Search

Your search keyword '"Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP)"' showing total 572 results
Start Over Author "Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP)" Topic animals
572 results on '"Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP)"'

1. Seroprevalence of horses to Coxiella burnetii in an Q fever endemic area

Author

Laurence Vial, Cécile Beck, Isabelle Desjardins, Sophie Edouard, Agnès Leblond, Sophie Pradier, Elodie Rousset, Loïc Legrand, Karim Sidi-Boumedine, Elsa Jourdain, Philippe Dufour, Patrick Gasqui, Aurélien Joulié, Sylvie Lecollinet, Unité de recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions Cellules Organismes Environnement (ICORE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Sophia Antipolis, Animal Q Fever Unit, Épidémiologie des Maladies Animales et Zoonotiques - UMR 346 (EPIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), French Horse and Riding Institute (IFCE), PERON fund (Encouragement aux Projets Equestres Regionaux Ou Nationaux), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Equine Department, Institut d'Enseignement Supérieur et de Recherche en Alimentation, Santé Animale, Sciences Agronomiques et de l'Environnement, Unité de recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale ( UEA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] ( IHAP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Virologie UMR1161 ( VIRO ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort-ANSES, UMR CMAEE, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), Interactions Cellules Organismes Environnement ( ICORE ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections ( MEPHI ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail ( ANSES Maisons-Alfort ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Identification, Veterinary medicine, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Ticks, Seroepidemiologic Studies, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Analyse du risque, Zoonosis, 000 - Autres thèmes, Endemic area, General Medicine, Antibodies, Bacterial, 3. Good health, horse, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, qPCR, Test ELISA, PCR, Fièvre q, Coxiella burnetii, surveillance, ELISA, zoonose, DNA, Bacterial, 030106 microbiology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Q fever, Biology, Microbiology, Sérologie, 03 medical and health sciences, Maladie de l'homme, medicine, Animals, Seroprevalence, Horses, Animal species, General Veterinary, Anticorps, Horse, Morbidité, zoonosis, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Enquête pathologique, HORSE EXPOSURE, Horse Diseases, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, Cheval
Abstract

International audience; Coxiella burnetii can infect many animal species, but its circulation dynamics in and through horses is still unclear. This study evaluated horse exposure in an area known to be endemic for ruminants and humans. We assessed antibody prevalence in horse serum by ELISA, and screened by qPCR horse blood, ticks found on horses and dust from stables. Horse seroprevalence was 4% (n = 335, 37 stables) in 2015 and 12% (n = 294, 39 stables) in 2016. Of 199 horses sampled both years, 13 seroconverted, eight remained seropositive, and one seroreverted. Seropositive horses were located close to reported human cases, yet none displayed Q fever compatible syndromes. Coxiella DNA was detected in almost 40% of collected ticks (n = 59/148 in 2015; n = 103/305 in 2016), occasionally in dust (n = 3/46 in 2015; n = 1/14 in 2016) but never in horse blood. Further studies should be implemented to evaluate if horses may be relevant indicators of zoonotic risk in urban and suburban endemic areas.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Defining health standards through economic optimisation: The example of colostrum management in beef and dairy production

Author

Raboisson , Didier, Trillat , Pauline, Dervillé , Marie, Cahuzac , Célia, MAIGNE , Elise, Loor , Juan, Raboisson, Didier, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] ( IHAP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux ( LEREPS ), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville ( ENSFEA ), Observatoire des Programmes Communautaires de Développement Rural ( US ODR ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Department of Animal Sciences & Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux (LEREPS), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Observatoire des Programmes Communautaires de Développement Rural (US ODR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA)

Subjects
Economics, lcsh:Medicine, Social Sciences, 0403 veterinary science, Agricultural science, cows, Pregnancy, Animal Products, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, [ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and finances, Animal Husbandry, lcsh:Science, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, bull calves, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Net asset value, Dairying, Milk, Models, Economic, Work (electrical), Value (economics), Profitability index, Female, Beef, Research Article, Farms, Meat, Livestock, 040301 veterinary sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Scarcity, Health Economics, Production (economics), Animals, Nutrition, Health economics, Colostrum, lcsh:R, 0402 animal and dairy science, Immunization, Passive, Cognitive Psychology, Biology and Life Sciences, Reasoning, bottle, 040201 dairy & animal science, serum igg concentrations, immunity, Diet, Health Care, Red Meat, Animals, Newborn, Food, Cognitive Science, lcsh:Q, Cattle, Business, Health Statistics, Morbidity, Agricultural Economics, Neuroscience
Abstract

