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The diversity of the Elampini cuckoo wasps in northeastern Brazil is reviewed. Three new species are described: Hedychrum oxente Lucena & Zanella sp. nov., Holopyga lunae Lucena sp. nov., and Muesebeckidium clemensi Lucena & Zanella sp. nov. A lectotype is designated for Holopyga piliventris Ducke, 1907 and herein illustrated. Elampus aequinoctialis Ducke, 1901 is restored as a valid species (previously synonymized with Elampus gayi Spinola, 1851) and diagnosed. Holophris huberi (Ducke, 1901) and Muesebeckidium clemensi sp. nov. represent the first records of both genera to northeastern Brazil. New records along with up-to-date distributional maps are discussed, and an identification key to the species of Holopyga from northeastern Brazil is provided. The total diversity of Elampini recorded for northeastern Brazil is now represented by the following eight species: Elampus aequinoctialis Ducke, 1901, Exallopyga guatemalensis (Cameron, 1888), Hedychrum oxente Lucena & Zanella sp. nov., Holophris huberi (Ducke, 1901), Holopyga iheringi du Buysson, 1901, H. lunae Lucena sp. nov., H. piliventris Ducke, 1907, and Muesebeckidium clemensi Lucena & Zanella sp. nov.

Muesebeckidium clemensi Lucena & Zanella sp. nov. (Fig. 18) Diagnosis (female). Muesebeckidium clemensi sp. nov. resembles M. paraense (Ducke, 1901), but is readily distinguished based on the conspicuous punctation of vertex, pronotum and scutum (nearly impunctate in M. paraense), denser and coarser punctation on metasomal terga (finely and sparsely punctate in M. paraense), and scutellum with broad and dense polygonal-shaped foveae, with three to five rounded angles (scutellum with relatively larger and evenly rounded foveae in M. paraense). Description. Holotype, female. Body length: 5.7 mm. Head. Height 0.65 × breadth; least distance between antennal rims 0.73× MOD; scape more or less cylindrical, slightly wider submedially, with a frontal longitudinal weak carina, 3.8× longer than its maximum width; F1 length 1.8× apical breadth, 1.5× longer than F2, F2 similarly longer than F3; F3–F10 subequal in size; F11 slightly longer than F10; lower medial margin of clypeus slightly concave, with conspicuous black apical band; subantennal distance about 0.6× MOD; malar space very short, 0.1× MOD; POL 2.3× OL, 0.7× OOL; inner ocular margin slightly convergent sub-basally, LID 1.3× scape length; eye height 1.9× breadth. Mesosoma. Anterior and lateral margins of pronotum bordered with strong carina; notaulus and parapsidal signum faintly marked; scutellum with groove along the anterior edge, partially interrupted in the middle; R1 2 v very short, barely visible; metatarsal claw bifid, with single, large, subapical tooth; outer surface of profemur smooth; tarsomeres without spines. Metasoma. Anterolateral corner of T1 with projected flange; T3 apical margin evenly round, slightly beveled medially. Coloration. Predominantly metallic green, with blue highlights on metasoma (depending on the kind of light it presents purple highlights as depicted in Fig. 18); base of mandible, scape, and pedicel, green; apex of clypeus, half distal mandible, flagellomeres, and tegulae, brown; wing membrane light fuscous with brown veins; distal tarsomeres and inner surface of basitarsomeres light brown; distal rim of T1–T2 dark brown, without metallic green luster; sterna and laterotergites entirely brown. Sculpture. Vertex and frons finely and sparsely punctate, becoming coarser and denser on lower frons; scapal basin densely cross-ridged, with some small marginal punctures; clypeus punctulate; scape densely punctulate; gena with sparse punctures, somewhat rugose-striate longitudinally; pronotum and most of scutum finely and sparsely punctate, with large foveae inserted only laterally; scutellum, metanotum and mesopleuron densely foveate, those of scutellum and metanotum broad, polygonal-shaped, with three to five rounded angles; metasomal terga finely and densely punctate, particularly on T2–T3; anterior declivity of T1 mostly impunctate, small punctures inserted posterolaterally. Vestiture. Head with long, dense, yellowish pale setae, particularly on vertex and frons, becoming shorter and sparser on face, along inner ocular margin and gena; scapal basin glabrous; clypeus and outer surface of mandible with relatively long, yellowish pale setae; scape with short, dense, pale setae; flagellomeres with short, suberect, pale setae; eye with sparse microtrichia among ommatidia (magnification near 100×); dorsum of mesosoma with conspicuous, relatively long, yellowish pale setae, becoming longer and denser on pronotum and scutum; posterior propodeal projection with dense, decumbent, pale setae; lateral pronotum and metapleuron-propodeum nearly glabrous, except for some sparse marginal setae; wing membrane lacking setae on half proximal portion; coxae and femora with long, dense, pale setae; meso- and metatibiae with short, dense, even, pale setae; venter of tarsomeres with dense, even, spine-like setae; dorsum of metasoma with abundant, relatively short, suberect, pale setae; laterotergites and sterna with short piligerous pilosity. Male. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype ♀. BRAZIL, Paraíba: São José do Sabugi, Serra do Brejinho, 29.iv.2001, F. C. V. Zanella / CE-UNILA HYHY 00442 (RPSP). Distribution. BRAZIL (Paraíba) (Fig. 19). Host. Unknown. Remarks. Previous to this study, the sole South American species of Muesebeckidium has been recorded only from localities with Amazon rainforest, in northern Brazil, Amapá and Pará states (Ducke 1913, 1914). This is the first record of Muesebeckidium in a habitat characterized by a seasonally dry deciduous forest in South America. The depository of the type series of M. paraense (Ducke) was listed as unknown by Kimsey & Bohart (1991). Ducke (1901) described the species based on a series of three female specimens from Pará (8, 10, and 22 July 1901). Obrecht & Huber (1993) listed a syntype hosted at the Natural History Museum Bern (not examined). We have examined another syntype deposited at the MNHN (EY 25529) and an ordinary female specimen identified by A. Ducke from Oiapoque (Amapá) (MZSP 04580). Currently, the type depository of the third syntype is unknown. Since we could not examine all available primary types, we decided not to designate lectotype for Ducke’s species. We consider that this lectotype designation should be done in the context of a future taxonomic revision of the genus. Etymology. The new species is named after Clemens Schlindwein (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais). His research on insect-plant interactions, particularly in northeastern Brazil, has led to relevant improvement in the field. Additionally, he contributed significantly to the beginning of our study of the Chrysididae from northeastern Brazil by collecting and donating several singular specimens., Published as part of Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V. & Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2022, Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on pages 229-231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7359903, {"references":["Ducke, A. (1901) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der geographischen Verbreitung der Chrysididen und Beschreibung von drei neuen Arten. III. Ueber Goldwespen von Para (Nordbrasilien). Zeitschrift fur Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 1, 353 - 361.","Ducke, A. (1913) As Chrysididas do Brazil. Catalogos da fauna Brazileira, Museu Paulista, 4, 1 - 31.","Ducke, A. (1914) Emendas ao Catalogo das Chrysididas do Brazil. Revista do Museu Paulista, 9, 229 - 230.","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991 [\" 1990 \"]) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford Science Publications, New York, New York, 652 pp.","Obrecht, E. & Huber, C. (1993) Ducke type specimens and other Brazilian insect types in the Emil A. Goeldi collection in the Natural History Museum Bern (Switzerland). An annotated catalogue. Jahrbuch des Naturhistorischen Museums Bern, 11, 163 - 184."]}

Holophris huberi (Ducke, 1901) (Fig. 10) Ellampus (!) (Ellampus) (!) huberi Ducke, 1901: 356. Holotype ♀. BRAZIL, Pará, 23.vii.1901, A. Ducke (MNHN: examined by photos). Holophris huberi; generic combination by Kimsey & Bohart (1991). Extended diagnosis (female). Body 3.9 mm. Head high 0.7× breadth, metallic green, with purple highlight on vertex; vertex polished, with some sparse, small punctures inserted among ocelli; frons foveate-striate; scapal basin smooth; gena transversely striate, with scarce, sparse, tiny punctures; frons with sparse, short, suberect, gold setae, becoming longer and denser on clypeus, below on face and base of mandible; occiput with relatively long, gold setae; vertex, gena and scapal basin glabrous; eye glabrous (magnification above 100×); F1 length 1.4× breadth, 1.6× longer than F2; scape and pedicel green; flagellomeres brown; mandible castaneous brownish, with metallic green highlight basally; malar space 1.5× MOD; subantennal distance 0.7× MOD; OOL 0.7× POL, 1.6× OL. Mesosoma mainly metallic green, with distinct purple highlight on pronotum and scutum, nearly glabrous, except for short, sparse, gold setae on propleuron, mesopleuron, metapleuron-propodeum, and legs; metapectal-propodeal complex with purplish tints on posterior declivity; pronotum, scutum and disc of scutellum polished, mostly impunctate, with only marginal foveae; anterior declivity of pronotum with row of deep pits; lateral pronotum with small, deep pit; mesopleuron and metanotum densely foveate; tarsal claw with two subsidiary teeth; legs mostly metallic green, tarsomeres light brown; tegula brown purplish; wing membrane light fuscous with brown veins. Metasoma purple greenish, with broad marginal translucent rim; terga glabrous, polished, with only sparse, tiny, marginal micropunctures on T2–T3; T3 medially notched; sterna metallic green, with relatively long, gold setae, denser on S3. Male. Same as female, except: denser striate marks on frons and gena; mesopleuron transversely striate; denser micropunctures on vertex and metasoma; purple tints on head and mesopleuron. Variation. Specimens vary from 3.7 to 4.3 mm in total body length. Material examined. Holotype ♀. BRAZIL, Pará: 23.vii.1901, A. Ducke (MNHN 25537). Amazonas: Manaus, Faz. Esteio, 10.xi.1987, M. V. B. Garcia (INPA: 1♀). Bahia: Jequié, ix.2016, R. C. L. Antunes (RPSP: 1♀). Espírito Santo: Linhares, Res. Biol. Sooretama, 19°00′11.5″S 40°07′08″W, 06.iv.2002, C. O. Azevedo & Eq. Col. (MZSP: 1♂). Minas Gerais: Barbacena, 24.x.1905, A. Ducke (MPEG: 1♀). Belo Horizonte, Campus UFMG Pampulha, 26.iii.1982, A. C. Faria (UFMG 1802833: 1♀). Pará: Óbidos, 21.xii.1906, A. Ducke (MPEG: 1♀). Same data as preceding, except: 20.xi.1907 (MZSP 04581: 1♀). Rio Grande do Sul: Viamão, Parque Estadual de Itapuã, 12.ii.2004, G. S. Franco (MCPPV: 1♀). Same data as preceding, except: 23.xi.2003 (MCPPV: 1♀). São Paulo: Luiz Antônio, Estação Ecológica de Jataí, 21°36′47.4″S 47°49′04.1″W, 16.i.2008, R. I. R. Lara (RPSP: 1♀). Same data as preceding, except: 21°35′17.6″S 47°47′29.6″W, 29.x.2008, N. W. Perioto (RPSP: 1♂ 1♀); 01.x.2008 (RPSP: 1♀); 13.ii.2008 (RPSP: 1♀); 27.ii.2008 (RPSP: 1♀). Itirapina, Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, 22°13′27.9″S 47°54′05.9″W, 20–22.xii.2016, Tavares, Porto, Lucena, Gibran & Yoshida (RPSP: 1♀ 1♂). Ribeirão Preto, 21°10′05″S 47°51′23″W, 16–30.xi.2014, D. S. Amorim (RPSP: 2♀). Same data as preceding, except: 13–30.xi.2014 (RPSP: 1♀); 13.vi.1972, M. Mazucato (RPSP: 1♂); 20.x.1972 (RPSP: 1♀). Teodoro Sampaio, 14.iv.2012, P. R. Lopes (RPSP: 1♀). Distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo) (Fig. 11). Host. Unknown. Floral records. Croton trinitatis (= Croton chamaedrifolius) (Euphorbiacea). Remarks. The depository for the type specimens of Holophris huberi (Ducke, 1901) and H. albolimbatus (Ducke, 1908) were listed as unknown by Kimsey & Bohart (1991). We have located and examined the holotype of H. huberi and one syntype of H. albolimbatus, both hosted at the MNHN. Differences between these species are subtle but consistent. According to Ducke (1908), H. huberi differs from H. albolimbatus based on its relatively larger body size and lack of golden or coppery highlights on the head and mesosoma. Furthermore, the apical margin of T3 is medially notched only in H. huberi. Between these species, H. huberi is the most widely distributed in Brazil. The sole record in northeastern Brazil is from Jequié-BA, therefore, this species probably does not occur extensively in the Caatinga biome (see comments under Elampus aequinoctialis). Ducke (1913) treated two species as junior synonymies of H. huberi: Elampus iridescens Norton, 1879 and E. minutissimus Brèthes, 1902 and cited that this species had an extensive distribution, from the Amazonian region in northern Brazil through the Cerrado savannah in Minas Gerais state, reaching the southmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande Sul, and Mendoza in Argentina. Kimsey & Bohart (1991) interpreted E. iridescens (currently Omalus iridescens) and E. minutissimus (currently Holophris minutissimus) as distinct species, but anyway acknowledged a wide geographical range for H. huberi, from Venezuela in northern South America through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. We confirmed all previous records from Ducke (1913) for localities in Brazil and added new ones (Fig. 11). Still, since there are no specific localities indicated by Ducke (1913) and Kimsey & Bohart (1991) for additional South American countries, we decided to only represent in our Figure 11 records that correspond to specimens we examined. The extended diagnosis above is based on a female from Itirapina, São Paulo state (southern Brazil)., Published as part of Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V. & Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2022, Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on pages 217-219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7359903, {"references":["Ducke, A. (1901) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der geographischen Verbreitung der Chrysididen und Beschreibung von drei neuen Arten. III. Ueber Goldwespen von Para (Nordbrasilien). Zeitschrift fur Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 1, 353 - 361.","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991 [\" 1990 \"]) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford Science Publications, New York, New York, 652 pp.","Ducke, A. (1908) Contribution a la connaissance de Hymenopteres des deux Ameriques. Revue d'Entomologie, 27, 28 - 55.","Ducke, A. (1913) As Chrysididas do Brazil. Catalogos da fauna Brazileira, Museu Paulista, 4, 1 - 31.","Norton, E. (1879 [\" 1878 \"]) On the chrysides of North America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society and Proceedings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 7, 233 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076375","Brethes, J. (1902) Contributions a l'etude des Hymenopteres de l'Amerique du Sud et specialement de la Republique Argentine: Les Chrysidides. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, 3 (1), 263 - 294."]}

Genus Elampus Spinola These wasps are represented in all biogeographic regions except Australian, with their highest diversity found in the Palearctic and Nearctic regions (e.g., Huber & Pengelly 1978, Kimsey & Bohart 1991). Some Nearctic and Palearctic species are cleptoparasites of ground-nesting Crabronidae (Huber & Pengelly 1978, Kimsey & Bohart 1991, Kimsey 2006, Evans & O’Neill 2007). There is no record of hosts for the Neotropical species. This genus is easily distinguished from other Elampini in South America based on the following combination of unique features: T3 distal margin produced medially, forming a snout-like process; female profemur ventrally keeled; metanotum produced, forming a mucronate-like sclerite; and female gena usually with a row of erect, even setae. Lucena & Gomes (2016) described a new species from northern Brazil, reviewed previously described ones, and presented a key for the species recorded in South America. In that study, Elampus aequinoctialis Ducke, 1901 was found to be a junior synonym of E. gayi Spinola, 1851, following the previous interpretation by Ducke (1911). The examination of additional material from Argentina, Brazil, and Chile revealed morphological differences between these species, as detailed below. In Brazil, this genus is currently represented by three species: E. aequinoctialis Ducke, 1901, E. macuxi Lucena, 2016 (in Lucena & Gomes 2016), and E. pulchricollis Ducke, 1911. Only E. aequinoctialis Ducke is recorded in northeastern Brazil., Published as part of Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V. & Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2022, Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on page 204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7359903, {"references":["Huber, J. T. & Pengelly, D. H. (1978 [\" 1977 \"]) A revision of the genus Elampus Spinola (Notozus of authors) (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) in America North of Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 108, 75 - 138.","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991 [\" 1990 \"]) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford Science Publications, New York, New York, 652 pp.","Kimsey, L. S. (2006) California Cuckoo Wasps in the Family Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). University of California Publications in Entomology, London, 319 pp.","Evans, H. E. & O'Neill, K. M. (2007) The Sand Wasps: Natural History and Behavior. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, 340 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.4159 / 9780674036611","Lucena, D. A. A. & Gomes, R. S. (2016) New species of Elampus Spinola, 1806 (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with a key to the Neotropical species of the genus. Zootaxa, 4117 (4), 555 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4117.4.7","Ducke, A. (1901) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der geographischen Verbreitung der Chrysididen und Beschreibung von drei neuen Arten. III. Ueber Goldwespen von Para (Nordbrasilien). Zeitschrift fur Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 1, 353 - 361.","Spinola, M. (1851) Insectos. Orden 7. Himenopteros. Crisiditas. XI. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Zoologia. Maulde, Renon, Paris, pp. 404 - 413.","Ducke, A. (1911 [\" 1909 \"]) Terzo supplemento alla revisione dei crisididi dello stato brasiliano del Para. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 41, 89 - 115."]}

Muesebeckidium clemensi Lucena & Zanella sp. nov. (Fig. 18) Diagnosis (female). Muesebeckidium clemensi sp. nov. resembles M. paraense (Ducke, 1901), but is readily distinguished based on the conspicuous punctation of vertex, pronotum and scutum (nearly impunctate in M. paraense), denser and coarser punctation on metasomal terga (finely and sparsely punctate in M. paraense), and scutellum with broad and dense polygonal-shaped foveae, with three to five rounded angles (scutellum with relatively larger and evenly rounded foveae in M. paraense). Description. Holotype, female. Body length: 5.7 mm. Head. Height 0.65 × breadth; least distance between antennal rims 0.73× MOD; scape more or less cylindrical, slightly wider submedially, with a frontal longitudinal weak carina, 3.8× longer than its maximum width; F1 length 1.8× apical breadth, 1.5× longer than F2, F2 similarly longer than F3; F3–F10 subequal in size; F11 slightly longer than F10; lower medial margin of clypeus slightly concave, with conspicuous black apical band; subantennal distance about 0.6× MOD; malar space very short, 0.1× MOD; POL 2.3× OL, 0.7× OOL; inner ocular margin slightly convergent sub-basally, LID 1.3× scape length; eye height 1.9× breadth. Mesosoma. Anterior and lateral margins of pronotum bordered with strong carina; notaulus and parapsidal signum faintly marked; scutellum with groove along the anterior edge, partially interrupted in the middle; R1 2 v very short, barely visible; metatarsal claw bifid, with single, large, subapical tooth; outer surface of profemur smooth; tarsomeres without spines. Metasoma. Anterolateral corner of T1 with projected flange; T3 apical margin evenly round, slightly beveled medially. Coloration. Predominantly metallic green, with blue highlights on metasoma (depending on the kind of light it presents purple highlights as depicted in Fig. 18); base of mandible, scape, and pedicel, green; apex of clypeus, half distal mandible, flagellomeres, and tegulae, brown; wing membrane light fuscous with brown veins; distal tarsomeres and inner surface of basitarsomeres light brown; distal rim of T1–T2 dark brown, without metallic green luster; sterna and laterotergites entirely brown. Sculpture. Vertex and frons finely and sparsely punctate, becoming coarser and denser on lower frons; scapal basin densely cross-ridged, with some small marginal punctures; clypeus punctulate; scape densely punctulate; gena with sparse punctures, somewhat rugose-striate longitudinally; pronotum and most of scutum finely and sparsely punctate, with large foveae inserted only laterally; scutellum, metanotum and mesopleuron densely foveate, those of scutellum and metanotum broad, polygonal-shaped, with three to five rounded angles; metasomal terga finely and densely punctate, particularly on T2–T3; anterior declivity of T1 mostly impunctate, small punctures inserted posterolaterally. Vestiture. Head with long, dense, yellowish pale setae, particularly on vertex and frons, becoming shorter and sparser on face, along inner ocular margin and gena; scapal basin glabrous; clypeus and outer surface of mandible with relatively long, yellowish pale setae; scape with short, dense, pale setae; flagellomeres with short, suberect, pale setae; eye with sparse microtrichia among ommatidia (magnification near 100×); dorsum of mesosoma with conspicuous, relatively long, yellowish pale setae, becoming longer and denser on pronotum and scutum; posterior propodeal projection with dense, decumbent, pale setae; lateral pronotum and metapleuron-propodeum nearly glabrous, except for some sparse marginal setae; wing membrane lacking setae on half proximal portion; coxae and femora with long, dense, pale setae; meso- and metatibiae with short, dense, even, pale setae; venter of tarsomeres with dense, even, spine-like setae; dorsum of metasoma with abundant, relatively short, suberect, pale setae; laterotergites and sterna with short piligerous pilosity. Male. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype ♀. BRAZIL, Paraíba: São José do Sabugi, Serra do Brejinho, 29.iv.2001, F. C. V. Zanella / CE-UNILA HYHY 00442 (RPSP). Distribution. BRAZIL (Paraíba) (Fig. 19). Host. Unknown. Remarks. Previous to this study, the sole South American species of Muesebeckidium has been recorded only from localities with Amazon rainforest, in northern Brazil, Amapá and Pará states (Ducke 1913, 1914). This is the first record of Muesebeckidium in a habitat characterized by a seasonally dry deciduous forest in South America. The depository of the type series of M. paraense (Ducke) was listed as unknown by Kimsey & Bohart (1991). Ducke (1901) described the species based on a series of three female specimens from Pará (8, 10, and 22 July 1901). Obrecht & Huber (1993) listed a syntype hosted at the Natural History Museum Bern (not examined). We have examined another syntype deposited at the MNHN (EY 25529) and an ordinary female specimen identified by A. Ducke from Oiapoque (Amapá) (MZSP 04580). Currently, the type depository of the third syntype is unknown. Since we could not examine all available primary types, we decided not to designate lectotype for Ducke’s species. We consider that this lectotype designation should be done in the context of a future taxonomic revision of the genus. Etymology. The new species is named after Clemens Schlindwein (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais). His research on insect-plant interactions, particularly in northeastern Brazil, has led to relevant improvement in the field. Additionally, he contributed significantly to the beginning of our study of the Chrysididae from northeastern Brazil by collecting and donating several singular specimens.

