan; 2 males 2 females, Jianfengling, 6 Jun. 2007, coll. Lijun Cai. Etymology. The species is named after the type locality. Distribution. China (Hainan Province)., Published as part of Men, Qiu-Lei & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2011, Neotaxilanoides orientalis, a new genus and species of Tambiniini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae) from China, with a key to the world genera, pp. 33-39 in Zootaxa 3004 on pages 36-39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207864

One new tropiduchid genus, Neotaxilanoides gen. n., with type species Neotaxilanoides orientalis sp. n., is described and illustrated from China. The new genus is externally similar to Neotaxilana Synave 1979, but can be distinguished from the latter by the differences in the head structure, forewing venation and male genitalia. A checklist along with a revised key to the known genera in the tribe is provided.

The three Chinese species of the tropiduchid genus Epora Walker are revised, including one new species, E. biprolata sp. nov. from Hainan Province, China. Morphological description or diagnoses and illustrations for Chinese Epora and an identification key for all nine species worldwide are provided.