International audience; There is extensive literature addressing acceptable practices of colostrum distribution to new-born calves; however, no economic analyses are available concerning the profitability of this practice. Moreover, the health standards associated with colostrum management have been defined through the observation of reference farms without explicit reference to economic assessments. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the profitability of farm colostrum management and to define the optimal economic situations for given livestock systems and farm situations. The herd-level net value was calculated using the value of calf products, the cost of passive transfer failure and the cost of prevention. This value was determined for various beef and dairy scenarios and the various time periods spent managing colostrum. The maximal net values defined the optimal economic situations and enabled the determination of the optimal times for colostrum management and respective health standards (i.e., the prevalence of disorders at optimum). The results showed that the optimal time farmers should spend on colostrum management is approximately 15 min per calf. Furthermore, farmers should err on the side of spending too much time (> 15 min) on colostrum management rather than not enough, unless the cost of labour is high. This is all the more true that potential long term consequences of passive transfer failure on milk yields were not accounted for here due to scarcity of data, leading to consider this time threshold (15 min) as a minimal recommendation. This potential underestimation may arise from the greater nutrient content and bioactive compounds identified in colostrum although the passive immune transfer is here defined through immunoglobulins only. The present results show that for small farms that cannot hire colostrum managers, this work can be performed by the farmer after subcontracting other tasks. Moreover, the method proposed here—the definition of health standards through economic optimisation—is a promising approach to analysing health conventions in the cattle industry.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Isolation of Exosomes and Microvesicles from Cell Culture Systems to Study Prion Transmission

Author

Leblanc, Pascal, Arellano-Anaya, Zaira, Bernard, Emilien, Gallay, Laure, Provansal, Monique, Lehmann, Sylvain, Schaeffer, Laurent, Raposo, Graça, Vilette, Didier, Laboratoire de biologie et modélisation de la cellule (LBMC UMR 5239), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Cellules Souches, Plasticité Cellulaire, Médecine Régénératrice et Immunothérapies (IRMB), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Compartimentation et dynamique cellulaires (CDC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Curie-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de biologie et modélisation de la cellule ( LBMC UMR 5239 ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ), Institut NeuroMyoGène ( INMG ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] ( IHAP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ), CHU Saint-Eloi-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Compartimentation et dynamique cellulaires ( CDC ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -INSTITUT CURIE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
PrPSc Proteins, Prions, PrPC, Spreading, Extracellular vesicles, Cell Fractionation, Exosomes, Prion Diseases, Mice, Cell-Derived Microparticles, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Animals, PrPC Proteins, PrPRes, Cells, Cultured, Microvesicles, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, PrPSc
Abstract

International audience; Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are composed of microvesicles and exosomes. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (40-120 nm sized) of endosomal origin released in the extracellular medium from cells when multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane, whereas microvesicles (i.e., shedding vesicles, 100 nm to 1 μm sized) bud from the plasma membrane. Exosomes and microvesicles carry functional proteins and nucleic acids (especially mRNAs and microRNAs) that can be transferred to surrounding cells and tissues and can impact multiple dimensions of the cellular life. Most of the cells, if not all, from neuronal to immune cells, release exosomes and microvesicles in the extracellular medium, and all biological fluids including blood (serum/plasma), urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva contain EVs.Prion-infected cultured cells are known to secrete infectivity into their environment. We characterized this cell-free form of prions and showed that infectivity was associated with exosomes. Since exosomes are produced by a variety of cells, including cells that actively accumulate prions, they could be a vehicle for infectivity in body fluids and could participate to the dissemination of prions in the organism. In addition, such infectious exosomes also represent a natural, simple, biological material to get key information on the abnormal PrP forms associated with infectivity.In this chapter, we describe first a method that allows exosomes and microvesicles isolation from prion-infected cell cultures and in a second time the strategies to characterize the prions containing exosomes and their ability to disseminate the prion agent.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Review: Towards the agroecological management of ruminants, pigs and poultry through the development of sustainable breeding programmes. II. Breeding strategies