Elampus gayi Spinola, 1851 (Figs 2E–H) Elampus gayi Spinola 1851: 413. Lectotype ♀, designated by Rosa & Xu 2015: 50. CHILE, De Santa Rosa y de la Ligua, D. Gay (MRSN: examined by photos). Elampus gayi Spinola; Dahlbom 1845: 47; Huber & Pengelly 1978: 93; 1980: 49; Bohart & Kimsey 1991: 168; Rosa & Xu 2015: 50; Lucena & Gomes 2016: 556. Ellampus (!) (Notozus) gayi; Mocsáry 1889: 79; Ducke 1913: 13. Diagnosis. This species closely resembles E. aequinoctialis (Ducke). Elampus gayi is comparatively longer than E. aequinoctialis (4.4 mm in the former vs. 3.6 mm in the latter), and has denser sculpturing on vertex, pronotum, scutum, and disc of T2–T3 (Fig. 2E–H). Material examined. Lectotype ♀. CHILE: De Santa Rosa y de la Ligua, D. Gay (MRSN). Paralectotype female, CHILE, Gay (MNHN). ARGENTINA, Catamarca: Santa María, i.1983, Peña (AMNH: 1♀). La Pampa: General Pico, 07.xii.1940, Parker H. L. (USNM: 2♀). Mendoza: Santa Rosa, 1908, Jensen A. C. (MNHN: 1♀). San Juan: Zonda, 28.xi.1993, Michelette E. R. F. (RPSP: 1♂). Same data as preceding, except: 17.xi.1993 (RPSP: 2♂); 20.i.1994 (RPSP: 1♀); 06.ii.1994 (RPSP: 8♂). Río Negro: Lamarque, Fritz P. (AMNH: 1♀ 1♂). Luis Beltrán, xi.1991, Fritz P. (AMNH: 1♂). Choele Choel, xi.1991, Fritz P. (AMNH: 5♂). CHILE, Biobío: Concepción, 13.xii.1908, Herbst P. (AMNH: 2♂). Coquimbo: La Higuera, Llanos de Los Choros, 15.x.1971, Rozen & Peña (AMNH: 2♀ 1♂). Maule: Curicó, Río Teno, 25–28.xi.1981, Luis & Peña (AMNH: 1♂). Santiago: Tiltil, Cuesta la Dormida, 01.xi.1969, Rozen & Peña (AMNH: 1♀). Distribution. Argentina (Catamarca, La Pampa, Mendoza, San Juan, Río Negro); Chile (Biobío, Coquimbo, Maule, Valparaiso, Santiago) (Fig. 3). See comments under E. aequinoctialis. Host. Unknown. Taxonomic notes and key to species of Elampus. The genus Elampus is now represented in South America by four valid species: E. aequinoctialis Ducke, E. gayi Spinola, E. macuxi Lucena, and E. pulchricollis Ducke. By summarizing the preceding remarks, amendments are needed in the previous key of South America species of Elampus (Lucena & Gomes 2016): couplets 2–3 are herein modified to include Elampus aequinoctialis. 1. Marginal terga without basolateral translucent border; metanotum rectangular posteriorly; dorsal surface of mesosoma and apical margin of mandibles with distinct reddish highlights; apical margin of T3 rounded; tarsal claws with single subsidiary tooth............................................................................ Elampus macuxi Lucena - Marginal terga with narrow translucent rim or with broad membranous whitish border along basolateral margins; metanotum truncated or pointed posteriorly; dorsal surface of mesosoma and mandibles without reddish highlights; distal margin of T3 with medial notch; tarsal claws with two subsidiary teeth..................................................... 2 2. Marginal terga with broad membranous whitish rim; integument of head, pronotum and scutum dull and impunctate; scapal basin transversely cross-ridged; integument of T3 apical process smooth.................. Elampus pulchricollis Ducke - Marginal terga with narrow translucent border; integument of head, pronotum, scutum, and metasoma polished and punctate; scapal basin smooth, without cross-ridge or wrinkles; integument of T3 apical process wrinkled...................... 3 3. Vertex, pronotum, scutum, and discs of T2–T3 sparsely sculptured, minimally 1.5–2× PD apart (Fig. 2A–D), usually wider; small-sized, body size shorter than 4 mm [Brazil]................................... Elampus aequinoctialis Ducke - Vertex, pronotum, scutum, and discs of T2–T3 densely sculptured, usually no more than 1× PD apart (Fig. 2E–H); moderatesized, body size longer than 4.2 mm [western Argentina and Chile]............................ Elampus gayi Spinola, Published as part of Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V. & Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2022, Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on pages 206-208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7359903, {"references":["Spinola, M. (1851) Insectos. Orden 7. Himenopteros. Crisiditas. XI. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Zoologia. Maulde, Renon, Paris, pp. 404 - 413.","Rosa, P. & Xu, Z. (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Maximilian Spinola (1780 - 1857), Turin. Zookeys, 471, 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 471.6558","Dahlbom, A. G. (1845) Disposito methodica specierum Hymenopterorum, secundum Familias Insectorum naturales. Particula secunda. Dissert. Typis Berlingianis, Lund, 20 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 66977","Huber, J. T. & Pengelly, D. H. (1978 [\" 1977 \"]) A revision of the genus Elampus Spinola (Notozus of authors) (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) in America North of Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 108, 75 - 138.","Huber, J. T. & Pengelly, D. H. (1980 [\" 1979 \"]) Two new species of Elampus (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) from Puerto Rico and Cuba with notes on Elampus viridis Cresson. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 110, 47 - 51.","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991 [\" 1990 \"]) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford Science Publications, New York, New York, 652 pp.","Lucena, D. A. A. & Gomes, R. S. (2016) New species of Elampus Spinola, 1806 (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with a key to the Neotropical species of the genus. Zootaxa, 4117 (4), 555 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4117.4.7","Mocsary, A. (1889) Monographia Chrysididarum orbis terrarum universi. Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 643 pp.","Ducke, A. (1913) As Chrysididas do Brazil. Catalogos da fauna Brazileira, Museu Paulista, 4, 1 - 31."]}

Holopyga iheringi du Buysson, 1901 (Fig. 12) Holopyga iheringi du Buysson, 1901: 99. Holotype ♀. BRAZIL, Rio Grande do Sul, Ihering (NHMW: examined by photos). Extended diagnosis (female). Body 9 mm. Head breadth 1.4× height, metallic bluish green, densely foveate on vertex, becoming sparser on gena and transversely cross-ridged on scapal basin; vertex with sparse, pale, long setae, becoming longer and denser on gena and along inner ocular margin; eye with scarce microtrichia among ommatidia (magnification above 100×, oblique view); F1 length 4.3× breadth, 1.7× longer than F2; F2 as long as F3; F4–F11 progressively shorter; F11 slightly truncate apically; malar space 0.3× MOD; subantennal distance 0.5× MOD; POL 3.4× OL; 0.8× OOL; scape, pedicel, and F1 metallic bluish green, F2 brown with green highlight; F3–F11 brown; mandible castaneous brownish, with metallic green highlight basally. Mesosoma densely foveate, largest and deepest foveae on scutellum and metanotum; bluish green, bluer on pronotum, mesopleuron and scutum; metanotum and posterior declivity of propodeum with bluish purple highlights; pronotum and metapleuron-propodeum faintly striate; yellowish pale setae short and sparse, denser on mesopleuron and metanotum; tarsal claw with three subsidiary teeth; legs mostly metallic green, tarsomeres light brown with greenish highlights; wing membrane fuscous with brown veins. Metasoma densely foveate, particularly on T1 and T3, with short, suberect, yellowish pale setae on terga; T1 bluish green, anterior declivity of T1 with broad impunctate marginal areas, with punctate bands of small punctures medially; T2 with anteromedial dark blue band, posterior margin with purple highlight, punctation on disc finer and sparser than on T3; T3 mainly blue with metallic green highlight marginally, slightly depressed posteromedially, marginal border slightly notched medially; sterna metallic green, densely punctulate, with dense, semidecumbent, yellowish pale setae. Male. Same as female, except: meso- and metasoma greener; tarsomeres light brown, lacking green highlight; apical margin of T3 truncate medially. Variation. Specimens vary from 8.1 to 9.5 mm in total body length. The female specimen from Igarassu-PE differ from specimens collected in different localities by two discrete features: basolateral margin of T3 slightly angulate, and disc of T3 with longitudinal, impunctate, polished stripe. In all other features the examined specimens are identical. Material examined. Holotype ♀. BRAZIL, Rio Grande do Sul (NHMW). Minas Gerais: Passos, iii.1964, C. T. Elias (MZSP 04570: 1♂). Pernambuco: Igarassu, Usina São José, Zambana, 11.xi.2008, Araújo & Santos leg. (RPSP: 1♀). Rio Grande do Sul: Candiota, Chácara da Hortec, 13.i.2000 (MCPPV: 1♀). Pântano Grande, 01.xii.1995, Clemens Schlindwein (MCPPV: 1♀). Tenente Portela, Parque Turvo, 04.xii.1985, J. R. Cure (MCNZ: 1♂). Quaraí, Estância S. Roberto, 14.xi.1985, J. R. Cure (MCNZ: 1♀). Distribution. BRAZIL (Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul) (Fig. 17). Host. Unknown. Floral records. Eryngium horridum (Apiaceae). Remarks. Holopyga iheringi most resembles H. luzulina Dahlbom. This species is readily distinguished from H. luzulina based on the relatively large-sized body, with specimens of H. iheringi usually exceeding 8.5 mm long (against 7.5 mm of H. luzulina). Additionally, H. iheringi is easily distinguished by the inner margin of tarsal claw with three subsidiary teeth (two teeth in H. luzulina), F1 bluish green (greenish brown in H. luzulina), and the body color predominantly greenish blue (green in H. luzulina). Images of the holotype female housed at the Museum of Natural History Vienna were made available by Rosa et al. (2020). The extended diagnosis above is based on a female from Candiota, Rio Grande do Sul state. The female specimen illustrated in the Figure 12 is from Igarassu, Pernambuco state. The sole record of this species in northeastern Brazil is within the Atlantic Forest Biome, therefore, it is possible that this species does not occur in the Caatinga., Published as part of Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V. & Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2022, Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on page 220, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7359903, {"references":["du Buysson, R. (1901) Sur quelques Chrysidides du Musee de Vienne. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 16 (1), 97 - 104.","Rosa, P., Madl, M., Zettel, H. & Zimmermann, D. (2020) An illustrated and annotated catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) types deposited at the Natural History Museum Vienna. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, B, 122, 17 - 140."]}

Elampus aequinoctialis Ducke, 1901 sp. resurr. (Figs 1, 2A–D) Ellampus (!) (Notozus) aequinoctialis Ducke 1901: 359. Lectotype ♀, designated by Lucena & Gomes 2016: 560. BRAZIL, Pará, 25.vii.1901, A. Ducke (MPEG: examined). Elampus aequinoctialis (Ducke); Kimsey & Bohart 1991: 166. Elampus gayi Spinola; Ducke 1911: 97; Ducke: 1913: 13; Lucena & Gomes 2016: 556 (partim, synonymy with E. aequinoctialis). Diagnosis. Metasomal terga with narrow translucent border along lateral margins; scapal basin smooth; dorsum of head, mesosoma and metasoma with sparse sculpturing; metanotum somewhat truncated posteriorly, broader than long; tarsal claw with two subsidiary teeth. Elampus aequinoctialis Ducke closely resembles E. gayi Spinola. These species are almost identical, even comparing geographically distant samples. They can be distinguished based on the sparser sculpturing on vertex, pronotum, scutum, and disc of T2–T3 of E. aequinoctialis (Fig. 2A–D). Additionally, E. aequinoctialis is comparatively shorter than E. gayi (on average 3.6 vs. 4.4 mm). Material examined. Lectotype ♀. BRAZIL, Pará: 25.vii.1901, A. Ducke (MPEG 11062003). Bahia: Jequié, campus UESB II, 20.xi.2006, Silva-Júnior J. C. & cols. (CEDU-UNILA: 1♀). Ceará: Baturité, Ducke (MPEG: 1♀). Minas Gerais: Passa Quatro, 1904, Wagner S. (MPEG: 1♀). São Gonçalo do Rio das Pedras, 1903, Wagner S. R. (MPEG: 1♀). Santa Vitória, ii.1970, Oliveira F. H. (AMNH: 1♀). Santa Catarina: Seara [Nova Teutonia], 10.ii.1948, Fritz P. (USNM: 2♀). Same data as preceding, except: 29.ii.1948 (USNM: 1♀); 07.ii.1948 (AMNH: 1♂). São Paulo: Itirapina, Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, 20–22.xii.2016, Tavares, Porto, Lucena, Gibran & Yoshida (RPSP: 2♀ 1♂). Same data as preceding, except: 26–28.xi.2016, Almeida, Porto, Lucena, Gibran & Yoshida (RPSP: 2♀ 1♂). Luiz Antônio, Estação Ecológica de Jataí, 19.xii.2007, Perioto N. W. (RPSP: 1♀). Same data as preceding, except: 16.i.2008 (RPSP: 2♀). Teodoro Sampaio, 20.i.2012, Lopes P. R. (RPSP: 1♀). Same data as preceding, except: 18.ii.2012 (RPSP: 3♀ 1♂). Distribution. BRAZIL (Bahia, Ceará, Minas Gerais, Pará, Santa Catarina, São Paulo) (Fig. 3). Host. Unknown. Remarks. Elampus aequinoctialis and E. gayi are readily distinguished from other South American species by the shape and the development of metanotum, scapal basin lacking transverse striae, metasomal terga with narrow translucent rim, tarsal claw with two subsidiary teeth, and the shape of apical T3(Lucena &Gomes 2016).Additionally, distinguishing the genders of E. aequinoctialis and E. gayi without extracting the genitalia is challenging. Some females can be easily recognized if the metasomal tube composed of the internalized terga (“ovipositor”) is exserted. However, if only the tip of the metasomal tube is visible, this structure can be confused with the partly exserted male genitalia and vice versa (see comments below for E. gayi). According to our interpretation, E. gayi corresponds to the records in central Chile and Argentina, with the recognition of E. aequinoctialis as a distinct species exclusive to Brazil (Fig. 3). The records for E. aequinoctialis in northeastern Brazil do not imply that this species occurs in the Caatinga biome, since two recorded sites represent distinct habitats: an evergreen Semidecidual forest “Brejo de altitude” in Baturité, Ceará state; and a transition zone between caatinga xerophilous vegetation and semidecidual evergreen forest in Jequié, Bahia state (Westerkamp et al. 2007, Lucena et al. 2012, 2021). Here we adopt the form of writing the species name as follows: Elampus aequinoctialis Ducke, 1901. Kimsey & Bohart (1991: 166) listed this species as Elampus aequinoctialis (Ducke, 1901), with parentheses enclosing the author and publication year to indicate the change in the generic combination. We follow Article 51.3.1 of the Code, which states that “parentheses are not used when the species-group name was originally combined with an incorrect spelling or an emendation of the generic name” (ICZN 1999). Our interpretation also applies to Elampus pulchricollis Ducke, 1911, as would apply to any other species-group names combined with an incorrectly spelled genus-group name. The historical controversy surrounding this genus name shall be addressed in future research with this taxon because it exceeds the scope of this work., Published as part of Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V. & Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2022, Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on pages 204-206, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7359903, {"references":["Ducke, A. (1901) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der geographischen Verbreitung der Chrysididen und Beschreibung von drei neuen Arten. III. Ueber Goldwespen von Para (Nordbrasilien). Zeitschrift fur Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 1, 353 - 361.","Lucena, D. A. A. & Gomes, R. S. (2016) New species of Elampus Spinola, 1806 (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with a key to the Neotropical species of the genus. Zootaxa, 4117 (4), 555 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4117.4.7","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991 [\" 1990 \"]) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford Science Publications, New York, New York, 652 pp.","Ducke, A. (1911 [\" 1909 \"]) Terzo supplemento alla revisione dei crisididi dello stato brasiliano del Para. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 41, 89 - 115.","Westerkamp, C., Ribeiro, M. F., Lima-Verde, L. W., Delprete, P. G., Zanella, F. C. V. & Freitas, B. M. (2007) Adolpho Ducke e as abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) da Serra de Baturite. In: Oliveira, T. E. & Araujo, F. S. (Eds.), Diversidade e conservacao da biota na Serra do Baturite, Ceara. UFC / COELCE, Fortaleza, pp. 273 - 292.","Lucena, D. A. A., Santos-Neto, P. E., Zanella, F. C. V., Alves, F. P., Trindade, O. S. N. & Silva-Junior, J. C. (2012) Chrysididae diversity (Hymenoptera) in caatinga vegetation in Jequie, Bahia state, Northeastern Brazil. Magistra, 24, 215 - 220.","Lucena, D. A. A., Almeida, E. A. B. & Zanella, F. C. V. (2021) Amiseginae and Cleptinae from northeastern Brazil, with the description of four new species (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 81, 57 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jhr. 81.60048"]}

Exallopyga guatemalensis (Cameron, 1888) (Fig. 4) Hedychridium guatemalense Cameron 1888: 459. Lectotype ♀, designed by French 1985: 623. GUATEMALA, Zapote: Panzós (NHMUK: not examined). Chrysis andrei Mocsáry 1889: 215. Holotype ♂. BRAZIL, Coll. Edm. Andréi (MNHN: not examined). Junior synonym of Hedychridium guatemalense Cameron, 1888 according to French 1985: 623. Holopyga kohli du Buysson 1901: 100. Lectotype ♀ (by inference of “ holotype ”, see Rosa et al. 2020). BRAZIL (MNHN: not examined). Junior synonym of Hedychridium guatemalense Cameron, 1888 according to French 1985: 623. Holopyga (Hedychridium) pallidolimbata Ducke 1903: 133. Holotype ♀. BRAZIL, Pará: Itaituba, Rio Tapajós, 17.viii.1902, A. Ducke (MNHN: examined by photos). Junior synonym of Hedychridium guatemalense Cameron, 1888 according to French 1985: 623. Exallopyga guatemalensis; generic combination by French (1985). Diagnosis. Exallopyga guatemalensis (Cameron) is easily distinguished from other species in the genus based on the following combination of characters: dark purple bands on dorsum of meso- and metasoma (absent in E. difficilis); female S3 green or blue (black or non-metallic dark brown in E. jenseni); lateral ocelli partially encircled by small carina (absent in E. difficilis); females with emarginate T3 distal rim (with distinct medial notch in E. jenseni); and the relatively large-sized body, with specimens 7–10 mm long (E. difficilis: 5–7 mm; and E. jenseni: 5 mm). Additionally, according to French (1985), the spinose lobe of aedeagus in E. guatemalensis is enlarged, reaching almost halfway to the tip of the aedeagus (reaching at most about one third the distance in E. difficilis and E. jenseni; see his Figures 7–9). Material examined. Holotype ♀ of Holopyga (Hedychridium) pallidolimbata Ducke 1903. BRAZIL, Pará: Itaituba, Rio Tapajós, 17.viii.1902, A. Ducke (MNHN 25530). Amapá: Macapá, São Joaquim do Pacuí, 13.xii.1980, E. L. Oliveira (INPA: 1♀). Amazonas: Manaus, Embrapa Ocidental, 02°53′29″S 59°58′45″W, 14.ix.2012, K. Schoeninger (INPA: 1♀). Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 29.viii.1978 (INPA: 1♀). Barcelos, Parque Nacional do Jaú, Carabinani, 27.iv.1995, J. A. Rafael & J. Vidal (INPA: 1♀). Bahia: Ilhéus, N. Nakayama (DZUP: 1♀). Ceará: Baturité, A. Ducke (MNHN: 1♀). Distrito Federal: Planaltina, 14.v.2018, Aguiar, Santos, Silva, Carvalho & Viana / UNB 072381 (RPSP: 1♀). Maranhão: Bom Jardim, REBIO-RES. Biol. Gurupi, 06.xi.2010, F. Limeirade-Oliveira, D. W. A Marques & E. A. S. Barbosa (INPA: 2♀). Minas Gerais: Marliéria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, 19°37′S 42°34′W, 07.xi.2002, J. C. R. Fontenelle (UFES 147576: 1♀). Same data as preceding, except: 01–08.xi.2001 (UFES 147703: 1♀); 03–10.xi.2004 (UFES 148299: 1♀); 26–02.x–xi.2003 (UFES 148205: 1♀). Pará: Alenquer, 02.i.1904, A. Ducke (MPEG: 1♀). Paraíba: Santa Teresinha, Fazenda Tamanduá, Mata Ciliar, 23.v.2011, A. D. A. Lima (CEDU-UNILA: 1♀). São Paulo: Matão, 18.ix.2007, F. Noll (RPSP: 1♀). Itirapina, Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, 22°13′27″S 47°54′05″W, 26–28.xi.2016, Almeida, Porto, Lucena, Gibran & Yoshida (RPSP: 1♀ 1♂). Same data as preceding, except: 20–22.xii.2016 (RPSP 0818: 1♀); 28–31.i.2017, Tavares, Porto, Lucena, Delsin & Yoshida (RPSP 1746: 1♀). Luiz Antônio, Estação Ecológica de Jataí, 21°36′33″S 47°47′59″W, 28–29.x.2016, Tavares, Porto, Lucena, Gibran & Yoshida (RPSP: 3♀). Same data as preceding, except: 21°37′26″S 47°48′26″W, Mata Ciliar, Malaise Trap 1, 10.xii.2008, N. W. Perioto (RPSP: 2♀). Same data as preceding, except: Malaise trap 2, 14.xii.2006 (RPSP: 1♀); Malaise trap 1, 16.i.2008 (RPSP: 2♀); Malaise trap 1, 05.xii.2007 (RPSP: 1♀); Malaise trap 2, 04.i.2007 (RPSP: 1♀); Malaise trap 1, 14.xii.2006 (RPSP: 2♀); 30.i.2008 (RPSP: 1♀). Rio Claro, Horto Florestal, 05.viii.1987, R. P. Martins (MZSP 04694: 1♀). Same data as preceding, except: 04.viii.1987 (UFMG 1305756: 1♀). Distribution. ARGENTINA (Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos, Misiones, Tucumán, Salta); BRAZIL (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo); COSTA RICA (Cartago, Heredia, Guanacaste); COLOMBIA (Meta); GUATEMALA (Alta Verapaz, San Francisco); PANAMA (Barro Colorado); PARAGUAY (San Pedro); SURINAM (Nickerie); TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO; VENEZUELA (Bolívar) (Fig. 5). Host. Unknown. Remarks. This is the most widely distributed species in the genus, ranging from Guatemala to southern South America. We herein expand its geographical distribution by including new records from the following Brazilian states: Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, and Paraíba (Fig. 5). Exallopyga difficilis (Spinola) occurs in Chile through the Andes, reaching southwest Argentina; and E. jenseni (du Buysson) is only known from northern Argentina to southern Bolivia (French 1985)., Published as part of Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V. & Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2022, Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on pages 209-211, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7359903, {"references":["Cameron, P. (1888) Family Chrysididae. In: Porter, R. H. (Ed.), Biologia Centrali-Americana, 1883 - 1900, Hymenoptera. Vol. 1. Tayler and Francis, London, pp. 1 - 487.","French, L. D. (1985) Exallopyga, a new genus of Neotropical Elampinae (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 58 (4), 620 - 625.","Mocsary, A. (1889) Monographia Chrysididarum orbis terrarum universi. Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 643 pp.","du Buysson, R. (1901) Sur quelques Chrysidides du Musee de Vienne. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 16 (1), 97 - 104.","Rosa, P., Madl, M., Zettel, H. & Zimmermann, D. (2020) An illustrated and annotated catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) types deposited at the Natural History Museum Vienna. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, B, 122, 17 - 140.","Ducke, A. (1903) Neue sudamerikanische Chrysididen (Hym.). Zeitschrift fur Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 3, 129 - 136."]}