Author

Pauline Ezanno, Laurence Fortun-Lamothe, J. Y. Dourmad, C. R. Moreno, Catherine Belloc, Eliel Gonzalez-Garcia, S. Lubac, Sandrine Mignon-Grasteau, Michèle Tixier-Boichard, Luc Delaby, Brigitte Frappat, J. P. Bidanel, M. Brochard, Catherine Larzul, D. Hazard, Florence Phocas, Gilles Foucras, Bertrand Dumont, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, UMR 1300 Biologie, Epidémiologie et Analyse du Risque, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Biologie, Epidémiologie et Analyse du Risque (BioEpAR)-Santé animale (S.A.), Institut du Porc, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut de l'Elevage, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut Technique de l'Aviculture et des Elevages de Petits Animaux (ITAVI), Recherches Avicoles (SRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative ( GABI ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique ( ONIRIS ) -Biologie, Epidémiologie et Analyse du Risque ( BioEpAR ) -Santé animale ( S.A. ), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] ( PEGASE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), GenPhySE - UMR 1388 ( Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-ENVT, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] ( IHAP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux ( UMR SELMET ), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), Institut Technique de l'Aviculture et des Elevages de Petits Animaux ( ITAVI ), Recherches Avicoles ( SRA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut du Porc (IFIP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), ITAVI, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Swine, Breeding, [ SDV.BA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Poultry, livestock raising, Animal Husbandry, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, Agroforestry, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Ruminants, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Sheep and goats, Agroécologie, cross-breeding, Farming Systems, Animal culture, Phenotype, Livestock, Pigs, local breed, race porcine locale, Genotype, schema de sélection, Public policy, Biology, betail, SF1-1100, 03 medical and health sciences, Crop production, Genetic resources, Animals, Dairy cattle, Animal species, Agroecology, Genetic diversity, Cross breeding, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business.industry, 0402 animal and dairy science, Beef cattle, 15. Life on land, 040201 dairy & animal science, Breeding and genetics, livestock, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, breeding scheme, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract

Agroecology uses ecological processes and local resources rather than chemical inputs to develop productive and resilient livestock and crop production systems. In this context, breeding innovations are necessary to obtain animals that are both productive and adapted to a broad range of local contexts and diversity of systems. Breeding strategies to promote agroecological systems are similar for different animal species. However, current practices differ regarding the breeding of ruminants, pigs and poultry. Ruminant breeding is still an open system where farmers continue to choose their own breeds and strategies. Conversely, pig and poultry breeding is more or less the exclusive domain of international breeding companies which supply farmers with hybrid animals. Innovations in breeding strategies must therefore be adapted to the different species. In developed countries, reorienting current breeding programmes seems to be more effective than developing programmes dedicated to agroecological systems that will struggle to be really effective because of the small size of the populations currently concerned by such systems. Particular attention needs to be paid to determining the respective usefulness of cross-breeding v. straight breeding strategies of well-adapted local breeds. While cross-breeding may offer some immediate benefits in terms of improving certain traits that enable the animals to adapt well to local environmental conditions, it may be difficult to sustain these benefits in the longer term and could also induce an important loss of genetic diversity if the initial pure-bred populations are no longer produced. As well as supporting the value of within-breed diversity, we must preserve between-breed diversity in order to maintain numerous options for adaptation to a variety of production environments and contexts. This may involve specific public policies to maintain and characterize local breeds (in terms of both phenotypes and genotypes), which could be used more effectively if they benefited from the scientific and technical resources currently available for more common breeds. Last but not least, public policies need to enable improved information concerning the genetic resources and breeding tools available for the agroecological management of livestock production systems, and facilitate its assimilation by farmers and farm technicians.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Evaluating the potential of whole-genome sequencing for tracing transmission routes in experimental infections and natural outbreaks of bovine respiratory syncytial virus

Author

Paul C. D. Johnson, Sara Hägglund, Katarina Näslund, Gilles Meyer, Geraldine Taylor, Richard J. Orton, Siamak Zohari, Daniel T. Haydon, Jean François Valarcher, University of Glasgow, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Clinical Sciences, National Veterinary Institute [Uppsala] (SVA), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The Pirbright Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, This project was funded by the Swedish Research Council (Formas, Sweden), grant no. 2016-00463. Some samples were collected through funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Program for research, technological development, and demonstration under the Grant Agreement n° 633184 (Project's name SAPHIR), or from the Swedish Research Council (Formas, Sweden), the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC, UK) and L'Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR, France), through the Emerging and Major Infectious Diseases of Livestock (EMIDA) project in the European Research Area Network (ERA-NET), grant no. FP#87., ANR-10-EMID-0005,BRSV-DIVA(2010), and European Project: 633184,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,SAPHIR(2015)

Subjects
[SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, General Veterinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cattle Diseases, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Clinical Science, Antibodies, Viral, BRSV, molecular epidemiology, whole-genome sequencing, Animals, Cattle, Phylogeny, transmission trees
Abstract

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a major cause of respiratory disease in cattle. Genomic sequencing can resolve phylogenetic relationships between virus populations, which can be used to infer transmission routes and potentially inform the design of biosecurity measures. Sequencing of short (

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Intimin gene (eae) subtypes-based real-time PCR strategy for the specific detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serotypes O157:H7, O26:H11, O103:H2, O111:H8 and O145:H28 in cattle feces

Author

Delphine Bibbal, Estelle Loukiadis, Monique Kérourédan, Carine Peytavin de Garam, Franck Ferré, Philippe Cartier, Emilie Gay, Eric Oswald, Frédéric Auvray, Hubert Brugère, Physiologie et Toxicologie Expérimentales, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Laboratoire d'études et de recherches en pathologie bovine et hygiène des viandes, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), AFSSA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -ENVT, Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] ( IHAP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé humaine ( MICALIS ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech

Subjects
Serotype, 5'-NUCLEASE PCR, [ SDV.TOX ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, medicine.disease_cause, [ SDV.BA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Feces, fluids and secretions, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, SEROGROUPS, Mass Screening, Escherichia coli Infections, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Ecology, [ SDV.MHEP.ME ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli, Public and Environmental Health Microbiology, Escherichia coli Proteins, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, GENOME SEQUENCE, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, IMMUNOMAGNETIC-SEPARATION, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Carrier State, SENSITIVITY, Biotechnology, Veterinary Medicine, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Bacterial genetics, Microbiology, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, O157-H7, 03 medical and health sciences, BOVINE FECES, medicine, Animals, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Adhesins, Bacterial, NON-O157, Escherichia coli, [ SDV.BBM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Mass screening, 030304 developmental biology, Intimin, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 030306 microbiology, STRAINS, Virology, Bacterial adhesin, Cattle, SYSTEM, Food Science
Abstract

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains belonging to serotypes O157:H7, O26:H11, O103:H2, O111:H8, and O145:H28 are known to be associated with particular subtypes of the intimin gene ( eae ), namely, γ1, β1, ε, θ, and γ1, respectively. This study aimed at evaluating the usefulness of their detection for the specific detection of these five main pathogenic STEC serotypes in cattle feces. Using real-time PCR assays, 58.7% of 150 fecal samples were found positive for at least one of the four targeted eae subtypes. The simultaneous presence of stx , eae , and one of the five O group markers was found in 58.0% of the samples, and the five targeted stx plus eae plus O genetic combinations were detected 143 times. However, taking into consideration the association between eae subtypes and O group markers, the resulting stx plus eae subtype plus O combinations were detected only 46 times. The 46 isolation assays performed allowed recovery of 22 E. coli strains belonging to one of the five targeted STEC serogroups. In contrast, only 2 of 39 isolation assays performed on samples that were positive for stx , eae and an O group marker, but that were negative for the corresponding eae subtype, were successful. Characterization of the 24 E. coli isolates showed that 6 were STEC, including 1 O157:H7, 3 O26:H11, and 2 O145:H28. The remaining 18 strains corresponded to atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC). Finally, the more discriminating eae subtype-based PCR strategy described here may be helpful for the specific screening of the five major STEC in cattle feces.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Inferring within‐flock transmission dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus in France, 2020