Holopyga lunae Lucena sp. nov. (Figs 13, 14) Diagnosis. Holopyga lunae sp. nov. resembles H. luzulina Dahlbom. These species are distinguished from other Brazilian Holopyga based on the combination of the following features: moderate-sized body (about 7 mm), tarsal claw with two subsidiary teeth, and shape of the head (higher than broad). The new species is distinguished from H. luzulina based on the following combination of characters: vertex densely punctate (vertex with transverse band of sparse tiny punctures in H. luzulina); lateral margin of pronotum bordered with discrete carina (lateral margin of pronotum lacking carina in H. luzulina); male S3 dark brown (male S3 metallic green in H. luzulina). Description. Holotype, male (Fig. 13). Body length: 6.9 mm. Head. High 1.2× breadth; least distance between antennal rims 0.6× MOD; scape more or less cylindrical, gently curved medially, slightly wider submedially, 2.9× longer than its maximum width; F1 length 2.1× breadth, 1.4× longer than F2, F2 slightly longer than F3; F3–F10 subequal in size; F11 somewhat truncate apically; lower medial margin of clypeus straight; subantennal distance about 0.6× MOD; malar space shorter than 0.5× MOD; POL 2.1× OL; 0.8× OOL; lateral ocelli linked with transverse shallow sulcus; inner ocular margin slightly convergent submedially, LID 1.3× scape length; eye height 1.7× breadth. Mesosoma. Anterior declivity of pronotum with shallow medial pit, lateral margin bordered with discrete carina; notaulus and parapsidal signum faintly marked; R1 2 v very short, barely visible; inner margin of tarsal claw with two subsidiary teeth. Metasoma. T3 slightly depressed postero-medially, apical margin slightly truncate, with faintly marked medial notch, lateral margin slightly angulate. Coloration. Head mostly metallic green, with purplish blue tints around ocelli; base of mandible green with faint purplish blue reflection; golden highlights basally on inner margin of compound eye and on upper gena; scape, pedicel and base of stipe metallic green; apex of clypeus, half mandible and flagellomeres brown; mesosoma mainly metallic green, with purple tints anteriorly on pronotum, scutum, and posteriorly on metapectal-propodeal complex; bluish highlights on lateral pronotum, and metapleuron-propodeum; golden highlights on pronotal lobe, mesopleuron, and legs; tegula brown; wing membrane light fuscous with brown veins; coxa, femur, tibia and outer surface of basitarsomere green; distal tarsomeres and inner surface of basitarsomeres light brown; dorsum of metasoma mainly metallic green with light bluish highlights on terga; disc of anterior declivity of T1 purplish brown; T2 with anterior transverse purplish blue band; golden highlights laterally on terga, brighter on T3; T3 distal edge hyaline; laterotergites mostly metallic green, with dark margins; S1–S2 metallic green, S3 dark brown. Sculpture. Vertex and frons densely sculptured, becoming sparser on gena and lower on face; scapal basin densely cross-ridged, with small punctures marginally; clypeus punctulate, sparser on disc; scape densely punctulate; gena rugose-striate, with distinct longitudinal ridge; dorsum of mesosoma and mesopleuron densely foveate, larger and deeper on metanotum; lateral pronotal depression and metapleuron-propodeum with transverse striae; posterior mesopleuron slightly striate; outer surface of legs punctulate, except tarsomeres; dorsum of metasoma heavily sculptured, with double, dense, punctation pattern, with small punctures among larger foveae, becoming transversely ridged lateroposteriorly on T1–T2, and anterolaterally on T3; anterior declivity of T1 mostly impunctate, with only marginal punctures; laterotergites of T1–T2 sparsely punctulate, becoming denser on laterotergite of T3; S1–S2 sparsely punctulate, becoming much denser on S3. Vestiture. Head with short, sparse, pale setae on vertex, becoming longer and denser on frons, along inner ocular margin, gena, and occiput; scapal basin glabrous; clypeus with long, sparse, pale setae, becoming denser marginally; distal margin of galea and mandible with long, sparse, gold setae; scape with short, gold setae; flagellomeres with short, suberect, pale setae; eye glabrous (magnification above 100×); dorsum of mesosoma with short, erect, sparse, yellowish pale setae, becoming longer and denser on scutum and scutellum; propleuron with long, dense, pale setae; lateral pronotum and metapleuron-propodeum almost glabrous, except for some sparse marginal setae; wing membrane entirely setose; coxae and femora with long, dense, pale setae; protibia with some outstanding, long, pale setae; meso- and metatibiae with short, dense, even, pale setae; venter of tarsomeres with dense, even, spine-like setae; dorsum of metasoma with short, suberect, pale setae; S1 and S2 with long, sparse, pale setae; S3 with long, dense, pale setae. Female (Fig. 14). Same as male, except: F1 length 2.4× breadth; F11 not truncate; LID 1.4× scape; eye with microtrichia; flagellomeres with short, decumbent, pale setae; lacking golden highlights on head, pronotum and metasoma; S3 metallic green; T3 not depressed postero-medially; T3 apical margin not truncate, lacking medial notch, and lateral margin not angulate. Material examined. Holotype ♂. BRAZIL, Sergipe: Canindé de São Francisco, Sta. Maria, 20.vi.2005, Debora Moura leg. / 23885 UFPE / L172 P874, Waltheria indica (RPSP). Allotype ♀: Canindé de São Francisco, Cana Brava, 30.viii.2002 / 10391 UFPE / L140 P755, Melochia tomentosa (RPSP: 1♀); other paratypes: Canindé de São Francisco, Poço Verde, 24.v.2005 / 22577 UFPE / L132 P994, Cissus erosa (RPSP: 1♂); Canindé de São Francisco, Cana Brava, 30.viii.2002 / 10292 UFPE / L139 P874, Waltheria indica (RPSP: 1♀). Alagoas: Piranhas, Poço da Ingazeira, Mata Ciliar, 29.vi.2005, Debora Moura leg. / 23914 UFPE / L180 P1191, Hydrolea spinosa / 23998 UFPE / L180 P1063, Tephrosia purpurea (CEDU-UNILA: 2♂ 1♀). Distribution. BRAZIL (Alagoas, Sergipe) (Fig. 17). Host. Unknown. Floral records. Waltheria indica (Malvaceae), Cissus erosa (Vitaceae), Melochia tomentosa (Malvaceae), Hydrolea spinosa (Hydroleaceae), and Tephrosia purpurea (Fabaceae). Remarks. The holotype is missing part of the right antenna, and right pro- and mesolegs. Male paratypes are lacking parts of their legs and flagellomeres. The allotype and the female paratype are lacking parts of their legs. Rosa & Xu (2015) designated the lectotype for H. luzulina Dahlbom and provided photographs of the male typespecimen hosted in the MRSN. Type locality of this species is an unknown locality in Brazil. We have examined one couple from Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil —RPSP), and the male precisely matches the original description and diagnostic features observed in the images of the male lectotype of this species. According to Kimsey & Bohart (1991), H. luzulina is widespread in the Neotropical region, reaching the south of the Nearctic region through Mexico and southwest USA, though, we did not find this species sympatric with H. lunae sp. nov. Etymology. The new species is named after Danielle Luna, first author´s wife., Published as part of Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V. & Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2022, Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on pages 222-225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7359903, {"references":["Rosa, P. & Xu, Z. (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Maximilian Spinola (1780 - 1857), Turin. Zookeys, 471, 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 471.6558","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991 [\" 1990 \"]) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford Science Publications, New York, New York, 652 pp."]}

Holopyga piliventris Ducke, 1907 (Figs 15, 16) Holopyga piliventris Ducke, 1907: 95. Lectotype ♂, designated here. BRAZIL, Maranhão: Codó, 22.vi.1907, A. Ducke (MZSP #04578: examined). Extended diagnosis (male). Body size: 3.9 mm. Head predominantly metallic green; vertex with transverse dark purple band; scape brownish green; pedicel and flagellomeres brown; mandible brown; frons densely foveate changing abruptly on scapal basin, becoming densely cross-ridged, with some marginal punctures; vertex densely sculptured, with low ridges and small punctures inserted among large foveae, becoming slightly striate around ocelli; clypeus finely punctulate; lateral ocelli with discrete shallow depression, linked transversely by discrete posterior line; genal carina indistinct; gena with longitudinal ridges; malar space 0.3× MOD; subantennal distance 0.9× MOD; F1 1.1× F2; F2–F9 similar in size; lower medial margin of clypeus straight. Mesosoma mainly metallic green; scutum and scutellum with dark purple tints; metanotum with bluish highlights; posterior declivity of metapectalpropodeal complex dark purple, with bluish highlights; posterior propodeal projection green; legs mainly metallic light green, tarsi light brown; tegula brown; wing membrane light fuscous with brown veins; dorsum of mesosoma and mesopleuron densely foveate, larger and deeper on metanotum; notaulus and parasidal signum faintly marked; posterior mesopleuron striate; profemur somewhat striate basally on outer surface; inner margin of tarsal claw with one subsidiary tooth; inner spurs of meso- and metatibia serrated; Rs&M 2 v smoothly curved submedially. Metasoma mainly metallic green, with purplish blue highlights marginally on terga; disk of T1–T2 with wide dark band; sterna entirely dark brown; T2 and T3 with marginal semitranslucent rim; T3 distal margin evenly round; terga densely foveate, with shallow marginal micropunctures among foveae; sterna punctate. Dorsum of body with abundant, short, sub-erect, yellowish pale setae; compound eye with very short and sparse microtrichia, most visible marginally (in oblique view, magnification above 100×); legs abundantly setose, tarsomeres with spine-like, thick, even setae; wing membrane entirely setose; abundant, decumbent, yellowish pale setae on metasomal terga; S2–S3 with relatively long, pale setae. Female (Fig. 16). Same as male, except: body mainly metallic bluish green with dark purple bands; scape green; F1 1.3× F2; posterior mesopleuron smooth, non-striate; terga finely foveate, lacking marginal shallow micropunctures among foveae; T3 slightly truncate medially. Variation. Specimens vary from 3.8 to 4.3 mm in total body length. The shorter measurements (2.5–3 mm) given in the original description by Ducke (1907) may be incorrect. Material examined. Lectotype ♂. BRAZIL, Maranhão: Codó, 22.vi.1907, A. Ducke (MZSP 04578). Bahia: Jequié, campus UESB II, Malaise III, 9.xii.2006, Silva-Júnior J. C. & cols. (CEDU-UNILA: 1♀). Same data as preceding, except: 25.xi.2006 (CEDU-UNILA: 1♀). Ceará: Caridade, 05.v.1909, A. Ducke (MPEG: 1♀). Crateús, 05°11′20″S 40°42′35″W, 06.v.2014, Almeida, Lucena & Tavares (RPSP: 1♀). Paraíba: Sumé, Sítio Pitombeira / Valdemir, Malaise, 07°41′22″S 36°56′46.5″W, 533m, 02.x.2010, H. M. Sousa (UFMG 1202319: 1♀). Distribution. BRAZIL (Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba) (Fig. 17). Host. Unknown. Remarks. This species belongs to Holopyga as clearly evidenced by the scapal basin transversely cross-ridged, transverse shallow sulcus linking lateral ocelli, notaulus faintly marked or indistinct, profemur ventrally expanded, and mesopleuron sharply bordered with carina (see also Krombein 1969, Kimsey 1982, and Kimsey & Bohart 1991). Notwithstanding, this species and at least three other Nearctic and Neotropical species have a suite of unusual diagnostic characteristics (H. wagnerella du Buysson, 1901, H. mimeca Kimsey, 1982 [in Bohart & Kimsey 1982], and H. rudis Kimsey, 1982 [in Bohart & Kimsey 1982]): reduced body size (shorter than 5 mm), tarsal claw with single subsidiary tooth or with one subapical tooth and one basal tooth, indistinct genal carina, Rs&M 2 v short and smoothly curved submedially, and metasomal sterna dark brown. These characteristics readily distinguished these species from other Holopyga (see Bohart & Kimsey 1982) and they may constitute a subgroup within the genus. Lucena & Almeida (2022) placed H. wagnerella (a species closely resembled to H. piliventris) as sister to the remaining species of Holopyga. If these distinct Holopyga represent another Elampini group, or may form a subgroup within Holopyga, this will be the subject of future analyses. Holopyga piliventris closely resembles H. wagnerella du Buysson but can be distinguished from it based on the following combination of characteristics: vertex with transverse dark band (vertex without distinct dark band in H. wagnerella); and T2 with marginal semitranslucent rim (T2 with indistinctly narrow translucent rim in H. wagnerella). Additionally, the punctation of metasomal terga in H. piliventris is comparatively finer and sparser (coarser and denser in H. wagnerella). Ducke (1907) described Holopyga piliventris based on an unknown number of syntypes (males and females) from Codó and Caxias (Maranhão state), collected in June 1907. The male specimen housed at MZSP had a handwritten label “cotype” and a yellow paralectotype indication labelled by L. French. Another male from Codó, collected on 24 th June 1907, was labelled as lectotype by L. French and it is currently housed at the MNHN (Paolo Rosa, person. comm.). The lectotype designation by L. French was never published, and we were unable to locate other type specimens from Caxias supposedly housed at two collections: MZSP and MPEG. In accordance with the articles 72–74 of the Code (ICZN 1999), and to ensure stability on this case, we designate here the male cotype specimen housed at MZSP from Codó as the lectotype for H. piliventris Ducke, 1907. Hereinafter the male specimen housed at MNHN should be considered a paralectotype. The whereabouts of other paralectotypes remain unknown. The presently known geographical records of this species are restricted to northeastern Brazil and include sites typically of the caatinga vegetation (Fig. 17). The female specimen illustrated in the Figure 16 is from Crateús, Ceará state., Published as part of Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V. & Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2022, Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on pages 225-228, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7359903, {"references":["Ducke, A. (1907) Contribution a la connaissance de la faune hymenopterogique du Nord-Est du Bresil. Revue d'Entomologie, 26, 73 - 96.","Krombein, K. V. (1969) The generic placement of two Nearctic Holopyga with biological notes (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 71 (3), 351 - 361.","Kimsey, L. S. (1982) A new North American chrysidid genus and redescription of the genus Pseudolopyga Krombein (Elampinae, Hymenoptera). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 57 (2), 351 - 358.","Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991 [\" 1990 \"]) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford Science Publications, New York, New York, 652 pp.","du Buysson, R. (1901) Sur quelques Chrysidides du Musee de Vienne. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 16 (1), 97 - 104.","Bohart, R. M. & Kimsey, L. S. (1982) A synopsis of the Chrysididae in America North of Mexico. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 33, 1 - 266.","Lucena, D. A. A. & Almeida, E. A. B. (2022) Morphology and Bayesian tip-dating recover deep Cretaceous-age divergences among major chrysidid lineages (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 194, 36 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlab 010"]}

Genus Exallopyga French This Neotropical genus contains three valid species: Exallopyga difficilis (Spinola, 1851), E. guatemalensis (Cameron, 1888), and E. jenseni (du Buysson, 1909). There are no records of hosts for this genus. Exallopyga is easily distinguished from other genera of Elampini based on the following combination of unique features: axilla slightly produced into the wing fossa; F1–F5 with distinctly elongated distal sensillae; and the aedeagus of male genitalia with submedial spinose lobe (French 1985, Lucena & Almeida 2022). French (1985) described the genus, revised its species, and provided an identification key and illustrations of diagnostic characters. Only Exallopyga guatemalensis (Cameron) is known from Brazil., Published as part of Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V. & Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2022, Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on page 208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7359903, {"references":["Spinola, M. (1851) Insectos. Orden 7. Himenopteros. Crisiditas. XI. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Zoologia. Maulde, Renon, Paris, pp. 404 - 413.","Cameron, P. (1888) Family Chrysididae. In: Porter, R. H. (Ed.), Biologia Centrali-Americana, 1883 - 1900, Hymenoptera. Vol. 1. Tayler and Francis, London, pp. 1 - 487.","du Buysson, R. (1909) Hymenopteres chrysidides de la region de Mendoza. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 3 (2), 195 - 200.","French, L. D. (1985) Exallopyga, a new genus of Neotropical Elampinae (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 58 (4), 620 - 625.","Lucena, D. A. A. & Almeida, E. A. B. (2022) Morphology and Bayesian tip-dating recover deep Cretaceous-age divergences among major chrysidid lineages (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 194, 36 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlab 010"]}

Genus Muesebeckidium Krombein This genus is one of the rarest South American Elampini and comprises morphologically modified species. The distinctive modified tarsomeres and mesosomal sclerites readily distinguish them from other genera. Diagnostic features include the strongly produced anterolaterally mesopleuron; lateral margin of pronotum bordered with strong carina; female pro- and mesotarsomeres flattened and expanded laterally (often held coiled); and protarsal claw strongly curved. There is still no record of host for this genus. Krombein (1969) suggested that the likely host may be some Pemphredoninae, which nest in twigs and make partitions between the cells and the closing plug of the nest from small, rather loosely packed particles of pith. According to him, the modified tarsomeres of Muesebeckidium would allow it to easily penetrate the nest by displacing the particles that close the entrance, thus giving the parasitoid access to the host cells. Currently, there are three described species in the genus, two from North America and one in South America (only known from Amapá and Pará states, northern Brazil), but only the species in North America have been revised (Krombein 1969, Bohart & Kimsey 1982). For the first time this genus is reported for northeastern Brazil and a new species is described., Published as part of Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V. & Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2022, Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on page 229, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7359903, {"references":["Krombein, K. V. (1969) The generic placement of two Nearctic Holopyga with biological notes (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 71 (3), 351 - 361.","Bohart, R. M. & Kimsey, L. S. (1982) A synopsis of the Chrysididae in America North of Mexico. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 33, 1 - 266."]}