Author

Simon Gubbins, Debapriyo Chakraborty, Jean-Luc Guérin, Hugo Gruson, Billy Bauzile, Claire Guinat, Timothée Vergne, Mathieu Andraud, Mattias Delpont, Mathilde Paul, Benjamin Roche, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The Pirbright Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering [ETH Zürich] (D-BSSE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Sorbonne Université (SU), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), The authors would like to thank the French Ministry of Agriculture and the veterinary services of the Landes department for their support inimplementing this study. The work was carried out within the frame work of the 'Chaire de Biosécurité aviaire' at the 'École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse', which is funded by the French Ministry of Agriculture. CG has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 842621.SG was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (grant codes: BB/E/I/00007036andBB/E/I/00007037)., European Project: 0842621(2009), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute for Animal Health, the Pirbright Institute, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, Avian flu, Beta, Duck, Interference, Mechanistic model, Mortality, R0, Spread, duck, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, spread, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Disease Outbreaks, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Credible interval, Animals, avian flu, Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype, Poultry Diseases, inference, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, mechanistic model, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Outbreak, Bayes Theorem, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Poultry farming, mortality, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, 3. Good health, Ducks, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Influenza in Birds, beta, France, Flock, business, Epidemic model
Abstract

Following the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N8) in France in early December 2020, we used duck mortality data from the index farm to investigate within-flock transmission dynamics. A stochastic epidemic model was fitted to the daily mortality data and model parameters were estimated using an approximate Bayesian computation sequential Monte Carlo (ABC-SMC) algorithm. The model predicted that the first bird in the flock was infected 5 days (95% credible interval, CI: 3–6) prior to the day of suspicion and that the transmission rate was 4.1 new infections per day (95% CI: 2.8–5.8). On average, ducks became infectious 4.1 h (95% CI: 0.7–9.1) after infection and remained infectious for 4.3 days (95% CI: 2.8–5.7). The model also predicted that 34% (50% prediction interval: 8%–76%) of birds would already be infectious by the day of suspicion, emphasizing the substantial latent threat this virus could pose to other poultry farms and to neighbouring wild birds. This study illustrates how mechanistic models can help provide rapid relevant insights that contribute to the management of infectious disease outbreaks of farmed animals. These methods can be applied to future outbreaks and the resulting parameter estimates made available to veterinary services within a few hours. ISSN:1865-1674 ISSN:1865-1682

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Therapeutic Assay with the Non-toxic C-Terminal Fragment of Tetanus Toxin (TTC) in Transgenic Murine Models of Prion Disease

Author

Inmaculada Martín-Burriel, Óscar López-Pérez, Juan José Badiola, Marina Betancor, Alicia Otero, Laura Moreno-Martínez, Rosa Bolea, Rosario Osta, Adelaida Hernaiz, Tomás Barrio, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón [Zaragoza] (IIS Aragón), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza]-Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge [Barcelone] (IDIBELL), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE‐CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. The project has been 65% cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Interreg V-A Spain-France-Andorra programme (POCTEFA 2014–2020). POCTEFA aims to reinforce the economic and social integration of the French–Spanish–Andorran border. Its support is focused on developing economic, social and environmental cross-border activities through joint strategies favouring sustainable territorial development., European Project: ERDF, European Project: EFA282/13, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Genetically modified mouse, Male, Prion diseases, Transgene, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], animal diseases, Neuroscience (miscellaneous), Scrapie, Mice, Transgenic, Pilot Projects, Biology, Neuroprotection, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Toxina tetànica, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Autofàgia, medicine, Autophagy, Animals, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Neurodegeneration, Sheep, Brain, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, nervous system diseases, Tetanus toxin, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Neurology, Trk receptor, Cancer research, Prion, Female, Malalties per prions, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The non-toxic C-terminal fragment of the tetanus toxin (TTC) has been described as a neuroprotective molecule since it binds to Trk receptors and activates Trk-dependent signaling, activating neuronal survival pathways and inhibiting apoptosis. Previous in vivo studies have demonstrated the ability of this molecule to increase mice survival, inhibit apoptosis and regulate autophagy in murine models of neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy. Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders in which the main pathogenic event is the conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into an abnormal and misfolded isoform known as PrPSc. These diseases share different pathological features with other neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease. Hitherto, there are no effective therapies to treat prion diseases. Here, we present a pilot study to test the therapeutic potential of TTC to treat prion diseases. C57BL6 wild-type mice and the transgenic mice Tg338, which overexpress PrPC, were intracerebrally inoculated with scrapie prions and then subjected to a treatment consisting of repeated intramuscular injections of TTC. Our results indicate that TTC displays neuroprotective effects in the murine models of prion disease reducing apoptosis, regulating autophagy and therefore increasing neuronal survival, although TTC did not increase survival time in these models.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma in a donkey – a case report