Holopyga lunae Lucena sp. nov. (Figs 13, 14) Diagnosis. Holopyga lunae sp. nov. resembles H. luzulina Dahlbom. These species are distinguished from other Brazilian Holopyga based on the combination of the following features: moderate-sized body (about 7 mm), tarsal claw with two subsidiary teeth, and shape of the head (higher than broad). The new species is distinguished from H. luzulina based on the following combination of characters: vertex densely punctate (vertex with transverse band of sparse tiny punctures in H. luzulina); lateral margin of pronotum bordered with discrete carina (lateral margin of pronotum lacking carina in H. luzulina); male S3 dark brown (male S3 metallic green in H. luzulina). Description. Holotype, male (Fig. 13). Body length: 6.9 mm. Head. High 1.2× breadth; least distance between antennal rims 0.6× MOD; scape more or less cylindrical, gently curved medially, slightly wider submedially, 2.9× longer than its maximum width; F1 length 2.1× breadth, 1.4× longer than F2, F2 slightly longer than F3; F3–F10 subequal in size; F11 somewhat truncate apically; lower medial margin of clypeus straight; subantennal distance about 0.6× MOD; malar space shorter than 0.5× MOD; POL 2.1× OL; 0.8× OOL; lateral ocelli linked with transverse shallow sulcus; inner ocular margin slightly convergent submedially, LID 1.3× scape length; eye height 1.7× breadth. Mesosoma. Anterior declivity of pronotum with shallow medial pit, lateral margin bordered with discrete carina; notaulus and parapsidal signum faintly marked; R1 2 v very short, barely visible; inner margin of tarsal claw with two subsidiary teeth. Metasoma. T3 slightly depressed postero-medially, apical margin slightly truncate, with faintly marked medial notch, lateral margin slightly angulate. Coloration. Head mostly metallic green, with purplish blue tints around ocelli; base of mandible green with faint purplish blue reflection; golden highlights basally on inner margin of compound eye and on upper gena; scape, pedicel and base of stipe metallic green; apex of clypeus, half mandible and flagellomeres brown; mesosoma mainly metallic green, with purple tints anteriorly on pronotum, scutum, and posteriorly on metapectal-propodeal complex; bluish highlights on lateral pronotum, and metapleuron-propodeum; golden highlights on pronotal lobe, mesopleuron, and legs; tegula brown; wing membrane light fuscous with brown veins; coxa, femur, tibia and outer surface of basitarsomere green; distal tarsomeres and inner surface of basitarsomeres light brown; dorsum of metasoma mainly metallic green with light bluish highlights on terga; disc of anterior declivity of T1 purplish brown; T2 with anterior transverse purplish blue band; golden highlights laterally on terga, brighter on T3; T3 distal edge hyaline; laterotergites mostly metallic green, with dark margins; S1–S2 metallic green, S3 dark brown. Sculpture. Vertex and frons densely sculptured, becoming sparser on gena and lower on face; scapal basin densely cross-ridged, with small punctures marginally; clypeus punctulate, sparser on disc; scape densely punctulate; gena rugose-striate, with distinct longitudinal ridge; dorsum of mesosoma and mesopleuron densely foveate, larger and deeper on metanotum; lateral pronotal depression and metapleuron-propodeum with transverse striae; posterior mesopleuron slightly striate; outer surface of legs punctulate, except tarsomeres; dorsum of metasoma heavily sculptured, with double, dense, punctation pattern, with small punctures among larger foveae, becoming transversely ridged lateroposteriorly on T1–T2, and anterolaterally on T3; anterior declivity of T1 mostly impunctate, with only marginal punctures; laterotergites of T1–T2 sparsely punctulate, becoming denser on laterotergite of T3; S1–S2 sparsely punctulate, becoming much denser on S3. Vestiture. Head with short, sparse, pale setae on vertex, becoming longer and denser on frons, along inner ocular margin, gena, and occiput; scapal basin glabrous; clypeus with long, sparse, pale setae, becoming denser marginally; distal margin of galea and mandible with long, sparse, gold setae; scape with short, gold setae; flagellomeres with short, suberect, pale setae; eye glabrous (magnification above 100×); dorsum of mesosoma with short, erect, sparse, yellowish pale setae, becoming longer and denser on scutum and scutellum; propleuron with long, dense, pale setae; lateral pronotum and metapleuron-propodeum almost glabrous, except for some sparse marginal setae; wing membrane entirely setose; coxae and femora with long, dense, pale setae; protibia with some outstanding, long, pale setae; meso- and metatibiae with short, dense, even, pale setae; venter of tarsomeres with dense, even, spine-like setae; dorsum of metasoma with short, suberect, pale setae; S1 and S2 with long, sparse, pale setae; S3 with long, dense, pale setae. Female (Fig. 14). Same as male, except: F1 length 2.4× breadth; F11 not truncate; LID 1.4× scape; eye with microtrichia; flagellomeres with short, decumbent, pale setae; lacking golden highlights on head, pronotum and metasoma; S3 metallic green; T3 not depressed postero-medially; T3 apical margin not truncate, lacking medial notch, and lateral margin not angulate. Material examined. Holotype ♂. BRAZIL, Sergipe: Canindé de São Francisco, Sta. Maria, 20.vi.2005, Debora Moura leg. / 23885 UFPE / L172 P874, Waltheria indica (RPSP). Allotype ♀: Canindé de São Francisco, Cana Brava, 30.viii.2002 / 10391 UFPE / L140 P755, Melochia tomentosa (RPSP: 1♀); other paratypes: Canindé de São Francisco, Poço Verde, 24.v.2005 / 22577 UFPE / L132 P994, Cissus erosa (RPSP: 1♂); Canindé de São Francisco, Cana Brava, 30.viii.2002 / 10292 UFPE / L139 P874, Waltheria indica (RPSP: 1♀). Alagoas: Piranhas, Poço da Ingazeira, Mata Ciliar, 29.vi.2005, Debora Moura leg. / 23914 UFPE / L180 P1191, Hydrolea spinosa / 23998 UFPE / L180 P1063, Tephrosia purpurea (CEDU-UNILA: 2♂ 1♀). Distribution. BRAZIL (Alagoas, Sergipe) (Fig. 17). Host. Unknown. Floral records. Waltheria indica (Malvaceae), Cissus erosa (Vitaceae), Melochia tomentosa (Malvaceae), Hydrolea spinosa (Hydroleaceae), and Tephrosia purpurea (Fabaceae). Remarks. The holotype is missing part of the right antenna, and right pro- and mesolegs. Male paratypes are lacking parts of their legs and flagellomeres. The allotype and the female paratype are lacking parts of their legs. Rosa & Xu (2015) designated the lectotype for H. luzulina Dahlbom and provided photographs of the male typespecimen hosted in the MRSN. Type locality of this species is an unknown locality in Brazil. We have examined one couple from Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil —RPSP), and the male precisely matches the original description and diagnostic features observed in the images of the male lectotype of this species. According to Kimsey & Bohart (1991), H. luzulina is widespread in the Neotropical region, reaching the south of the Nearctic region through Mexico and southwest USA, though, we did not find this species sympatric with H. lunae sp. nov. Etymology. The new species is named after Danielle Luna, first author´s wife.

Genus Holopyga Dahlbom This genus comprises nearly 100 described species around the world, generally composed of large heavy-bodied wasps, some of them attacking ground-nesting Crabronidae (e.g., Kimsey & Bohart 1991). So far, the sole confirmed host record for the Brazilian species is Solierella minarum Ducke, 1907 attacked by Holopyga wagnerella du Buysson, 1904 (Rocha-Filho et al. 2019). Holopyga is readily distinguished from other Elampini genera based on the following combination of characters: scapal basin transversely cross-ridged; genal carina present; Rs&M 2 v abruptly bent medially and diverging from M+Cu 2 v before cu-a 2 v; 1Cu 2 c and R 2 c with setae; tarsal claw with two or more subsidiary teeth (rarely with one); mesopleuron distinctly carinate and angulate; and notauli usually faintly marked.According to Kimsey & Bohart (1991), there are six species recorded to Brazil: H. boutheryi Brèthes, 1902, H. iheringi du Buysson, 1901, H. luzulina Dahlbom, 1854, H. piliventris Ducke, 1907, H. ujkelyiana Mocsáry, 1914, and H. wagnerella du Buysson, 1904. Three species are found in northeastern Brazil, H. iheringi, H. piliventris, and a new species is herein described., Published as part of Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V. & Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2022, Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on page 219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7359903, {"references":["Kimsey, L. S. & Bohart, R. M. (1991 [\" 1990 \"]) The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford Science Publications, New York, New York, 652 pp.","Ducke, A. (1907) Contribution a la connaissance de la faune hymenopterogique du Nord-Est du Bresil. Revue d'Entomologie, 26, 73 - 96.","du Buysson, R. (1904) Contribution aux Chrysidides du globe (5 ª Serie). Revue d'Entomologie, 23, 253 - 275.","Rocha-Filho, L. C., Moure-Oliveira, D., Carvalho, S. M., Frantine-Silva, W. & Augusto, S. C. (2019) Diversity and host - parasite interactions of cavity-nesting Hymenoptera communities in the Brazilian Savannah. Journal of Insect Conservation, 23, 651 - 665. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10841 - 019 - 00157 - 7","Brethes, J. (1902) Contributions a l'etude des Hymenopteres de l'Amerique du Sud et specialement de la Republique Argentine: Les Chrysidides. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, 3 (1), 263 - 294.","du Buysson, R. (1901) Sur quelques Chrysidides du Musee de Vienne. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 16 (1), 97 - 104.","Dahlbom, A. G. (1854) Hymenoptera Europaea praecipue borealia, formis typicis nonnullis specierum generumve Exoticorum aut Extraneorum propter nexum systematicum associatis, per familias, genera, species et varietates disposita atque descripta. 2. Chrysis in sensu Linnaeano. Friedrich Nicolai, Berlin, xxiv + 412 pp. + 12 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15890","Mocsary, A. (1914) Chrysididae plerumque exoticae novae. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 12, 1 - 72."]}

Hedychrum oxente Lucena & Zanella sp. nov. (Figs 6, 7, 8A–C) Diagnosis. This species resembles Hedychrum neotropicum Mocsáry but can be distinguished from H. neotropicum based on the following combination of characters: mesotibial fovea height 1.4× breadth, metatibial fovea height 1.3× breadth (height 1.7× and 2.2× breadth in H. neotropicum, respectively); vertex and dorsum of meso- and metasoma with distinctive purplish-blue bands (faintly spotted in H. neotropicum); and T2 with large dark purplishblue spot (T2 with discrete bluish highlight in H. neotropicum). Description. Holotype, female (Fig. 6). Body length: 6.4 mm. Head. Breadth 1.2× high; least distance between antennal rims 0.7× MOD; scape 2.8× longer than its maximum width; F1 length 1.8× breadth, 1.6× F2, F2 slightly longer than F3; F3–F10 subequal in size; F11 slightly longer than F10; lower medial margin of clypeus straight; subantennal distance 0.5× MOD; malar space shorter than 0.2× MOD; gena progressively narrowed on half lower portion; POL 2× OL; 0.7× OOL; LID 1.7× scape length; eye height 1.3× breadth. Mesosoma. Anterolateral corner of pronotum bordered with discrete carina; lateral pronotal depression striate, with distinct lower pit; notaulus and parapsidal signum faintly marked; R1 2 v very short, barely visible; 2r-rs 2 v 1.9× longer than cu-a 2 v; mesotibial fovea height 1.4× breadth; metatibial fovea height 1.3× breadth; outer apical margin of tibiae with short, even, spines; meso- and metabasitarsomere with crown of short, evenly-sized, spines; venter of tarsomeres with apical, irregularly-sized, spines. Coloration. Head mostly metallic green, with purplish blue tints on vertex; base of mandible green; discrete golden highlights on frons and scapal basin; scape metallic green; pedicel and base of stipe bluish green; apex of clypeus, half distal portion of mandible and flagellomeres brown; mesosoma mainly metallic green, with medial purplish-blue bands on pronotum, scutum, scutellum; posterior declivity of metapectal-propodeal complex with purplish blue tints; bluish highlights on lateral procoxa, pronotum, and metapleuron-propodeum; tegula brown, with greenish highlight anteriorly; wing membrane light fuscous with brown veins; legs mostly metallic green, with discrete golden highlights on tibiae; basitarsomeres greenish brown, distal tarsomeres light brown; dorsum of metasoma mainly metallic green; T1 with posterior transverse bluish purple band; T2 with wide, dark, bluish purple spot occupying much of disc; T3 with T-like, anteromedial bluish purple band; T3 distal rim hyaline basolaterally; S1, S3, and laterotergites dark brown; S2 mostly dark brown, with metallic green band occupying half posterior portion. Sculpture. Vertex and frons densely foveate-punctate, except discrete impunctate polished area beside each lateral ocellus; lower gena longitudinally striate; scapal basin densely cross-ridged, upper border with impunctate, polished, transverse stripe; lower face punctulate-striate; clypeus punctulate-striate marginally, becoming sparser and non-striate on disc; scape punctulate; dorsum of mesosoma and mesopleuron densely foveate, larger and deeper on metanotum; scutellum with tiny punctures inserted on interspaces among larger foveae; lateral pronotum, posterior mesopleuron and half lower portion of metapleuron-propodeum transversely striate; upper half portion of metapleuron-propodeum distinctively polished; ventral surface of femora punctulate, distinctively denser on metafemora; metasomal terga densely sculptured becoming finer medially, particularly on T1 and T2; T3 slightly rugulose marginally; sterna punctulate, denser on laterotergites. Vestiture. Head with short, sparse, castaneous setae on vertex, becoming paler, sparser and longer on gena and occiput; clypeus with sparse, pale setae marginally; labrum with relatively long, castaneous, setae; outer surface of mandible with short, pale setae; scape with short, suberect, pale setae; flagellomeres with short, suberect, pale setae; eye glabrous (magnification above 100×); dorsum of mesosoma with short, erect, sparse, castaneous setae, denser on pronotum; propleuron with long, sparse, pale setae; wing membrane entirely setose; legs with abundant setae, femora and tibiae with some outstanding, long, yellowish pale setae; venter of tarsomeres with dense, evenly-sized, spine-like setae; dorsum of metasoma with abundant, suberect, yellowish pale setae, denser and longer on T3; S2 and S3 with long, dense, yellowish pale setae, denser and longer distally on S3. Male (Fig. 7). Same as female, except: scape 3.3× longer than its maximum width; POL 2.3× OL; eye height 1.4× breadth; 2r-rs 2 v just slightly longer than cu-a 2 v; outer apical margin of tibiae with short, irregularly-sized, spines; mesobasitarsomere lacking crown of spines; pre-apical swelling of T3 discernible only laterally; fainter bluish-purple bands on vertex, dorsum of mesosoma, and T3; metathorax bluer; sterna mostly dark brown, with metallic green band on disc of S2–S3; sculpturing of metasomal terga slightly coarser. Variation. Specimens vary from 5.8 to 6.6 mm in total body length. Material examined. Holotype ♀. BRAZIL, Paraíba: Prata, PA Zé Marcolino/ Anselmo, 07°38′3.74″S 37°1′24.98″W, 17.ix.2010, A. Silva (UFMG 1201713). Allotype ♂: Ceará: Ubajara, 03°50′50″S 40°53′23″W, 22.x.2011, F. C. V. Zanella (CEDU-UNILA: 1♂). Other paratypes: Baturité, 04°20′09″S 38°52′19″W, 30.iv.2014, Almeida, Lucena & Tavares (RPSP: 1♂). Baturité, 25.vii.1908, A. Ducke (MPEG: 1♀); 13.vii.1908 (MPEG 03006013: 1♂). Distribution. BRAZIL (Ceará, Paraíba) (Fig. 9). Host. Unknown. Remarks. The coarsely contiguous sculptured integument of H. oxente sp. nov., particularly on pronotum and metasoma, readily distinguish this species from H. neotropicum (see Fig. 8). The distinctive purplish-blue tints on vertex and dorsum of meso- and metasoma, and the large dark purplish-blue spot on T2 are also diagnostics for this species. The holotype and the allotype were collected in September and October, the peak of the dry season in the region. Coloration and vestiture of two paratypes from Baturité-CE in the MPEG are severely altered. We could assign them to H. oxente sp. nov. based on the shape of the metatibial fovea, the coarse and contiguous sculpturing on pronotum, and the large dark purplish-blue spot on T2. Three male specimens from Codó (Maranhão state, 17.vi.1907, A. Ducke, MPEG) previously recorded for northeastern Brazil as H. neotropicum (Ducke 1907, 1913) may represent a distinct species (see the Discussion section below). Because the coloration and vestiture of these male specimens are poorly preserved, we could not confidently assign them to H. oxente sp. nov., H. neotropicum, or interpret them as another new species. These three male specimens from Codó are therefore left unidentified until a confident conclusion can be drawn from their morphology. Etymology. “ oxente ” is a neutral interjection word. This is an expression spoken in northeastern Brazil to state admiration, astonishment, surprise.

Hedychrum oxente Lucena & Zanella sp. nov. (Figs 6, 7, 8A–C) Diagnosis. This species resembles Hedychrum neotropicum Mocsáry but can be distinguished from H. neotropicum based on the following combination of characters: mesotibial fovea height 1.4× breadth, metatibial fovea height 1.3× breadth (height 1.7× and 2.2× breadth in H. neotropicum, respectively); vertex and dorsum of meso- and metasoma with distinctive purplish-blue bands (faintly spotted in H. neotropicum); and T2 with large dark purplishblue spot (T2 with discrete bluish highlight in H. neotropicum). Description. Holotype, female (Fig. 6). Body length: 6.4 mm. Head. Breadth 1.2× high; least distance between antennal rims 0.7× MOD; scape 2.8× longer than its maximum width; F1 length 1.8× breadth, 1.6× F2, F2 slightly longer than F3; F3–F10 subequal in size; F11 slightly longer than F10; lower medial margin of clypeus straight; subantennal distance 0.5× MOD; malar space shorter than 0.2× MOD; gena progressively narrowed on half lower portion; POL 2× OL; 0.7× OOL; LID 1.7× scape length; eye height 1.3× breadth. Mesosoma. Anterolateral corner of pronotum bordered with discrete carina; lateral pronotal depression striate, with distinct lower pit; notaulus and parapsidal signum faintly marked; R1 2 v very short, barely visible; 2r-rs 2 v 1.9× longer than cu-a 2 v; mesotibial fovea height 1.4× breadth; metatibial fovea height 1.3× breadth; outer apical margin of tibiae with short, even, spines; meso- and metabasitarsomere with crown of short, evenly-sized, spines; venter of tarsomeres with apical, irregularly-sized, spines. Coloration. Head mostly metallic green, with purplish blue tints on vertex; base of mandible green; discrete golden highlights on frons and scapal basin; scape metallic green; pedicel and base of stipe bluish green; apex of clypeus, half distal portion of mandible and flagellomeres brown; mesosoma mainly metallic green, with medial purplish-blue bands on pronotum, scutum, scutellum; posterior declivity of metapectal-propodeal complex with purplish blue tints; bluish highlights on lateral procoxa, pronotum, and metapleuron-propodeum; tegula brown, with greenish highlight anteriorly; wing membrane light fuscous with brown veins; legs mostly metallic green, with discrete golden highlights on tibiae; basitarsomeres greenish brown, distal tarsomeres light brown; dorsum of metasoma mainly metallic green; T1 with posterior transverse bluish purple band; T2 with wide, dark, bluish purple spot occupying much of disc; T3 with T-like, anteromedial bluish purple band; T3 distal rim hyaline basolaterally; S1, S3, and laterotergites dark brown; S2 mostly dark brown, with metallic green band occupying half posterior portion. Sculpture. Vertex and frons densely foveate-punctate, except discrete impunctate polished area beside each lateral ocellus; lower gena longitudinally striate; scapal basin densely cross-ridged, upper border with impunctate, polished, transverse stripe; lower face punctulate-striate; clypeus punctulate-striate marginally, becoming sparser and non-striate on disc; scape punctulate; dorsum of mesosoma and mesopleuron densely foveate, larger and deeper on metanotum; scutellum with tiny punctures inserted on interspaces among larger foveae; lateral pronotum, posterior mesopleuron and half lower portion of metapleuron-propodeum transversely striate; upper half portion of metapleuron-propodeum distinctively polished; ventral surface of femora punctulate, distinctively denser on metafemora; metasomal terga densely sculptured becoming finer medially, particularly on T1 and T2; T3 slightly rugulose marginally; sterna punctulate, denser on laterotergites. Vestiture. Head with short, sparse, castaneous setae on vertex, becoming paler, sparser and longer on gena and occiput; clypeus with sparse, pale setae marginally; labrum with relatively long, castaneous, setae; outer surface of mandible with short, pale setae; scape with short, suberect, pale setae; flagellomeres with short, suberect, pale setae; eye glabrous (magnification above 100×); dorsum of mesosoma with short, erect, sparse, castaneous setae, denser on pronotum; propleuron with long, sparse, pale setae; wing membrane entirely setose; legs with abundant setae, femora and tibiae with some outstanding, long, yellowish pale setae; venter of tarsomeres with dense, evenly-sized, spine-like setae; dorsum of metasoma with abundant, suberect, yellowish pale setae, denser and longer on T3; S2 and S3 with long, dense, yellowish pale setae, denser and longer distally on S3. Male (Fig. 7). Same as female, except: scape 3.3× longer than its maximum width; POL 2.3× OL; eye height 1.4× breadth; 2r-rs 2 v just slightly longer than cu-a 2 v; outer apical margin of tibiae with short, irregularly-sized, spines; mesobasitarsomere lacking crown of spines; pre-apical swelling of T3 discernible only laterally; fainter bluish-purple bands on vertex, dorsum of mesosoma, and T3; metathorax bluer; sterna mostly dark brown, with metallic green band on disc of S2–S3; sculpturing of metasomal terga slightly coarser. Variation. Specimens vary from 5.8 to 6.6 mm in total body length. Material examined. Holotype ♀. BRAZIL, Paraíba: Prata, PA Zé Marcolino/ Anselmo, 07°38′3.74″S 37°1′24.98″W, 17.ix.2010, A. Silva (UFMG 1201713). Allotype ♂: Ceará: Ubajara, 03°50′50″S 40°53′23″W, 22.x.2011, F. C. V. Zanella (CEDU-UNILA: 1♂). Other paratypes: Baturité, 04°20′09″S 38°52′19″W, 30.iv.2014, Almeida, Lucena & Tavares (RPSP: 1♂). Baturité, 25.vii.1908, A. Ducke (MPEG: 1♀); 13.vii.1908 (MPEG 03006013: 1♂). Distribution. BRAZIL (Ceará, Paraíba) (Fig. 9). Host. Unknown. Remarks. The coarsely contiguous sculptured integument of H. oxente sp. nov., particularly on pronotum and metasoma, readily distinguish this species from H. neotropicum (see Fig. 8). The distinctive purplish-blue tints on vertex and dorsum of meso- and metasoma, and the large dark purplish-blue spot on T2 are also diagnostics for this species. The holotype and the allotype were collected in September and October, the peak of the dry season in the region. Coloration and vestiture of two paratypes from Baturité-CE in the MPEG are severely altered. We could assign them to H. oxente sp. nov. based on the shape of the metatibial fovea, the coarse and contiguous sculpturing on pronotum, and the large dark purplish-blue spot on T2. Three male specimens from Codó (Maranhão state, 17.vi.1907, A. Ducke, MPEG) previously recorded for northeastern Brazil as H. neotropicum (Ducke 1907, 1913) may represent a distinct species (see the Discussion section below). Because the coloration and vestiture of these male specimens are poorly preserved, we could not confidently assign them to H. oxente sp. nov., H. neotropicum, or interpret them as another new species. These three male specimens from Codó are therefore left unidentified until a confident conclusion can be drawn from their morphology. Etymology. “ oxente ” is a neutral interjection word. This is an expression spoken in northeastern Brazil to state admiration, astonishment, surprise., Published as part of Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V. & Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2022, Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on pages 212-216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7359903, {"references":["Ducke, A. (1907) Contribution a la connaissance de la faune hymenopterogique du Nord-Est du Bresil. Revue d'Entomologie, 26, 73 - 96.","Ducke, A. (1913) As Chrysididas do Brazil. Catalogos da fauna Brazileira, Museu Paulista, 4, 1 - 31."]}

Relicthemisia subgen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 361E0AE3-2711-4089-974A-DA742A130E52 Figs 1���4 Type species Centris xanthomelaena Moure & Castro, 2001 Diagnosis Integument dark brown to black, clypeus and labrum coriaceous with coarse and dense punctation, but the clypeus with an unpunctated area as a median longitudinal band on upper half (Fig. 1A). Female Inner orbits of compound eyes converging downward (Fig. 1A). Mandible with four apically acute teeth, the fourth tooth slightly larger than the third (Fig. 1A). Basitibial plate elliptical, with S-like secondary plate (Fig. 2A). Elaiospathes normally developed. Male Clypeus, except lateral areas, and labrum yellow (Fig. 1C). Yellow spots on paraocular and supraclypeal areas (Fig. 1C). Apical margin of T7 with strong emargination (Fig. 2B). S7 without emargination on the basal border (Fig. 2B). S8, apical projection clearly defined, larger at middle and with rounded apex (Fig. 2C). Genital capsule with long dorsoapical projection of gonocoxite, ca 2/3 lengths of gonostylus (Fig. 2E). Etymology From Latin ��� relictus ��� (a survivor from a previous age) plus ��� Hemisia ��� (a junior synonym of Centris) due to the antiquity and isolation of this lineage. Remarks Centris xanthomelaena, the only species of the new subgenus Relicthemisia, was recognized as a distinct lineage with no close relationship to other species, based on morphological (Zanella 2002) and molecular data (Martins & Melo 2015). Depending on the study, the phylogenetic position of this lineage was different, either as sister group of Centris s. str. or Paracentris Cameron, 1903 respectively. Nevertheless, it was always recovered as a distinct and relatively old lineage within the ��� Centris group���. According to Martins & Melo (2015), C. xanthomelaena diverged from a South American clade formed by Paracentris around 18 million years ago, at about the same time when the major lineages within the ��� Centris group��� diverged from each other. The hypothetical relationship of this species with Centris s. str. was based on the interpretation of two morphological characters: the strong emargination on the apical margin of T7 (Fig. 2B; character 25: 0 in Zanella 2002) and the short and wide translucent laminar projection on the dorsodistal region of the gonocoxite at the base of the long, giant bristles (Fig. 2E���F; character 44: 1 in Zanella 2002), but the states present in C. xanthomelaena are clearly unique and cannot be homologous to those present in species of Centris s. str. Despite the fact that new phylogenetic analyses using a higher number of terminals of Centris s. str. and Paracentris can provide new information regarding the history and relatedness of the lineage of C. xanthomelaena, its distinctness and old history are well supported (see Martins & Melo 2015). Besides the uniqueness of the intense yellow slightly greenish pilosity covering the head, mesosoma (except the ventral surface) and on the anterior half of T1 that allow to easily recognize C. xanthomelaena from other species of the genus (Fig. 1A���D), this monotypic subgenus presents a unique combination of characters of the male���s genitalia that distinguishes it from the other members of the ��� Centris group���: an emargination on the apical margin of T7 (Fig. 2B); a long dorsoapical projection of gonocoxite, ca 2/3 lengths of gonostylus (Fig. 2E); the dorsomedial projections of the genital capsule (Fig. 2E), as well as the S-like lower margin of the female���s secondary basitibial plate (Fig. 2A)., Published as part of Vivallo, Felipe & Zanella, Fernando C��sar Vieira, 2021, Relicthemisia, a new subgenus of the oil-collecting bee genus Centris Fabricius, 1804 with notes on distribution and host plants of C. xanthomelaena Moure & Castro, 2001 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), pp. 1-15 in European Journal of Taxonomy 760 on pages 3-4, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.760.1435, http://zenodo.org/record/5101739, {"references":["Moure J. S. & Castro M. 2001. Uma nova especie de Centris Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophoridae) do Nordeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 18: 329 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752001000500028","Zanella F. C. V. 2002. Sistematica, filogenia e distribuicao geografica das especies sul-americanas de Centris (Paracentris) Cameron, 1903 e de Centris (Penthemisia) Moure, 1950, incluindo uma analise filogenetica do grupo Centris, sensu Ayala, 1998 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Centridini). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 46: 435 - 488. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262002000400001","Martins A. C. & Melo G. A. R. 2015. The new world oil-collecting bees Centris and Epicharis (Hymenoptera, Apidae): molecular phylogeny and biogeographic history. Zoologica Scripta 45: 22 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12133","Cameron P. 1903. Descriptions of new species of Hymenoptera taken by Mr Edward Whymper on the ' higher Andes of the Equator'. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 29: 225 - 328."]}

Centris (Relicthemisia) xanthomelaena Moure & Castro, 2001 Figs 1–4 Centris ‘ xanthomelaena ’ Vogel & Machado, 1991: 163–175, figs 6a–b, 9a, h (distribution, floral records, pollination). Nomen nudum. Centris (Paracentris) xanthomelaena – Moure & Castro 2001: 330–332, figs 1–4 (original description). — Silveira et al. 2002: 98, 253 (distribution, list). — Urban 2003: 24, 43 (taxonomic note, cited). — Azevedo & Silveira 2005: 45 (cited). — Batalha Filho et al. 2007: 25 (distribution record). — Moure et al. 2007: 120 (catalogue). — Azevedo et al. 2008: 143 (distribution record). — Machado & Sazima 2008: 488 (floral record). — Rodarte et al. 2008: 307 (distribution record). — Pigozzo & Viana 2010: 105 (distribution record). — Vivallo & Zanella 2012: 4, 6, 8–9, 13– 14, figs 37–38, 77–78 (distribution, key). — Giannini et al. 2013: 78 (list). — Silva 2014: 188 (distribution record). — Martins et al. 2018: 770, figs 1–2 (bionomy, nesting behavior, distribution record). — Barenbaum 2019: 222 (bionomy, sleeping behavior). — Carneiro et al. 2019: 219 (distribution and floral records). Centris xanthomelaena – Zanella 2002: 438, 444, 447, 451, 453, 455, 457, 459, 483, 485, 486, figs 26, 164–170 (diagnosis, male description, distribution map, morphological characters, phylogenetic relationships). — Aguiar 2003a: 42, 43 (distribution and floral records); 2003b: 464 (floral record). — Zanella 2003: 234 (list). — Aguiar et al. 2005: 249 (distribution record). — Aguiar & Zanella 2005: 17, 19 (distribution record). — Azevedo & Silveira 2005: 47 (cited). — Prevedello & Carvalho 2006: 45 (cited). — Zanella & Vivallo 2009: 68 (cited). — Martins & Melo 2015: 7–8, 10 (phylogenetic relationships). — Martins et al. 2018: 771, 772 (sleeping behavior). — Carneiro et al. 2019: 216, 220 (distribution and floral records, pollinator). Diagnosis Female Integument dark brown to black, except flagellum dark brown and tegula yellowish brown (Fig. 1A–B). Wings brown with veins dark brown (Fig. 1B). Head, mesosoma (except the ventral surface) and anterior half of T1 with intense yellow slightly greenish pilosity, lighter on labrum and gena (Fig. 1A–B). The rest of the body with blackish hairs, except posterior apex of the femur of forelegs with some yellowish hairs (Fig. 1A–B). Clypeus coriaceous with coarse and dense punctation (Fig. 1A). Clypeal disc with an unpunctated area on upper half, without smooth longitudinal band. Labrum with the same punctation, but denser, without smooth basal margin. Terga and sterna, except T6 and S6, with very narrow smooth distal margin, wider on T4. Mandible with four apically acute teeth (Fig. 1A). Fourth teeth slightly larger than the third (Fig. 1A). Maxillary palpus 4-segmented. Malar area very narrow (Fig. 1A). Labrum semicircular (Fig. 1A). Inner orbits of compound eyes converging downward (Fig. 1A). Elaiospathes normally developed. Basitibial plate elliptical, with S-like secondary plate (Fig. 2A). S2–S4 projected in the middle. Apex of primary pygidial plate slightly rounded with the apex of the secondary plate open and slightly projected towards the distal edge of the primary plate (Fig. 2D). Male Similar to the female, except for the following characters: integument dark brown to black, except basal segments of the flagellum brown and apical segments slightly orange (Fig. 1C–D). Supraclypeal area, discs of clypeus and labrum yellow (Fig. 1C–D). Tegula yellowish brown. Clypeal disc with small unpunctated area on upper half, without smooth longitudinal band. Terga and sterna, except T7 and S6, with relatively broad light brown smooth distal margin, wider on T4. Mandible with three apically acute teeth (Fig. 1C). Distance between clypeus and compound eyes shorter than half of the shortest diameter of F1 (Fig. 1C). Apical margin of the hind tibia without tooth-like projection. Apical half of fore and middle basitarsi without a row of long, erect, slightly spatulate and curved setae similar to an elaiospathe. Pygidial plate absent. Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Bahia State • ♀; Milagres; 28 Jan. 1998; 10h50; Marina Siqueira de Castro leg.; Chamaechrista amiciela (Caesalpiniaceae)\1070; LABE/EBDA (not examined). Paratypes BRAZIL – Bahia State • 1 ♀; Milagres; 12º88.280´S, 39º92.298´W; 28 Jan. 1998; 10h45; Marina Siqueira de Castro leg.; Chamaechrista amiciela (Caesalpiniaceae)\1069; LABE/EBDA (not examined) • 1 ♀; Milagres; 12º88.280´S, 39º92.298´W; 31 Mar. 1997; 10h30; Marina Siqueira de Castro leg.; in Stimaphyllom auriculatum (Malpighiaceae); DZUP (not examined). Material examined (specimens labeled as paratype or holotype below do not belong to the type series) BRAZIL – Alagoas State • 1 ♀; Piranhas, Poço da Ingazeira; 9º50.594´S, 37º88.113´W; 28 Oct. 2005; Debora Moura leg.; \ “ Centris xanthomelaena Moure & Castro 2001 Schlindwein Det. ” \ HYAP 4004; UNILA. – Bahia State • 1 ♀; Curaçá, Faz. Humaitá; 9º07´262˝ S, 39º42´859˝ W; 440 m a.s.l.; 4 May 2011; PPBIO Caatinga; F.C.V. Zanella leg.; \ HYAP 0582, UNILA • 1 ♀; Monte Santo; 10º43.958´S, 39º33.566´W; 3 Feb. 2000; w.c.; Malpighiaceae \ HYAP 9706, UNILA • 2 ♀♀; Camacari, Dunas de Tauá; 12º71.621´S, 38º36.842´W; 24 Nov. 1993; J. Becker leg. [†]; MNRJ • 1 ♂; Maracás; 13°26.467´S, 40°25.850´W; 20 Jan. 1963 \ “Coleção Campos Seabra” \ J. Becker leg. \ “ Centris Xanthemisia bicolor Lepeletier ” \ “ C. Paracentris xanthomelaena A.A. Azevedo Det. ” [†]; MNRJ • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Dias D’Avila; 12º60.621´S, 38º34.028´W; 2 Dec. 1951; Luiz Carlos leg. [†]; MNRJ • 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂; Dias D’Avila; 12º60.621´S, 38º34.028´W; 16 Dec. 1951; Luiz Carlos leg. [†]; MNRJ • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; Ipirá, Santa Quitéria; 12º15.642´S, 39º76.319´W; 6 Jan. 2010; K. Ramos and V. Kanamura leg. [†]; MNRJ. – Minas Gerais State • 1 ♀; Conego Marinho; 15º18˝ S, 44º25˝ W; 1 Apr. 1988; Nereu leg. 880824 \ “ C. (Paracentris) sp. nov. Det. Moure, 1992” \ “Parátipo Centris xanthomelaena sp. nov. F. Zanella, 1999”; RPSP • 1 ♂; Conego Marinho; 15º18˝ S, 44º25˝ W; 29 Mar. 1988; Nereu leg. 880654\ “ex Penthemisia Moure, 1950 Det. Moure 1992” \ “ C. (Paracentris) sp. nov. Det. Moure, 1998” \ “Parátipo Centris xanthomelaena sp. nov. F. Zanella, 1999”; RPSP. – Paraíba State • 1 ♀; Patos; 7º03.860´S, 37º31.445´W; 16 Aug. 2002; Gisllyana leg.; HYAP 9300; UNILA. – Pernambuco State • 1 ♀; Alagoinha; 8º46.622´S, 36º78.423´W; 18 Jun. 1987; I.C.S Machado leg.; in Ruellia sp. \ “ C. (Paracentris) sp. nov., Det. Moure 1992” \ “Holótipo Centris xanthomelaena sp. nov. F. Zanella, 1999”; RPSP • 1 ♀; Buique, Vale do Catimbau; 8º49.210´S, 37º50.180´W; 17 Mar. 2005; R. Pick leg. \ “ Centris xanthomelaena Moure & Castro 2001 Schlindwein Det. ” \; HYAP 4002; UNILA. – Rio Grande do Norte State • 1 ♂; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC Seridó; 6º66.572´S, 37º40.515´W; 12 Aug. 1995; F. Zanella leg.\ 0938 10b03\ HYAP 9705; UNILA • 2 ♀♀; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC; 6º66.572´S, 37º40.515´W; 13 Mar. 2005; F. Zanella leg.; em pl. 1 roxa 10h\ HYAP 4601; UNILA • 1 ♂; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC Seridó; 6º66.572´S, 37º40.515´W; 5 Jul. 2005; F. Zanella leg.; pl. 27 Chamaechrista 13h \ HYAP 4598; UNILA • 1 ♀; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC Seridó; 6º66.572´S, 37º40.515´W; 22 May 2005; F. Zanella leg. \ HYAP 4600; UNILA • 1 ♀; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC Seridó; 6º66.572´S, 37º40.515´W; 12 Jun. 2005; F. Zanella leg.; Krameria sp. 14h \ HYAP 4853; UNILA • 1 ♂; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC Seridó; 6º66.572´S, 37º40.515´W; 8 Apr. 2005; F. Zanella leg.; Voando sobre arbusto 17h [†]; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Santana do Seridó; 6º46˝ S, 36º44˝ W; 10 Aug. 2007; J.M.F. Camargo leg.; 07.1024; RPSP. Type locality Brazil: Bahia State: Milagres. Distribution Endemic to northeastern Brazil, being recorded mainly in the dry open Caatinga vegetation (Fig. 3). The only record in central Brazil, Mato Grosso State, needs confirmation. Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Serra Negra do Norte (Zanella 2002, 2003; Aguiar et al. 2003; Silva 2014), *Santana do Seridó. Paraíba State: (Silveira et al. 2002). *Patos. Pernambuco State: Alagoinha (Vogel & Machado 1991; Machado & Sazima 2008). Petrolina (Xavier et al. 2016; Martins et al. 2018). Salgueiro (Xavier et al. 2016). *Buique. Alagoas State: *Piranhas. Bahia State: Canudos (Pigozzo & Viana 2010; Silva 2014). Ibiraba (Rodarte et al. 2008). Itatim (Aguiar 2003a, 2003b; Aguiar et al. 2003; Aguiar & Zanella 2005; Silva 2014). Jequié (Batalha Filho et al. 2007; Silva 2014). Juazeiro (Coelho et al. 2018). Milagres (Moure & Castro 2001; Silva 2014). Monte Santo (Zanella 2002; Aguiar et al. 2003). Xique-Xique (Carneiro et al. 2019). *Camacari (Dunas de Tauá), *Dias D’Ávila, *Ipirá (Santa Quitéria), *Maracás. Mato Grosso State: cf. Serra do Roncador (Zanella 2002). Minas Gerais State: Botumirim (Azevedo et al. 2008). Cônego Marinho (Zanella 2002).