Author

Jevgenija Kondratjeva, Florie Julien, Céline Coutelier, Louis Humeau, Fabien Moog, Daniel Combarros, Isabelle Fourquaux, Charline Pressanti, Maxence Delverdier, Peter F. Moore, Marie Christine Cadiergues, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Selarl Hippovet Aude, Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), The Dermatology Unit of ENVT funded all complementary analyses., and RIOU, Christine

Subjects
Male, Skin Neoplasms, General Veterinary, Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Clonality test, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta, General Medicine, Equidae, Equus asinus, Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Mycosis Fungoides, Donkey, Animals, Dermatitis, Exfoliative, Skin
Abstract

Background Cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma is a malignant tumour of the skin already reported in humans, dogs, cats, horses, and other species, but not previously in donkeys. The standard diagnosis is based on clinical, morphological and immunophenotypic data. Differentiation of malignant versus benign proliferation of lymphocytes is crucial; in ambiguous cases T-cell receptor gamma (TRG) molecular clonality should be tested. In the present paper, we report a case of mycosis fungoides diagnosed in a donkey whose diagnosis was based on clinical, histological and immunohistochemical aspects and a positive TRG clonality test. Case presentation A twenty-five-year-old donkey gelding was referred with a mildly pruritic, generalised and severe exfoliative dermatosis. Otherwise, the animal was clinically healthy, though mildly underweight. Dermatological examination revealed severe generalised alopecic and exfoliative dermatitis, occasionally eroded, with high number of large, thin, greyish scales. All mucocutaneous junctions except the hoofs were affected. Ectoparasites and dermatophytes were ruled out. The complete blood count and blood smear evaluation revealed mild normocytic normochromic anemia. The biochemistry panel showed mild hyperproteinemia with albumin within the normal range. Protein electrophoresis showed moderate polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Histological findings were characterised by interface dermatitis with massive exocytosis in the epidermis of a homogenous population of lymphoid cells showing atypia. Clusters of neoplastic cells were present within the epidermis forming Pautrier “microabscesses”. These findings are consistent with cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma. Immunohistochemical staining revealed uniform labelling of the neoplastic cells for CD3, and lack of expression of CD20 (a B cell lineage associated marker). Molecular clonality PCR (PARR) was performed using equine TRG primers; this revealed a clonal rearrangement in a heavy polyclonal background. Transmission electronic microscopy showed multiple lymphocytes with convoluted or cerebriform nuclei. Conclusions This case report provides the first evidence of clinical, histopathological, immunophenotypic features, electron microscopy findings and molecular analysis of a cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) in a donkey. Our observations suggest that cutaneous T-cell lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnoses of exfoliative dermatitis, even those progressing in a chronic pattern and/or with few or no pruritus.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Diagnosis of animal trypanosomoses: proper use of current tools and future prospects

Author

Marc Desquesnes, Alireza Sazmand, Marisa Gonzatti, Alain Boulangé, Géraldine Bossard, Sophie Thévenon, Geoffrey Gimonneau, Philippe Truc, Stéphane Herder, Sophie Ravel, Denis Sereno, Etienne Waleckx, Vincent Jamonneau, Philippe Jacquiet, Sathaporn Jittapalapong, David Berthier, Philippe Solano, Laurent Hébert, Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Bu-Ali Sina University, Universidad Simon Bolivar (USB), Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone sub-humide (CIRDES), Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Kasetsart University (KU), Physiopathologie et épidémiologie des maladies équines (PhEED), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, and Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)

Subjects
Pan-trypanosome ELISA, Trypanosoma, Trypanosoma cruzi, MESH: Africa, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Trypanosome, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, Trypanosomiasis, Trypanosomose, Integrative trypanosomosis diagnosis, Animals, Surveillance épidémiologique, MESH: Animals, MESH: Animals, Domestic, MESH: Chagas Disease, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Chagas Disease, Diagnostic, POCD, Maladie de chagas, PSR, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Trypanosomosis, Contrôle de maladies, Dourine, L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales, Trypanosomose africaine, Infectious Diseases, Maladie des animaux, Animals, Domestic, Africa, Parasitology, MESH: Trypanosomiasis, MESH: Trypanosoma cruzi, MESH: Trypanosoma
Abstract