Centris (Relicthemisia) xanthomelaena Moure & Castro, 2001 Figs 1���4 Centris ��� xanthomelaena ��� Vogel & Machado, 1991: 163���175, figs 6a���b, 9a, h (distribution, floral records, pollination). Nomen nudum. Centris (Paracentris) xanthomelaena ��� Moure & Castro 2001: 330���332, figs 1���4 (original description). ��� Silveira et al. 2002: 98, 253 (distribution, list). ��� Urban 2003: 24, 43 (taxonomic note, cited). ��� Azevedo & Silveira 2005: 45 (cited). ��� Batalha Filho et al. 2007: 25 (distribution record). ��� Moure et al. 2007: 120 (catalogue). ��� Azevedo et al. 2008: 143 (distribution record). ��� Machado & Sazima 2008: 488 (floral record). ��� Rodarte et al. 2008: 307 (distribution record). ��� Pigozzo & Viana 2010: 105 (distribution record). ��� Vivallo & Zanella 2012: 4, 6, 8���9, 13��� 14, figs 37���38, 77���78 (distribution, key). ��� Giannini et al. 2013: 78 (list). ��� Silva 2014: 188 (distribution record). ��� Martins et al. 2018: 770, figs 1���2 (bionomy, nesting behavior, distribution record). ��� Barenbaum 2019: 222 (bionomy, sleeping behavior). ��� Carneiro et al. 2019: 219 (distribution and floral records). Centris xanthomelaena ��� Zanella 2002: 438, 444, 447, 451, 453, 455, 457, 459, 483, 485, 486, figs 26, 164���170 (diagnosis, male description, distribution map, morphological characters, phylogenetic relationships). ��� Aguiar 2003a: 42, 43 (distribution and floral records); 2003b: 464 (floral record). ��� Zanella 2003: 234 (list). ��� Aguiar et al. 2005: 249 (distribution record). ��� Aguiar & Zanella 2005: 17, 19 (distribution record). ��� Azevedo & Silveira 2005: 47 (cited). ��� Prevedello & Carvalho 2006: 45 (cited). ��� Zanella & Vivallo 2009: 68 (cited). ��� Martins & Melo 2015: 7���8, 10 (phylogenetic relationships). ��� Martins et al. 2018: 771, 772 (sleeping behavior). ��� Carneiro et al. 2019: 216, 220 (distribution and floral records, pollinator). Diagnosis Female Integument dark brown to black, except flagellum dark brown and tegula yellowish brown (Fig. 1A���B). Wings brown with veins dark brown (Fig. 1B). Head, mesosoma (except the ventral surface) and anterior half of T1 with intense yellow slightly greenish pilosity, lighter on labrum and gena (Fig. 1A���B). The rest of the body with blackish hairs, except posterior apex of the femur of forelegs with some yellowish hairs (Fig. 1A���B). Clypeus coriaceous with coarse and dense punctation (Fig. 1A). Clypeal disc with an unpunctated area on upper half, without smooth longitudinal band. Labrum with the same punctation, but denser, without smooth basal margin. Terga and sterna, except T6 and S6, with very narrow smooth distal margin, wider on T4. Mandible with four apically acute teeth (Fig. 1A). Fourth teeth slightly larger than the third (Fig. 1A). Maxillary palpus 4-segmented. Malar area very narrow (Fig. 1A). Labrum semicircular (Fig. 1A). Inner orbits of compound eyes converging downward (Fig. 1A). Elaiospathes normally developed. Basitibial plate elliptical, with S-like secondary plate (Fig. 2A). S2���S4 projected in the middle. Apex of primary pygidial plate slightly rounded with the apex of the secondary plate open and slightly projected towards the distal edge of the primary plate (Fig. 2D). Male Similar to the female, except for the following characters: integument dark brown to black, except basal segments of the flagellum brown and apical segments slightly orange (Fig. 1C���D). Supraclypeal area, discs of clypeus and labrum yellow (Fig. 1C���D). Tegula yellowish brown. Clypeal disc with small unpunctated area on upper half, without smooth longitudinal band. Terga and sterna, except T7 and S6, with relatively broad light brown smooth distal margin, wider on T4. Mandible with three apically acute teeth (Fig. 1C). Distance between clypeus and compound eyes shorter than half of the shortest diameter of F1 (Fig. 1C). Apical margin of the hind tibia without tooth-like projection. Apical half of fore and middle basitarsi without a row of long, erect, slightly spatulate and curved setae similar to an elaiospathe. Pygidial plate absent. Type material Holotype BRAZIL ��� Bahia State ��� ♀; Milagres; 28 Jan. 1998; 10h50; Marina Siqueira de Castro leg.; Chamaechrista amiciela (Caesalpiniaceae)\1070; LABE/EBDA (not examined). Paratypes BRAZIL ��� Bahia State ��� 1 ♀; Milagres; 12��88.280��S, 39��92.298��W; 28 Jan. 1998; 10h45; Marina Siqueira de Castro leg.; Chamaechrista amiciela (Caesalpiniaceae)\1069; LABE/EBDA (not examined) ��� 1 ♀; Milagres; 12��88.280��S, 39��92.298��W; 31 Mar. 1997; 10h30; Marina Siqueira de Castro leg.; in Stimaphyllom auriculatum (Malpighiaceae); DZUP (not examined). Material examined (specimens labeled as paratype or holotype below do not belong to the type series) BRAZIL ��� Alagoas State ��� 1 ♀; Piranhas, Po��o da Ingazeira; 9��50.594��S, 37��88.113��W; 28 Oct. 2005; Debora Moura leg.; \ ��� Centris xanthomelaena Moure & Castro 2001 Schlindwein Det. ��� \ HYAP 4004; UNILA. ��� Bahia State ��� 1 ♀; Cura����, Faz. Humait��; 9��07��262˝ S, 39��42��859˝ W; 440 m a.s.l.; 4 May 2011; PPBIO Caatinga; F.C.V. Zanella leg.; \ HYAP 0582, UNILA ��� 1 ♀; Monte Santo; 10��43.958��S, 39��33.566��W; 3 Feb. 2000; w.c.; Malpighiaceae \ HYAP 9706, UNILA ��� 2 ♀♀; Camacari, Dunas de Tau��; 12��71.621��S, 38��36.842��W; 24 Nov. 1993; J. Becker leg. [���]; MNRJ ��� 1 ♂; Marac��s; 13��26.467��S, 40��25.850��W; 20 Jan. 1963 \ ���Cole����o Campos Seabra��� \ J. Becker leg. \ ��� Centris Xanthemisia bicolor Lepeletier ��� \ ��� C. Paracentris xanthomelaena A.A. Azevedo Det. ��� [���]; MNRJ ��� 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Dias D���Avila; 12��60.621��S, 38��34.028��W; 2 Dec. 1951; Luiz Carlos leg. [���]; MNRJ ��� 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂; Dias D���Avila; 12��60.621��S, 38��34.028��W; 16 Dec. 1951; Luiz Carlos leg. [���]; MNRJ ��� 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; Ipir��, Santa Quit��ria; 12��15.642��S, 39��76.319��W; 6 Jan. 2010; K. Ramos and V. Kanamura leg. [���]; MNRJ. ��� Minas Gerais State ��� 1 ♀; Conego Marinho; 15��18˝ S, 44��25˝ W; 1 Apr. 1988; Nereu leg. 880824 \ ��� C. (Paracentris) sp. nov. Det. Moure, 1992��� \ ���Par��tipo Centris xanthomelaena sp. nov. F. Zanella, 1999���; RPSP ��� 1 ♂; Conego Marinho; 15��18˝ S, 44��25˝ W; 29 Mar. 1988; Nereu leg. 880654\ ���ex Penthemisia Moure, 1950 Det. Moure 1992��� \ ��� C. (Paracentris) sp. nov. Det. Moure, 1998��� \ ���Par��tipo Centris xanthomelaena sp. nov. F. Zanella, 1999���; RPSP. ��� Para��ba State ��� 1 ♀; Patos; 7��03.860��S, 37��31.445��W; 16 Aug. 2002; Gisllyana leg.; HYAP 9300; UNILA. ��� Pernambuco State ��� 1 ♀; Alagoinha; 8��46.622��S, 36��78.423��W; 18 Jun. 1987; I.C.S Machado leg.; in Ruellia sp. \ ��� C. (Paracentris) sp. nov., Det. Moure 1992��� \ ���Hol��tipo Centris xanthomelaena sp. nov. F. Zanella, 1999���; RPSP ��� 1 ♀; Buique, Vale do Catimbau; 8��49.210��S, 37��50.180��W; 17 Mar. 2005; R. Pick leg. \ ��� Centris xanthomelaena Moure & Castro 2001 Schlindwein Det. ��� \; HYAP 4002; UNILA. ��� Rio Grande do Norte State ��� 1 ♂; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC Serid��; 6��66.572��S, 37��40.515��W; 12 Aug. 1995; F. Zanella leg.\ 0938 10b03\ HYAP 9705; UNILA ��� 2 ♀♀; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC; 6��66.572��S, 37��40.515��W; 13 Mar. 2005; F. Zanella leg.; em pl. 1 roxa 10h\ HYAP 4601; UNILA ��� 1 ♂; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC Serid��; 6��66.572��S, 37��40.515��W; 5 Jul. 2005; F. Zanella leg.; pl. 27 Chamaechrista 13h \ HYAP 4598; UNILA ��� 1 ♀; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC Serid��; 6��66.572��S, 37��40.515��W; 22 May 2005; F. Zanella leg. \ HYAP 4600; UNILA ��� 1 ♀; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC Serid��; 6��66.572��S, 37��40.515��W; 12 Jun. 2005; F. Zanella leg.; Krameria sp. 14h \ HYAP 4853; UNILA ��� 1 ♂; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEC Serid��; 6��66.572��S, 37��40.515��W; 8 Apr. 2005; F. Zanella leg.; Voando sobre arbusto 17h [���]; MNRJ ��� 1 ♀; Santana do Serid��; 6��46˝ S, 36��44˝ W; 10 Aug. 2007; J.M.F. Camargo leg.; 07.1024; RPSP. Type locality Brazil: Bahia State: Milagres. Distribution Endemic to northeastern Brazil, being recorded mainly in the dry open Caatinga vegetation (Fig. 3). The only record in central Brazil, Mato Grosso State, needs confirmation. Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte State: Serra Negra do Norte (Zanella 2002, 2003; Aguiar et al. 2003; Silva 2014), *Santana do Serid��. Para��ba State: (Silveira et al. 2002). *Patos. Pernambuco State: Alagoinha (Vogel & Machado 1991; Machado & Sazima 2008). Petrolina (Xavier et al. 2016; Martins et al. 2018). Salgueiro (Xavier et al. 2016). *Buique. Alagoas State: *Piranhas. Bahia State: Canudos (Pigozzo & Viana 2010; Silva 2014). Ibiraba (Rodarte et al. 2008). Itatim (Aguiar 2003a, 2003b; Aguiar et al. 2003; Aguiar & Zanella 2005; Silva 2014). Jequi�� (Batalha Filho et al. 2007; Silva 2014). Juazeiro (Coelho et al. 2018). Milagres (Moure & Castro 2001; Silva 2014). Monte Santo (Zanella 2002; Aguiar et al. 2003). Xique-Xique (Carneiro et al. 2019). *Camacari (Dunas de Tau��), *Dias D�����vila, *Ipir�� (Santa Quit��ria), *Marac��s. Mato Grosso State: cf. Serra do Roncador (Zanella 2002). Minas Gerais State: Botumirim (Azevedo et al. 2008). C��nego Marinho (Zanella 2002)., Published as part of Vivallo, Felipe & Zanella, Fernando C��sar Vieira, 2021, Relicthemisia, a new subgenus of the oil-collecting bee genus Centris Fabricius, 1804 with notes on distribution and host plants of C. xanthomelaena Moure & Castro, 2001 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), pp. 1-15 in European Journal of Taxonomy 760 on pages 4-8, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.760.1435, http://zenodo.org/record/5101739, {"references":["Moure J. S. & Castro M. 2001. Uma nova especie de Centris Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophoridae) do Nordeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 18: 329 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752001000500028","Vogel S. & Machado I. C. 1991. Pollination of four sympatric species of Angelonia (Scrophulariaceae) by oil-collecting bees in NE. Brazil. Plant Systematics and Evolution 178: 153 - 178.","Silveira F. A., Melo G. A. R. & Almeida E. A. B. 2002. Abelhas Brasileiras Sistematica e Identificacao. Fundacao Araucaria, Belo Horizonte.","Urban D. 2003. Catalogo das abelhas publicadas por Jesus Santiago Moure. In: Melo G. A. R & Alvesdos-Santos I. (eds) Apoidea Neotropica: Homenagem aos 90 Anos de Jesus Santiago Moure: 11 - 43. Editora UNESC, Criciuma.","Azevedo A. A. & Silveira F. A. 2005. Two new species of Centris (Trachina) Klug, 1807 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with a note on Centris pachysoma Cockerell, 1919. Lundiana 6: 41 - 48.","Batalha Filho H., Nunes L. A., Pereira D. G. & Waldschmidt A. M. 2007. Inventario da fauna de abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) em uma area de Caatinga da regiao de Jequie, BA. Bioscience Journal 23: 24 - 29. Available from http: // www. seer. ufu. br / index. php / biosciencejournal / article / view / 6801 [accessed 16 Jun. 2021].","Moure J. S., Melo G. A. R. & Vivallo F. 2007. Centridini Cockerell & Cockerell. In: Moure J. S., Urban D. & Melo G. A. R. (eds) Catalogue of Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in the Neotropical Region. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia, Curitiba.","Azevedo A. A., Silveira F. A., Aguiar C. M. L. & Pereira V. S. 2008. Fauna de abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) nos campos rupestres da Cadeia do Espinhaco (Minas Gerais e Bahia, Brasil): riqueza de especies, padroes de distribuicao e ameacas para conservacao. Megadiversidade 4: 126 - 157. Available from https: // www. conservation. org / docs / default-source / brasil / megadiversidade _ espinhaco. pdf [accessed 1 May 2020].","Machado I. C. & Sazima M. 2008. Pollination and breeding system of Melochia tomentosa L. (Malvaceae), a keystone floral resource in the Brazilian Caatinga. Flora 203: 484 - 490. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. flora. 2007.09.003","Rodarte A. T. A., Silva F. O. & Viana B. F. 2008. A flora melitofila de uma area de dunas com vegetacao de caatinga, Estado da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 22: 301 - 312. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0102 - 33062008000200001","Pigozzo C. M. & Viana B. F. 2010. Estrutura da rede de interacoes entre flores e abelhas em ambiente de Caatinga. Oecologia Australis 14: 100 - 114. https: // doi. org / 10.4257 / oeco. 2010.1401.04","Vivallo F. & Zanella F. C. V. 2012. A new species of Centris (Paracentris) Cameron, 1903 from northeastern Brazil, with a key for the Centris species of the Caatinga region (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Zootaxa 3298: 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3298.1.1","Giannini T. C., Pinto C. E., Acosta A. L., Taniguchi M., Saraiva A. M. & Alves-dos-Santos I. 2013. Interactions at large spatial scale: the case of Centris bees and floral oil producing plants in South America. Ecological Modelling 258: 74 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ecolmodel. 2013.02.032","Silva E. M. 2014. Lista de especies de Apidae (Hymenoptera) do semiarido com base na literatura especializada. In: Bravo F. & Calor A. (eds) Artropodes do Semiarido Biodiversidade e Conservacao: 181 - 202. Printmidia, Feira de Santana. Available from https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 265726779 [accessed 10 Sep. 2019].","Martins H. O. L., Oliveira-Reboucas P. & Ferreira V. S. 2018. Sleeping aggregation of an oil-collecting bee, Centris (Paracentris) xanthomelaena Moure & Castro (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini). Sociobiology 65: 770 - 772. https: // doi. org / 10.13102 / sociobiology. v 65 i 4.3452","Barenbaum M. 2019. Catching ZZZZs. American Entomologist 65: 220 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ae / tmz 060","Carneiro L. T., Andre C. B. D., Takahasi A. & Alves-dos-Santos I. 2019. Interactions between oil-collecting bees and Krameria grandiflora (Krameriaceae) with emphasis on the role of specialized floral traits in the mutual fit. Arthropod Plant Interactions 13: 213 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11829 - 019 - 09689 - w","Zanella F. C. V. 2002. Sistematica, filogenia e distribuicao geografica das especies sul-americanas de Centris (Paracentris) Cameron, 1903 e de Centris (Penthemisia) Moure, 1950, incluindo uma analise filogenetica do grupo Centris, sensu Ayala, 1998 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Centridini). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 46: 435 - 488. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262002000400001","Aguiar C. M. L. 2003 a. Flower visits of Centris bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in an area of Caatinga (Bahia, Brazil). Studies on Neotropical Fauna Environment 38: 41 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.1076 / snfe. 38.1.41.14029","Zanella F. C. V. 2003. Abelhas da Estacao Ecologica do Serido (Serra Negra do Norte, RN): aportes ao conhecimento da diversidade, abundancia e distribuicao espacial das especies na Caatinga. In: Melo G. A. R. & Alves-dos-Santos I. (eds) Apoidea Neotropica: Homenagem aos 90 Anos de Jesus Santiago Moure: 231 - 240. Editora UNESC, Criciuma. 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Zoologica Scripta 45: 22 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12133","Moure J. S. 1950. Alguns agrupamentos novos de abelhas neotropicais. Dusenia 1: 385 - 396.","Aguiar C. M. L., Zanella F. C. V., Martins C. F. & Carvalho C. A. L. 2003. Plantas visitadas por Centris spp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) na Caatinga para obtencao de recursos florais. Neotropical Entomology 32: 247 - 259. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1519 - 566 X 2003000200009","Xavier J. R. S., Santana E. G. R., Silva T. S. & Silva A. C. R. A. 2016. Diversidade de abelhas em areas de Caatinga strictu sensu. In: Anais do I Congresso Internacional de Diversidade do Semiarido. Available from http: // www. editorarealize. com. br / artigo / visualizar / 23715 [accessed 23 Apr. 2020].","Aguiar C. M. L. 2003 b. Utilizacao de recursos florais por abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) em uma area de Caatinga (Itatim, Bahia, Brasil). 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Relicthemisia subgen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 361E0AE3-2711-4089-974A-DA742A130E52 Figs 1–4 Type species Centris xanthomelaena Moure & Castro, 2001 Diagnosis Integument dark brown to black, clypeus and labrum coriaceous with coarse and dense punctation, but the clypeus with an unpunctated area as a median longitudinal band on upper half (Fig. 1A). Female Inner orbits of compound eyes converging downward (Fig. 1A). Mandible with four apically acute teeth, the fourth tooth slightly larger than the third (Fig. 1A). Basitibial plate elliptical, with S-like secondary plate (Fig. 2A). Elaiospathes normally developed. Male Clypeus, except lateral areas, and labrum yellow (Fig. 1C). Yellow spots on paraocular and supraclypeal areas (Fig. 1C). Apical margin of T7 with strong emargination (Fig. 2B). S7 without emargination on the basal border (Fig. 2B). S8, apical projection clearly defined, larger at middle and with rounded apex (Fig. 2C). Genital capsule with long dorsoapical projection of gonocoxite, ca 2/3 lengths of gonostylus (Fig. 2E). Etymology From Latin ‘ relictus ’ (a survivor from a previous age) plus ‘ Hemisia ’ (a junior synonym of Centris) due to the antiquity and isolation of this lineage. Remarks Centris xanthomelaena, the only species of the new subgenus Relicthemisia, was recognized as a distinct lineage with no close relationship to other species, based on morphological (Zanella 2002) and molecular data (Martins & Melo 2015). Depending on the study, the phylogenetic position of this lineage was different, either as sister group of Centris s. str. or Paracentris Cameron, 1903 respectively. Nevertheless, it was always recovered as a distinct and relatively old lineage within the ‘ Centris group’. According to Martins & Melo (2015), C. xanthomelaena diverged from a South American clade formed by Paracentris around 18 million years ago, at about the same time when the major lineages within the ‘ Centris group’ diverged from each other. The hypothetical relationship of this species with Centris s. str. was based on the interpretation of two morphological characters: the strong emargination on the apical margin of T7 (Fig. 2B; character 25: 0 in Zanella 2002) and the short and wide translucent laminar projection on the dorsodistal region of the gonocoxite at the base of the long, giant bristles (Fig. 2E–F; character 44: 1 in Zanella 2002), but the states present in C. xanthomelaena are clearly unique and cannot be homologous to those present in species of Centris s. str. Despite the fact that new phylogenetic analyses using a higher number of terminals of Centris s. str. and Paracentris can provide new information regarding the history and relatedness of the lineage of C. xanthomelaena, its distinctness and old history are well supported (see Martins & Melo 2015). Besides the uniqueness of the intense yellow slightly greenish pilosity covering the head, mesosoma (except the ventral surface) and on the anterior half of T1 that allow to easily recognize C. xanthomelaena from other species of the genus (Fig. 1A–D), this monotypic subgenus presents a unique combination of characters of the male’s genitalia that distinguishes it from the other members of the ‘ Centris group’: an emargination on the apical margin of T7 (Fig. 2B); a long dorsoapical projection of gonocoxite, ca 2/3 lengths of gonostylus (Fig. 2E); the dorsomedial projections of the genital capsule (Fig. 2E), as well as the S-like lower margin of the female’s secondary basitibial plate (Fig. 2A).

The Centris bees of the Caatinga region The Caatinga, the semiarid region of northeast portion of Brazil, extends across the states of Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia and the northern part of Minas Gerais (see Zanella 2000, 2003 and references therein). Studies on the bee fauna of the Caatinga have revealed some very relevant aspects, such as the presence of endemic species and some examples of relatively complex relationships between elements of its flora and their pollinators, mainly native bees (Zanella & Martins, 2003). Different papers (listed in the Table 1), have shown the importance of Centris in the pollination ecology of the flora of the Caatinga, mainly through their role in the reproduction of plant species that offer oil as a reward. A list of the Centris species that occur in the Caatinga can be found in Table 1. Species State* Reference C. hyptidis Ducke BA Aguiar et al. (2003) PB Aguiar et al. (1995, 2003); Aguiar & Martins (1997) PE Machado & Lopes (2003) RN Zanella (2003); Aguiar et al. (2003) C. (Centris) aenea Lepeletier BA Martins (1994); Viana (1999); Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Aguiar et al. (2003); Batalha-Filho et al. (2007); Rodarte et al. (2008) PB Leite & Machado (1999) RN Zanella (2003); Aguiar et al. (2003) C. (Centris) caxiensis Ducke BA Martins (1994); Viana (1999); Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar et al. (2003) RN Rodarte et al. (2008) C. (Centris) decolorata Lepeletier ¹ BA Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar et al. (2003) C. (Centris) flavifrons (Fabricius) BA Viana (1999); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Aguiar et al. (2003); Rodarte et al. (2008) C. (Centris) pulchra Moure, Oliveira & Viana BA Viana (1999); Rodarte et al. (2008) C. (Centris) spilopoda Moure BA Viana (1999); Aguiar (2003 b); Aguiar et al. (2003) CE Ducke (1908) ³ C. (Centris) varia (Ericsson) ² BA Viana (1999) RN Rodarte et al. (2008) C. (Hemisiella) tarsata Smith BA Martins (1994); Lewis & Gibbs (1999); Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Aguiar et al. (2003, 2005); Batalha-Filho et al. (2007); Rodarte et al. (2008) PB Leite & Machado (1999); Aguiar et al. (2003) PE Machado & Lopes (2003) RN Zanella (2003); Aguiar et al. (2003) C. (Hemisiella) trigonoides Lepeletier BA Martins (1994); Viana (1999); Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Aguiar et al. (2003); Batalha-Filho et al. (2007); Rodarte et al. (2008) PB Aguiar et al. (2003) PE Machado & Lopes (2003) ..... continued on the next page Species State* Reference RN Zanella (2003); Aguiar et al. (2003) C. (Hemisiella) vittata Lepeletier BA Martins (1994); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Aguiar et al. (2003) Centris (Heterocentris) analis Lepeletier BA Aguiar et al. (2005); Rodarte et al. (2008) C. (Melacentris) obsoleta Lepeletier BA Lewis & Gibbs (1999) 4; Viana (1999); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Batalha- Filho et al. (2007); Rodarte et al. (2008) PB Aguiar et al. (2003) CE Ducke (1908) C. (Paracentris) xanthomelaena BA Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Aguiar et al. (2003); Batalha- Filho et al. (2007); Rodarte et al. (2008) RN Aguiar et al. (2003); Zanella (2003) C. (Ptilotopus) maranhensis Ducke BA Viana (1999); Rodarte et al. (2008) PB Aguiar et al. (2003) C. (Ptilotopus) moerens (Perty) BA Martins (1994); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar et al. (2003) CE Ducke (1911) C. (Ptilotopus) sponsa Smith BA Viana (1999); Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar et al. (2003); Rodarte et al. (2008) PB Aguiar et al. (2003) CE Ducke (1908, 1911) C. (Trachina) fuscata Lepeletier 5 BA Martins (1994); Viana (1999); Aguiar et al. (1995); Lewis & Gibbs (1999); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar et al. (2003); Batalha- Filho et al. (2007); Rodarte et al. (2008) PB Aguiar & Martins (1997); Leite & Machado (1999); Aguiar et al. (2003) RN Zanella (2003); Aguiar et al. (2003) PE Machado & Lopes (2003) C. (Xanthemisia) bicolor Lepeletier 6 BA Martins (1994); Aguiar et al. (2003) *BA: Bahia, CE: Ceará, PB: Paraíba, PE: Pernambuco, RN: Rio Grande do Norte. ¹ cited as C. leprieuri (Spinola). ² cited as C. poecila Lepeletier. ³ cited as C. lanipes (Fabricius) (misidentification, probably C. cf. spilopoda or C. trigonoides). 4 cited as C. pectoralis Burmeister. 5 uncertain identity. 6 uncertain identity, probably C. lutea Friese (see below).

Vivallo, Felipe, Zanella, Fernando César Vieira (2012): A new species of Centris (Paracentris) Cameron, 1903 from northeastern Brazil, with a key for the Centris species of the Caatinga region (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Zootaxa 3298: 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280901

The Centris bees of the Caatinga region The Caatinga, the semiarid region of northeast portion of Brazil, extends across the states of Piau��, Cear��, Rio Grande do Norte, Para��ba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia and the northern part of Minas Gerais (see Zanella 2000, 2003 and references therein). Studies on the bee fauna of the Caatinga have revealed some very relevant aspects, such as the presence of endemic species and some examples of relatively complex relationships between elements of its flora and their pollinators, mainly native bees (Zanella & Martins, 2003). Different papers (listed in the Table 1), have shown the importance of Centris in the pollination ecology of the flora of the Caatinga, mainly through their role in the reproduction of plant species that offer oil as a reward. A list of the Centris species that occur in the Caatinga can be found in Table 1. Species State* Reference C. hyptidis Ducke BA Aguiar et al. (2003) PB Aguiar et al. (1995, 2003); Aguiar & Martins (1997) PE Machado & Lopes (2003) RN Zanella (2003); Aguiar et al. (2003) C. (Centris) aenea Lepeletier BA Martins (1994); Viana (1999); Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Aguiar et al. (2003); Batalha-Filho et al. (2007); Rodarte et al. (2008) PB Leite & Machado (1999) RN Zanella (2003); Aguiar et al. (2003) C. (Centris) caxiensis Ducke BA Martins (1994); Viana (1999); Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar et al. (2003) RN Rodarte et al. (2008) C. (Centris) decolorata Lepeletier �� BA Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar et al. (2003) C. (Centris) flavifrons (Fabricius) BA Viana (1999); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Aguiar et al. (2003); Rodarte et al. (2008) C. (Centris) pulchra Moure, Oliveira & Viana BA Viana (1999); Rodarte et al. (2008) C. (Centris) spilopoda Moure BA Viana (1999); Aguiar (2003 b); Aguiar et al. (2003) CE Ducke (1908) �� C. (Centris) varia (Ericsson) �� BA Viana (1999) RN Rodarte et al. (2008) C. (Hemisiella) tarsata Smith BA Martins (1994); Lewis & Gibbs (1999); Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Aguiar et al. (2003, 2005); Batalha-Filho et al. (2007); Rodarte et al. (2008) PB Leite & Machado (1999); Aguiar et al. (2003) PE Machado & Lopes (2003) RN Zanella (2003); Aguiar et al. (2003) C. (Hemisiella) trigonoides Lepeletier BA Martins (1994); Viana (1999); Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Aguiar et al. (2003); Batalha-Filho et al. (2007); Rodarte et al. (2008) PB Aguiar et al. (2003) PE Machado & Lopes (2003) ..... continued on the next page Species State* Reference RN Zanella (2003); Aguiar et al. (2003) C. (Hemisiella) vittata Lepeletier BA Martins (1994); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Aguiar et al. (2003) Centris (Heterocentris) analis Lepeletier BA Aguiar et al. (2005); Rodarte et al. (2008) C. (Melacentris) obsoleta Lepeletier BA Lewis & Gibbs (1999) 4; Viana (1999); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Batalha- Filho et al. (2007); Rodarte et al. (2008) PB Aguiar et al. (2003) CE Ducke (1908) C. (Paracentris) xanthomelaena BA Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Aguiar et al. (2003); Batalha- Filho et al. (2007); Rodarte et al. (2008) RN Aguiar et al. (2003); Zanella (2003) C. (Ptilotopus) maranhensis Ducke BA Viana (1999); Rodarte et al. (2008) PB Aguiar et al. (2003) C. (Ptilotopus) moerens (Perty) BA Martins (1994); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar et al. (2003) CE Ducke (1911) C. (Ptilotopus) sponsa Smith BA Viana (1999); Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar et al. (2003); Rodarte et al. (2008) PB Aguiar et al. (2003) CE Ducke (1908, 1911) C. (Trachina) fuscata Lepeletier 5 BA Martins (1994); Viana (1999); Aguiar et al. (1995); Lewis & Gibbs (1999); Aguiar & Almeida (2002); Aguiar (2003 a, b); Aguiar et al. (2003); Batalha- Filho et al. (2007); Rodarte et al. (2008) PB Aguiar & Martins (1997); Leite & Machado (1999); Aguiar et al. (2003) RN Zanella (2003); Aguiar et al. (2003) PE Machado & Lopes (2003) C. (Xanthemisia) bicolor Lepeletier 6 BA Martins (1994); Aguiar et al. (2003) *BA: Bahia, CE: Cear��, PB: Para��ba, PE: Pernambuco, RN: Rio Grande do Norte. �� cited as C. leprieuri (Spinola). �� cited as C. poecila Lepeletier. �� cited as C. lanipes (Fabricius) (misidentification, probably C. cf. spilopoda or C. trigonoides). 4 cited as C. pectoralis Burmeister. 5 uncertain identity. 6 uncertain identity, probably C. lutea Friese (see below)., Published as part of Vivallo, Felipe & Zanella, Fernando C��sar Vieira, 2012, A new species of Centris (Paracentris) Cameron, 1903 from northeastern Brazil, with a key for the Centris species of the Caatinga region (Hymenoptera: Apidae), pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 3298 on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280901, {"references":["Zanella, F. C. V. (2000) The bees of the Caatinga (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Apiformis): a species list and comparative notes regarding their distribution. Apidologie, 31, 579 - 592.","Aguiar, C. M. L., Martins, C. F. & Moura, A. (1995) Recursos florais utilizados por abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) em area de Caatinga (Sao Joao do Cariri, Paraiba). Revista Nordestina de Biologia, 10, 101 - 117.","Aguiar, C. M. L. & Martins, C. F. (1997) Abundancia relativa, diversidade e fenologia de abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) na Caatinga, Sao Joao do Cariri, Paraiba, Brasil. Iheringhia Serie Zoologia, 83, 151 - 163.","Machado, I. C. & Lopes, A. V. (2003) Recursos florais e sistemas de polinizacao e sexuais em Caatinga. In: Leal, I. R., Tabarelli, M. & Silva, J. M. C. (Eds), Ecologia e Conservacao da Caatinga. Editora Universitaria da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, pp. 515 - 564.","Martins C. F. (1994) Comunidade de abelhas (Hym., Apoidea) da Caatinga e do Cerrado com elementos de campo rupestre do estado da Bahia, Brasil. Revista Nordestina de Biologia, 9, 225 - 257.","Viana, B. F. (1999) A comunidade de abelhas (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) das dunas interiores do Rio Sao Francisco, Bahia, Brasil. Anais da Sociedade Entomologica Brasileira, 28, 635 - 645.","Aguiar, C. M. L. (2003 a) Flower visits of Centris bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in an area of Caatinga (Bahia, Brazil). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 38, 41 - 45.","Aguiar, C. M. L. (2003 b) Utilizacao de recursos florais por abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) em uma area de Caatinga (Itatim, Bahia, Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 20, 457 - 467.","Aguiar, C. M. L. & Almeida, G. F. (2002) Atividade diaria de coleta de oleo por especies de Centris (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em Mcvaughia bahiana W. R. Anderson (Malpighiaceae) na caatinga. Acta Biologica Leopoldensia, 24, 131 - 140.","Batalha-Filho, H., Nunes, L. A., Pereira, D. G. & Waldschmidt, A. M. (2007) Inventario da fauna de abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) em uma area de caatinga da regiao de Jequie, BA. Bioscience Journal, 23, 24 - 29.","Rodarte, A. T. A., Silva, F. O. & Viana, B. F. (2008) A flora melitofila de uma area de dunas com vegetacao de caatinga, Estado da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 22, 301 - 312.","Ducke, A. (1908) Contribution a la connaissance de la faune hymenopterologique du nord-est du Bresil. II. Hymenopteres recoltes dans l'Etat de Ceara en 1908, Revue d' Entomologie, 27, 57 - 87.","Lewis, G & Gibbs, P. (1999) Reproductive biology of Caesalpinia calycina and C. pluviosa (Leguminosae) of the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil. Plant Systematics Evolution, 217, 43 - 53.","Aguiar, C. M. L., Garofalo, C. A. & Almeida, G. F. (2005) Trap-nesting bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in areas of dry semideciduous forest and caatinga, Bahia, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 22, 1030 - 1038.","Ducke, A. (1911 [1910]) Contribution a la connaissance de La faune hymenopterologique du nord-est du Bresil. III. hymenopteres recoltes dans l'Etat de Ceara en 1909 et supplement aux deux listes anterieures, Revue d´Entomologie, 29, 78 - 122."]}

Centris (Paracentris) nordestina new species (Figs. 1���10) Diagnosis. Male: Integument predominantly black (Figs. 1 and 2). Discs of clypeus and labrum yellow. Pubescence predominantly blackish. Mesoscutum and scutellum with yellow pilosity. Labrum with coarse, dense and uniform punctation with a relatively smooth and poorly defined basal band. Disc of T 1 relatively smooth. Flabellum relatively ellipsoidal, although slightly projected forward. 2 nd mandibular tooth with a small mahogany projection towards the 3 rd tooth, the latter subquadrangular (Fig. 3). Posterior surface of hind femur slightly concave in distal third. Base of hind tibia with a tooth-like projection. Female unknown. Description. Holotype male. Measurements: Approximately body length: 12.9; head width: 4.2; forewing length (estimated): 10.6; mesosoma width: 6.0; scape length: 0.6; F 1 length: 0.9; F 2 length: 0.2; F 3 length: 0.3; UID: 1.8; LID: 2.2; mandible length: 2.0; mandible basal width: 0.8; labrum length: 1.0; labrum width: 1.3; diameter of the anterior ocellus: 0.3; ocello-orbital distance: 0.3. Coloration: Integument black, except tegula and hind femur dark brown. Distal margin of terga and sterna light brown. Discs of clypeus and labrum yellow. Metasoma with slight blue-green metallic reflections. Wings membrane translucent, light brown with brown veins. Pubescence: Dark brown to blackish, except dorsal surface of mesosoma, tegula, vertex, frontal area and labrum with yellow pilosity. Clypeus with yellow hairs only on the periphery of the disc. Metasoma with long, plumose hairs, except disc of T 1 with shorter, sparser pilosity. Claws with simple hairs at the base. Wings cells with relatively sparse hairs, denser on the first submarginal cell. Upper half of the radial cell of hind wing with very short, simple and dense hairs. Integument and sculpture surface: Clypeus with coarse punctation at sides; clypeal disc smooth. Labrum with coarse and dense punctation, with a relatively poorly defined, smooth, basal band. Punctation of paraocular area finer and slightly sparser than on labrum. Frontal area with punctation similar, but denser. Scutellum with coarse and not very dense punctation. Horizontal central surface of T 1 relatively smooth. T 2 with punctures less dense than on T 3. Distal edge of all terga and sterna (except T 7 and S 6) with a smooth distal band. Structures: Flabellum relatively ellipsoidal, and somewhat projected forward. Mandible with three teeth, the first two acute and the innermost tooth truncate, appearing quadrangular (Fig. 3). Second tooth with a small mahogany projection towards the third tooth. Trimmal angle acute and little developed. Clypeus convex. Labrum semicircular. Vertex raised slightly above upper ocular margins. Eyes convergent above. Shortest distance between the clypeus and the eye narrower than the minimum width of F 1. Scutellum normal, without longitudinal depression and/or projections. Claws with inner tooth. Apical half of middle basitarsus with a very short row of erect, slightly spatulate and curved setae similar to an elaiospathe. Posterior surface of hind femur slightly concave in distal third. Base of hindtibia with a tooth-like projection. Distal edge of S 2 and S 3 projected in the middle. Pygidial plate absent. Apex of gonocoxite with more than 30 giant setae (Figs. 6 and 7) and ending in an acute projection (Figs. 6 and 8). S 7 with a wide emargination in the basal margin (Fig. 4). S 8 with angles near the base of its apical projection and without dorsal medial apical carina (Fig. 5). Type material. Holotype male: Petrol��ndia-PE Brasil Reserva Legal 31.05.0 3 Moura & Darrault\ 19496 UFPE \ L 163 P 755 Melochia tomentosa \ Holotype Centris (Paracentris) nordestina Vivallo & Zanella, 2010. The holotype will be deposited in Cole����o Moure Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paran�� (DZUP), Curitiba, PR Brazil. Type locality. Brazil: Pernambuco: Petrol��ndia (approximately 09��04���S, 38 �� 16 ���W). Etymology. The name refers to the area where this new species was collected, northeastern Brazil, which is also the northeastern region of South America. Comment. The type specimen is in relatively good condition, with its genitalia deposited in a plastic vial pinned along with the holotype. Floral record. Melochia tomentosa L. (Sterculiaceae)., Published as part of Vivallo, Felipe & Zanella, Fernando C��sar Vieira, 2012, A new species of Centris (Paracentris) Cameron, 1903 from northeastern Brazil, with a key for the Centris species of the Caatinga region (Hymenoptera: Apidae), pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 3298 on pages 2-3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280901

Centris (Paracentris) nordestina new species (Figs. 1–10) Diagnosis. Male: Integument predominantly black (Figs. 1 and 2). Discs of clypeus and labrum yellow. Pubescence predominantly blackish. Mesoscutum and scutellum with yellow pilosity. Labrum with coarse, dense and uniform punctation with a relatively smooth and poorly defined basal band. Disc of T 1 relatively smooth. Flabellum relatively ellipsoidal, although slightly projected forward. 2 nd mandibular tooth with a small mahogany projection towards the 3 rd tooth, the latter subquadrangular (Fig. 3). Posterior surface of hind femur slightly concave in distal third. Base of hind tibia with a tooth-like projection. Female unknown. Description. Holotype male. Measurements: Approximately body length: 12.9; head width: 4.2; forewing length (estimated): 10.6; mesosoma width: 6.0; scape length: 0.6; F 1 length: 0.9; F 2 length: 0.2; F 3 length: 0.3; UID: 1.8; LID: 2.2; mandible length: 2.0; mandible basal width: 0.8; labrum length: 1.0; labrum width: 1.3; diameter of the anterior ocellus: 0.3; ocello-orbital distance: 0.3. Coloration: Integument black, except tegula and hind femur dark brown. Distal margin of terga and sterna light brown. Discs of clypeus and labrum yellow. Metasoma with slight blue-green metallic reflections. Wings membrane translucent, light brown with brown veins. Pubescence: Dark brown to blackish, except dorsal surface of mesosoma, tegula, vertex, frontal area and labrum with yellow pilosity. Clypeus with yellow hairs only on the periphery of the disc. Metasoma with long, plumose hairs, except disc of T 1 with shorter, sparser pilosity. Claws with simple hairs at the base. Wings cells with relatively sparse hairs, denser on the first submarginal cell. Upper half of the radial cell of hind wing with very short, simple and dense hairs. Integument and sculpture surface: Clypeus with coarse punctation at sides; clypeal disc smooth. Labrum with coarse and dense punctation, with a relatively poorly defined, smooth, basal band. Punctation of paraocular area finer and slightly sparser than on labrum. Frontal area with punctation similar, but denser. Scutellum with coarse and not very dense punctation. Horizontal central surface of T 1 relatively smooth. T 2 with punctures less dense than on T 3. Distal edge of all terga and sterna (except T 7 and S 6) with a smooth distal band. Structures: Flabellum relatively ellipsoidal, and somewhat projected forward. Mandible with three teeth, the first two acute and the innermost tooth truncate, appearing quadrangular (Fig. 3). Second tooth with a small mahogany projection towards the third tooth. Trimmal angle acute and little developed. Clypeus convex. Labrum semicircular. Vertex raised slightly above upper ocular margins. Eyes convergent above. Shortest distance between the clypeus and the eye narrower than the minimum width of F 1. Scutellum normal, without longitudinal depression and/or projections. Claws with inner tooth. Apical half of middle basitarsus with a very short row of erect, slightly spatulate and curved setae similar to an elaiospathe. Posterior surface of hind femur slightly concave in distal third. Base of hindtibia with a tooth-like projection. Distal edge of S 2 and S 3 projected in the middle. Pygidial plate absent. Apex of gonocoxite with more than 30 giant setae (Figs. 6 and 7) and ending in an acute projection (Figs. 6 and 8). S 7 with a wide emargination in the basal margin (Fig. 4). S 8 with angles near the base of its apical projection and without dorsal medial apical carina (Fig. 5). Type material. Holotype male: Petrolândia-PE Brasil Reserva Legal 31.05.0 3 Moura & Darrault\ 19496 UFPE \ L 163 P 755 Melochia tomentosa \ Holotype Centris (Paracentris) nordestina Vivallo & Zanella, 2010. The holotype will be deposited in Coleção Moure Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (DZUP), Curitiba, PR Brazil. Type locality. Brazil: Pernambuco: Petrolândia (approximately 09°04’S, 38 ° 16 ’W). Etymology. The name refers to the area where this new species was collected, northeastern Brazil, which is also the northeastern region of South America. Comment. The type specimen is in relatively good condition, with its genitalia deposited in a plastic vial pinned along with the holotype. Floral record. Melochia tomentosa L. (Sterculiaceae).

Zanella, Fernando César Vieira, Vivallo, Felipe (2009): A new species of the bee genus Centris from Peru (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Zootaxa 2175: 66-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275102