Reliable diagnostic tools are needed to choose the appropriate treatment and proper control measures for animal trypanosomoses, some of which are pathogenic.Trypanosoma cruzi, for example, is responsible for Chagas disease in Latin America. Similarly, pathogenic animal trypanosomoses of African origin (ATAO), including a variety ofTrypanosomaspecies and subspecies, are currently found in Africa, Latin America and Asia. ATAO limit global livestock productivity and impact food security and the welfare of domestic animals. This review focusses on implementing previously reviewed diagnostic methods, in a complex epizootiological scenario, by critically assessing diagnostic results at the individual or herd level. In most cases, a single diagnostic method applied at a given time does not unequivocally identify the various parasitological and disease statuses of a host. These include “non-infected”, “asymptomatic carrier”, “sick infected”, “cured/not cured” and/or “multi-infected”. The diversity of hosts affected by these animal trypanosomoses and their vectors (or other routes of transmission) is such that integrative, diachronic approaches are needed that combine: (i) parasite detection, (ii) DNA, RNA or antigen detection and (iii) antibody detection, along with epizootiological information. The specificity of antibody detection tests is restricted to the genus or subgenus due to cross-reactivity with otherTrypanosomaspp. and Trypanosomatidae, but sensitivity is high. The DNA-based methods implemented over the last three decades have yielded higher specificity and sensitivity for active infection detection in hosts and vectors. However, no single diagnostic method can detect all active infections and/or trypanosome species or subspecies. The proposed integrative approach will improve the prevention, surveillance and monitoring of animal trypanosomoses with the available diagnostic tools. However, further developments are required to address specific gaps in diagnostic methods and the sustainable control or elimination of these diseases.Graphical Abstract

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Quantification and characterisation of commensal wild birds and their interactions with domestic ducks on a free-range farm in southwest France

Author

Chloé Le Gall-Ladevèze, Claire Guinat, Pierre Fievet, Benjamin Vollot, Jean-Luc Guérin, Julien Cappelle, Guillaume Le Loc’h, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering [ETH Zürich] (D-BSSE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (CEN PACA ), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), This study was performed in the framework of the 'Chaire de Biosecurite Aviaire', hosted by the National Veterinary College of Toulouse (ENVT) and funded by the Direction Generale de l'Alimentation, Ministere de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, France. This work was financially supported by the FEDER/Region Occitanie Recherche et Societes 2018-AI-TRACK. CG is funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 842621., and European Project: 777657,H2020-EU.1.3.3. - Stimulating innovation by means of cross-fertilisation of knowledge,777657,MSCA-RISE(2018)

Subjects
Farms, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], animal diseases, Analyse de réseau, Animals, Wild, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Poultry, Birds, Passer domesticus, Animals, Canard, Élevage en liberté, Poultry Diseases, Moineau, Multidisciplinary, Passer montanus, Distribution spatiale, Oiseau, Ducks, Influenza in Birds, commensal, Élevage de volailles
Abstract

The role of commensal birds in the epidemiology of pathogens in poultry farms remains unclear. Our study aimed to identify potential key species for interactions with domestic ducks on one free-range duck farm in southwest France. Methods combined direct individual observations on duck outdoor foraging areas, network analysis, and general linear mixed models of abundances. Results showed a wide diversity of wild bird species visiting foraging areas, heavily dominated in frequency by White wagtails (Motacilla alba) and Sparrows (Passer domesticus and Passer montanus). These also were the only species seen entering duck premises or perching on drinkers in the presence of ducks. Moreover, White wagtails were the species most frequently observed on the ground and in close proximity to ducks. Network analysis suggested the role of White wagtails and Sparrows in linking ducks to other wild birds on the farm. The abundance of White wagtails was positively associated with open vegetation, with the presence of ducks and particularly in the afternoon, while the abundance of Sparrows was positively associated only with the fall-winter season. By precisely characterising interactions, the study was able to identify few wild bird species which should be prioritized in infectious investigations at the interface with poultry., Scientific Reports, 12, ISSN:2045-2322