Centris (Paracentris) ancashsumaq new species (Figures 1���4) Diagnosis. This species is unique among South American Centris (Paracentris) by its intense bluish metallic reflections on the metasoma, the dark pilosity all over the body and by its dark wings with bluish-violaceous iridescence. The male of this new species is unknown, but probably has a similar coloration on the metasoma and wings, but with the disc of clypeus and labrum yellow, a character found in most species of the subgenus. Description. Holotype Female. Measurements: approximate body length: 13.5; head width: 5.0; forewing length: 11.4; thoracic width: 6.3; scape length: 0.3; F 1 length: 1.0; F 2 length: 0.2; F 3 length: 0.3; upper interocular distance: 2.6; lower interocular distance: 2.7; mandible length: 2.3; mandible basal width: 0.9; labrum length: 1.1; labrum width: 1.5; middle ocellar diameter: 0.3; ocellocular distance: 0.6. Coloration: integument predominantly black. Legs, T 1, except narrow apical band, basal half of T 2 and metasomal sterna dark reddish brown. Metasomal terga dark with strong bluish metallic reflections. Wings dark with bluish-violaceus iridescence. Pubescence and surface sculpture: pubescence dark brown to black, including scopae and prepygidial and pygidial fimbriae. Integument densely and uniformly punctured on paraocular area and frons, smooth and shiny areas in front of middle ocellus and between the lateral ocelli and compound eyes. Clypeus with setigerous punctures (distance between punctures wider than puncture diameters), with a smooth median longitudinal band, wider than middle ocellus, slightly narrower in upper fourth. Labrum with similar punctation, but slightly less dense and relatively uniform, without smooth band. Metasomal terga densely punctated, punctures slightly scattered on base of T 2 and dorsal surface of T 1. Structure: Maxillary palpus 5 -segmented, second palpomere subequal in length to the third (relative lengths: 2 ��� 3> 4> 1> 5). Mandible with four teeth, the second the smaller (relative sizes: 1> 4> 3> 2); apical tooth normal, without basal expansion; acetabular carina ending at the basis of 3 rd tooth; trimmal angle straight, forming a small denticle at the trimmal expansion; labrum semicircular. Vertex slightly elevated above ocular orbits. Fore elaiospathe with primary anterior comb restricted to apical half of basitarsus, with few setae on basal half, distance between setae greater than their diameters. Secondary comb formed by three giant apical spatulate setae. Setae of elaiospathe of middle basitarsus juxtaposed, forming a complete comb. Basitibial plate with rounded apex; secondary plate well defined, margin S-shaped with median part slightly projected over primary plate, in lateral view. Pygidial plate well developed, with lateral margins slightly sinuous and narrowly truncate apically. Secondary pygidial plate well defined, triangular, acuminate apically. Apical border of hind basitarsus with a slight angle near insertion of second tarsomere; inner tooth of hind claw small. Type Material. Holotype, female, PERU, Lima Department (Deposited at the Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru), with a hand-written label: ���Lima, San Bartolom��, 9.iv. 77, col: R. Garcia���. The type locality is in the R��mac Valley at approximately 1800 m.a.s.l (Claus Rasmussen, pers. comm.). Etymology. The name of this species is derived from Quechua, one of the Peruvian native languages, by combining ancash, blue, referring to the characteristic color of its metasoma, and sumaq, beautiful. Comments. Notwithstanding the description is based only on a single female specimen, by the morphology of the mandible, the pygidial and basitibial plates, it is assumed that the species belongs to the subgenus Centris (Paracentris) in the sense of Zanella (2002). According to his study, this subgenus, as defined by most previous authors, is not a monophyletic group (see Moure 1950; Ayala 1998; Roig-Alsina 2000; Michener 2007; Moure et al. 2007). Centris (Paracentris) is monophyletic only if the North American lineages (=subgenera) Acritocentris Snelling, Exallocentris Snelling and Xerocentris Snelling, are included, and the species of the subgenus C. (Penthemisia) Moure and C. xanthomelaena Moure and Castro, are excluded from it. In the analyses performed by Zanella (2002) C. xanthomelaena appears as sister group of Centris s. str., and C. (Penthemisia) as sister group of the clade (Paracentris (Centris s. str. + C. xanthomelaena)). The possibility of including this new species in Centris s. str. is not considered here because of the absence of a welldeveloped trimmal extension of the mandible, and of yellow areas forming an inverted ��� Y ��� on clypeus, synapomorphic characters of that subgenus (Ayala 1998). A relationship with C. xanthomelaena is also discarded due to the following characteristics: the subapical teeth of the mandible smaller than the apical tooth; anterior primary comb of fore elaiospathe restricted to the apical half of basitarsus (as in many Andean Paracentris); maxillary palpus 5 -segmented; the presence of a well defined smooth vertical band on clypeus; and secondary pygidial plate extending to the apex of the pygidial plate. The synapomorphies of the subgenus Paracentris are exclusively male genitalic characters (see Zanella, 2002); therefore the discovery of the male of the new species will allow confirmation of the proposed affiliation of the new species with this subgenus. Due to the description of this new species, it is necessary to introduce a modification to Zanella���s (2002) key to females to allow its identification. The amendment is indicated below (the numbers in brackets ���[]��� correspond to those in original key): 1. Metasoma with intense bluish reflections; wing membrane dark with bluish-violaceus iridescence........................................................................................................................................................... Centris ancashsumaq new species - Metasoma without metallic reflections or, if present, green and very weak; wing membrane almost translucid, slightly light brown in some species (except C. burgorfi Friese with dark wings)..................................................... 2 2. Apical tooth of mandible widened at the base. Basitibial plate narrow, anterior edge of the secondary plate almost parallel to the posterior edge of the primary basitibial plate..................................................................................... [2] - Apical tooth of mandible not widened at the base. Basitibial plate widened in the middle; posterior edge of the secondary plate rounded................................................................................................................................................. [3], Published as part of Zanella, Fernando C��sar Vieira & Vivallo, Felipe, 2009, A new species of the bee genus Centris from Peru (Hymenoptera: Apidae), pp. 66-68 in Zootaxa 2175 on pages 66-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275102, {"references":["Zanella, F. C. V. (2002) Sistematica, filogenia e distribuicao geografica das especies sul-americanas de Centris (Paracentris) Cameron, 1903 e de Centris (Penthemisia) Moure, 1950, incluindo uma analise filogenetica do \" grupo Centris \" sensu Ayala, 1998 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Centridini). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 46, 435 - 488.","Moure, J. S. (1950) Alguns agrupamentos novos de abelhas neotropicais (Hymenopt. - Apoidea). Dusenia, 1, 385 - 394.","Roig-Alsina, A. (2000) Claves para las especies argentinas de Centris (Hymenoptera, Apidae), con descripcion de nuevas especies y notas sobre distribucion. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 2, 171 - 193.","Michener, C. D. (2007) The Bees of the World, 2 nd edition, The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 953 pp.","Moure, J. S., Melo, G. A. R. & Vivallo, F. (2007) Centridini Cockerell & Cockerell, 1901. In: Moure, J. S., Urban, D. & Melo, G. A. R. (Orgs.), Catalogue of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in the Neotropical Region. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia, Curitiba, pp. 83 - 142."]}

Centris (Paracentris) ancashsumaq new species (Figures 1–4) Diagnosis. This species is unique among South American Centris (Paracentris) by its intense bluish metallic reflections on the metasoma, the dark pilosity all over the body and by its dark wings with bluish-violaceous iridescence. The male of this new species is unknown, but probably has a similar coloration on the metasoma and wings, but with the disc of clypeus and labrum yellow, a character found in most species of the subgenus. Description. Holotype Female. Measurements: approximate body length: 13.5; head width: 5.0; forewing length: 11.4; thoracic width: 6.3; scape length: 0.3; F 1 length: 1.0; F 2 length: 0.2; F 3 length: 0.3; upper interocular distance: 2.6; lower interocular distance: 2.7; mandible length: 2.3; mandible basal width: 0.9; labrum length: 1.1; labrum width: 1.5; middle ocellar diameter: 0.3; ocellocular distance: 0.6. Coloration: integument predominantly black. Legs, T 1, except narrow apical band, basal half of T 2 and metasomal sterna dark reddish brown. Metasomal terga dark with strong bluish metallic reflections. Wings dark with bluish-violaceus iridescence. Pubescence and surface sculpture: pubescence dark brown to black, including scopae and prepygidial and pygidial fimbriae. Integument densely and uniformly punctured on paraocular area and frons, smooth and shiny areas in front of middle ocellus and between the lateral ocelli and compound eyes. Clypeus with setigerous punctures (distance between punctures wider than puncture diameters), with a smooth median longitudinal band, wider than middle ocellus, slightly narrower in upper fourth. Labrum with similar punctation, but slightly less dense and relatively uniform, without smooth band. Metasomal terga densely punctated, punctures slightly scattered on base of T 2 and dorsal surface of T 1. Structure: Maxillary palpus 5 -segmented, second palpomere subequal in length to the third (relative lengths: 2 ≈ 3> 4> 1> 5). Mandible with four teeth, the second the smaller (relative sizes: 1> 4> 3> 2); apical tooth normal, without basal expansion; acetabular carina ending at the basis of 3 rd tooth; trimmal angle straight, forming a small denticle at the trimmal expansion; labrum semicircular. Vertex slightly elevated above ocular orbits. Fore elaiospathe with primary anterior comb restricted to apical half of basitarsus, with few setae on basal half, distance between setae greater than their diameters. Secondary comb formed by three giant apical spatulate setae. Setae of elaiospathe of middle basitarsus juxtaposed, forming a complete comb. Basitibial plate with rounded apex; secondary plate well defined, margin S-shaped with median part slightly projected over primary plate, in lateral view. Pygidial plate well developed, with lateral margins slightly sinuous and narrowly truncate apically. Secondary pygidial plate well defined, triangular, acuminate apically. Apical border of hind basitarsus with a slight angle near insertion of second tarsomere; inner tooth of hind claw small. Type Material. Holotype, female, PERU, Lima Department (Deposited at the Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru), with a hand-written label: ‘Lima, San Bartolomé, 9.iv. 77, col: R. Garcia’. The type locality is in the Rímac Valley at approximately 1800 m.a.s.l (Claus Rasmussen, pers. comm.). Etymology. The name of this species is derived from Quechua, one of the Peruvian native languages, by combining ancash, blue, referring to the characteristic color of its metasoma, and sumaq, beautiful. Comments. Notwithstanding the description is based only on a single female specimen, by the morphology of the mandible, the pygidial and basitibial plates, it is assumed that the species belongs to the subgenus Centris (Paracentris) in the sense of Zanella (2002). According to his study, this subgenus, as defined by most previous authors, is not a monophyletic group (see Moure 1950; Ayala 1998; Roig-Alsina 2000; Michener 2007; Moure et al. 2007). Centris (Paracentris) is monophyletic only if the North American lineages (=subgenera) Acritocentris Snelling, Exallocentris Snelling and Xerocentris Snelling, are included, and the species of the subgenus C. (Penthemisia) Moure and C. xanthomelaena Moure and Castro, are excluded from it. In the analyses performed by Zanella (2002) C. xanthomelaena appears as sister group of Centris s. str., and C. (Penthemisia) as sister group of the clade (Paracentris (Centris s. str. + C. xanthomelaena)). The possibility of including this new species in Centris s. str. is not considered here because of the absence of a welldeveloped trimmal extension of the mandible, and of yellow areas forming an inverted “ Y ” on clypeus, synapomorphic characters of that subgenus (Ayala 1998). A relationship with C. xanthomelaena is also discarded due to the following characteristics: the subapical teeth of the mandible smaller than the apical tooth; anterior primary comb of fore elaiospathe restricted to the apical half of basitarsus (as in many Andean Paracentris); maxillary palpus 5 -segmented; the presence of a well defined smooth vertical band on clypeus; and secondary pygidial plate extending to the apex of the pygidial plate. The synapomorphies of the subgenus Paracentris are exclusively male genitalic characters (see Zanella, 2002); therefore the discovery of the male of the new species will allow confirmation of the proposed affiliation of the new species with this subgenus. Due to the description of this new species, it is necessary to introduce a modification to Zanella’s (2002) key to females to allow its identification. The amendment is indicated below (the numbers in brackets ‘[]’ correspond to those in original key): 1. Metasoma with intense bluish reflections; wing membrane dark with bluish-violaceus iridescence........................................................................................................................................................... Centris ancashsumaq new species - Metasoma without metallic reflections or, if present, green and very weak; wing membrane almost translucid, slightly light brown in some species (except C. burgorfi Friese with dark wings)..................................................... 2 2. Apical tooth of mandible widened at the base. Basitibial plate narrow, anterior edge of the secondary plate almost parallel to the posterior edge of the primary basitibial plate..................................................................................... [2] - Apical tooth of mandible not widened at the base. Basitibial plate widened in the middle; posterior edge of the secondary plate rounded................................................................................................................................................. [3]

Osirinus fritzi Roig-Alsina (figures 1–5) Osirinus fritzi Roig-Alsina, 1989: 20. Holotype female, Argentina: Entre Rios, Palmar de Colón (MACN; not examined). Comments Roig-Alsina compared fritzi to what he thought was rutilans based on a specimen identified by Shanks. As explained below, this specimen is actually santiagoi. These two species seem to be closely allied, differing mainly in the characters given in the key. Roig-Alsina also used the proportion between the lengths of the posterior and apical margins of the 1st submarginal cell to distinguish santiagoi (his rutilans) from fritzi. This proportion varied from 1.3 to 1.6 in the specimens of santiagoi examined, the lower limit being too close to the value of 1.25 given for the type of fritzi. He also mentions that santiagoi lacks stiff setae on the hind tibiae, these setae being present along the posterior (his dorsal) margin in fritzi. We do not agree, however, with his interpretation, since the outer surface of the hind tibiae in santiagoi has abundant stiff, simple setae intermixed with the finely plumose pubescence. Nevertheless, the stiff setae in santiagoi are somewhat slender and lighter coloured when compared to those present in fritzi. The male specimen examined agrees with the description of the female holotype, except as follows: proportion of 1st to 2nd flagellomere 1.1:1; proportion of lengths of submarginal cells on posterior margin 1:0.9:1; 'basal vein' of forewing arising apical to vein cu-a. Its S7, S8 and genitalia are depicted in figures 1–5, respectively. Material examined Argentina, Entre Rios: one male (MACN), 'ARG.-E. RIOS, Liebig, Zelich'., Published as part of Melo, Gabriel A. R. & Zanella, Fernando C. V., 2003, The species of the parasitic bee genus Osirinus (Hymenoptera, Apidae), pp. 2919-2929 in Journal of Natural History 37 (24) on pages 2921-2922, DOI: 10.1080/0022293021000007516, http://zenodo.org/record/4675337

Melo, Gabriel A. R., Zanella, Fernando C. V. (2003): The species of the parasitic bee genus Osirinus (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Journal of Natural History 37 (24): 2919-2929, DOI: 10.1080/0022293021000007516, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0022293021000007516

Osirinus tarsalis, new species Comments At a first glance, this species suggests an Osiris because of its strongly punctured clypeus, upturned lamella along anterior margin of pronotum and relatively bulging dorsolateral lobes of pronotal collar. However, presence of only one subapical tooth in the mandibles, its wide frons, the rounded contour of area between vertex and occiput, lack of subapical teeth on female mid tibia and lack of depressions or rugosity on metapostnotum clearly exclude it from Osiris. Within Osirinus, this species seems to be more closely related to O. parvicollis and O. rutilans. The paratypes agree quite well with the holotype, except for their slightly slender hind tibia (respectively, 4.3 × and 4.4 × longer than wide) and slender hind basitarsus of paratype from 'Chapada' (about 4 × longer than maximum width). The paratype from 'Chapada' was dissected and it could be observed that its labrum possesses five small preapical denticles. Description Holotype. Body length: 6.2 mm; maximum head width: 1.9 mm; forewing length: 6.0 mm. Colour: predominantly reddish yellow, except for dark reddish brown claws and apical third of mandibles and for reddish brown distal half of flagella. Wing veins brown, pterostigma brownish yellow, membrane hyaline, except for light brownish infuscate apical portion. Pubescence: mostly pale yellow, except for reddish yellow setae on legs and metasoma and brown setae covering wing membrane and veins. Dense and finely plumose on labrum, frons (except on supraclypeal area and above antennal sockets), gena, mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum and upper half of mesepisternum laterally. Clypeus without decumbent, plumose setae. Conspicuously dense on posterior half of vertex. Disc of mesoscutum uniformly covered with short, dense and finely plumose, erect setae. Longest setae on scutellum about 1.3 × the length of 2nd flagellomere. Simple setae on hind tibia slender, not bristle-like; plumose setae with very short branches, not very distinct from simple setae. Integumental surface: predominantly very smooth and shiny; setigerous punctures very fine, except for a few strong punctures on clypeus and for those on lateral surface of mesepisternum. Metapostnotum completely smooth, without a basal depression. Structure (measurements in mm): head about 1.2 × wider than long (1.92:1.54); inner orbits weakly concave on its upper portion and slightly converging below (upper to lower interorbital distance, 1.14:1.03); eye 2 × as long as its maximum width (1.23:0.61); mandible about 2.6 × longer than its outer basal width (0.84:0.32); clypeus 2.4 × wider than long (1.0:0.42), its disk relatively flat, in lateral view less protuberant than supraclipeal area. First flagellomere about 0.5 × as long as 2nd (0.13:0.27). Labial palpus five-segmented, apical segment minute. Apical portion of foretibial spur (apical to velum) longer than half the length of basal portion (0.19:0.25); hind tibia, in posterior view, about 4.0 × longer than wide (1.52:0.38); hind basitarsus, in lateral view, distinctly fusiform, about 3.7 × longer than its maximum width (1.1:0.3). Forewing M and Cu diverging distinctly distal to cu-a; proportion of lengths of submarginal cells on posterior margin 1.5:1:1.4 (0.61:0.40:0.55). Medial portion of anterior margin of pronotum upturned and forming a distinct, backward-directed lamella. Dorsolateral lobes of pronotal collar distinctly bulging, almost connected to one another medially. Mesoscutum about 1.1 × wider than long (1.27:1.14). Pygidial plate triangular, acuminate apically, translucent lateral and apical margins well developed and slightly upturned. Type material Peru: Holotype female (DZUP), 'AVISPAS-Cuzco, PERU 20-IX-62, LUIS E. PENA'. Paratypes: Brazil, Mato Grosso: one female (MACN), ' Chapada' and ' Col. E. GIACOMELLI'; Peru: one female (AMNH), ' Tingo Maria, Huan., Peru, Oct. 23 1946, Alt. 2200 ft. ' and ' J. C. Pallister, Coll. Donor Frank Johnson'. Etymology This species is named for the widened basitarsi of its hind legs, from the Greek tarsos, ankle plus the Latin suffix - alis, pertaining to., Published as part of Melo, Gabriel A. R. & Zanella, Fernando C. V., 2003, The species of the parasitic bee genus Osirinus (Hymenoptera, Apidae), pp. 2919-2929 in Journal of Natural History 37 (24) on pages 2927-2928, DOI: 10.1080/0022293021000007516, http://zenodo.org/record/4675337

Osirinus ruficrus, new species (figures 6–10) Comments This species can be easily recognized by its completely black body and wings and contrasting red legs. It resembles O. leminiscatus in its large body size and predominantly black integument, but the reduced pubescence, metapostnotum lacking a basal depression and short 1st flagellomere suggest the other species of Osirinus. It is currently known from only three specimens, all from the state of Minas Gerais, in south-eastern Brazil. The male holotype and the female paratype have similar body size, while the male paratype is somewhat smaller (body length: 8.5 mm; maximum head width: 2.48 mm; forewing length: 7.5 mm). The male paratype mandibles were opened and it could be observed that its labrum possesses eight small preapical denticles. The genitalia, S7 and S8 of this specimen are depicted in figures 6–10, respectively. Description Holotype male. Body length: 11 mm; maximum head width: 2.56 mm; forewing length: 9.0 mm. Colour: predominantly black; trochanters, femora basally, last tarsomeres, apical marginal zone of T6, entire T7, S2–4 dark brown to brown; mouthparts, remainder of legs, S5 and S6 bright reddish brown; wing veins, including pterostigma, black, membrane strongly infuscate, except for narrow hyaline areas along flexion lines within submarginal and cubital cells, as well as along 2m-cu and 3rs-m. Pubescence: ferruginous on reddish brown areas and brown to light brown on areas with dark integument, except for black setae covering wings. Dense and finely plumose on labrum, middle and lower paraocular areas, gena, posterior portion of pronotal lobes and outer surface of mid and hind tibiae; on remainder of body, mostly sparse and simple or only with few branches. Disc of mesoscutum uniformly covered with short, mostly simple, erect setae, branched setae restricted to medial portion anteriorly and corners posteriorly. Lateral surface of mesepisternum with sparse and relatively long setae, longest setae about 1.3–1.4 × as long as length of 2nd flagellomere. Setae on central portion of metanotum distinctly shorter than those on lateral portions. Metapostnotum completely glabrous. Entire outer surface of hindtibia with numerous strong, downward-curved bristles among the plumose setae. T1 almost glabrous, with very sparse and short setae along posterior marginal zone, and longer setae on ventral portions; disc of T2–5 uniformly covered with short and relatively sparse pubescence, distance between setigerous punctures about one setal length; ventral portion of T2–4, posterior discal margin of T5–6 and S2–5, sides of T7, and exposed portion of S6 with long, simple, reddish brown setae; posterior apical margin of S5 with distinct fringe of long, plumose, reddish brown setae. Integumental surface: predominantly very smooth and shiny; setigerous punctures very fine, except for a few strong punctures on clypeus and for those on lateral surface of mesepisternum. Metapostnotum smooth, without a basal depression. Structure (measurements in mm): head about 1.2 × wider than long (2.56:2.16); inner orbits weakly convex and slightly diverging below (upper to lower interorbital distance, 1.54:1.62); eye 2 × as long as its maximum width (1.58:0.78); mandible about 2.9 × longer than its outer basal width (1.32:0.46); clypeus 2.2 × wider than long (1.54:0.7). First flagellomere about 0.6 × as long as 2nd (0.2:0.34). Labial palpus five-segmented, apical segment minute. Apical portion of foretibial spur (apical to velum) longer than half the length of basal portion (0.24:0.34); hind tibia, in posterior view, about 3.4 × longer than wide (2.0:0.58). Forewing M and Cu diverging slightly basal to cu-a; proportion of lengths of submarginal cells on posterior margin 0.9:1:1.2 (0.68:0.74:0.88). Mesoscutum about as wide as long (1.70:1.66). Pygidial plate well developed, narrowly truncate apically, and with translucent lateral and apical margins. Paratype female. Body length: 11.5 mm; maximum head width: 2.96 mm; forewing length: 9.0 mm. Agreeing with male, except for: S5 dark brown, its posterior marginal zone densely covered with long, reddish brown, simple setae; setae on exposed portion of S6 very short, except on its apex; metaposnotum with a few very fine, oblique rugulae basally; head about 1.3 × wider than long (2.96:2.24); inner orbits straight (upper to lower interorbital distance, 1.7:1.7); eye about 1.8 × as long as its maximum width (1.74:0.94); mandible almost 3.0 × longer than its outer basal width (1.54:0.52); clypeus 2.3 × wider than long (1.68:0.72); 1st flagellomere about 0.5 × as long as 2nd (0.16:0.34); proportion of lengths of submarginal cells on posterior margin 1:1:1.3 (0.72:0.72:0.92); pygidial plate broad, lateral margins forming a 40 ° angle, apex narrowly rounded. Type material Brazil, Minas Gerais: Holotype male (DZMG), ' Brasilaņdia de Minas MG, Brasil 22/03/1999, D. A. Simão' and ' Abelhas — Cerrado, Mannesmann, Fazenda Brejão, 3133-9144 '. Paratypes: one female (DZUP), 'N°, H., Planta, voando' and 'Lavras Novas—Ouro Preto, MG — Brasil 12/XI/1995, 20 ° 28 ∞ 22 S—43 ° 33 ∞ 4 W, Faria, G.M., Melo, M.A., Daniel, A.M., Paiva, G. '; one male (DZUP), same data except 'N° 050250, H. 12:00-14:00, Planta 069' and ' 11/XI/1995 '. Etymology This species is named for its red legs, from the Latin rufus, red plus crus, leg., Published as part of Melo, Gabriel A. R. & Zanella, Fernando C. V., 2003, The species of the parasitic bee genus Osirinus (Hymenoptera, Apidae), pp. 2919-2929 in Journal of Natural History 37 (24) on pages 2924-2926, DOI: 10.1080/0022293021000007516, http://zenodo.org/record/4675337