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Newcastle disease virus transmission dynamics in wild peridomestic birds in the United Arab Emirates

Author

Guillaume Le Loc'h, Jean-Luc Guérin, Julien Hirschinger, Timothée Vergne, Yves Hingrat, Lucile Marescot, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Reneco International Wildlife Consultants LLC, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The study was funded by the NARC and the SKHBC-AD, two projects under the leadership of the IFHC., Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, 040301 veterinary sciences, Virus transmission, Newcastle Disease, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Science, Population, Population Dynamics, Newcastle disease virus, United Arab Emirates, Animals, Wild, Disease, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Viral infection, Newcastle disease, Communicable Diseases, Article, 0403 veterinary science, Birds, Epidemiology, medicine, Computational models, Animals, education, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Longitudinal field, Medicine, Demography
Abstract

To understand the dynamics of a pathogen in an animal population, one must assess how the infection status of individuals changes over time. With wild animals, this can be very challenging because individuals can be difficult to trap and sample, even more so since they are tested with imperfect diagnostic techniques. Multi-event capture-recapture models allow analysing longitudinal capture data of individuals whose infection status is assessed using imperfect tests. In this study, we used a two-year dataset from a longitudinal field study of peridomestic wild bird populations in the United Arab Emirates during which thousands of birds from various species were captured, sampled and tested for Newcastle disease virus exposure using a serological test. We developed a multi-event capture-recapture model to estimate important demographic and epidemiological parameters of the disease. The modelling outputs provided important insights into the understanding of Newcastle disease dynamics in peridomestics birds, which varies according to ecological and epidemiological parameters, and useful information in terms of surveillance strategies. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to model the dynamics of Newcastle disease in wild bird populations by combining longitudinal capture data and serological test results. Overall, it showcased that multi-event capture-recapture models represent a suitable method to analyse imperfect capture data and make reliable inferences on infectious disease dynamics in wild populations.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. CD5 signalosome coordinates antagonist TCR signals to control the generation of Treg cells induced by foreign antigens

Author

Ki-Duk Song, Hélène Daniels-Treffandier, Gaëtan Blaize, Meryem Aloulou, Anne Gonzalez de Peredo, Renaud Lesourne, Mylène Gador, Mariette F. Ducatez, Mehdi Benamar, Marlène Marcellin, Cui Yang, Nicolas Fazilleau, Abdelhadi Saoudi, Paul E. Love, Odile Burlet-Schiltz, Nelly Rouquié, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), This work was supported by INSERM and Sanofi (Avenir grant to R.L.), the Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Healthand Human Development, a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant (to R.L.), the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research (PhD fellow-ship to G.B.), the Région Midi-Pyrénées, European funds (Fonds Européensde Développement Régional), Toulouse Métropole, and the French Ministry of Research with the ‘Investissement d’Avenir Infrastructures Nationales en Biologie et Santé' program (ProFI, Proteomics French Infrastructure project ANR-10-INBS-08) (to O.B.-S.)., and ANR-10-INBS-0008,ProFI,Infrastructure Française de Protéomique(2010)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, T cell, Primary Cell Culture, T cells, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, Mice, Transgenic, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, CD5 Antigens, Lymphocyte Activation, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Mass Spectrometry, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Transactivation, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Antigen, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Animals, Antigens, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, T-cell receptor, FOXP3, Cell Differentiation, hemic and immune systems, Biological Sciences, Cell biology, coreceptors, CRKL, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, Gene Expression Regulation, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Phosphorylation, signaling, Signal Transduction
Abstract

CD5 is characterized as an inhibitory coreceptor with an important regulatory role during T cell development. The molecular mechanism by which CD5 operates has been puzzling and its function in mature T cells suggests promoting rather than repressing effects on immune responses. Here, we combined quantitative mass spectrometry and genetic studies to analyze the components and the activity of the CD5 signaling machinery in primary T cells. We found that T cell receptor (TCR) engagement induces the selective phosphorylation of CD5 tyrosine 429, which serves as a docking site for proteins with adaptor functions (c-Cbl, CIN85, CRKL), connecting CD5 to positive (PI3K) and negative (UBASH3A, SHIP1) regulators of TCR signaling. c-CBL acts as a coordinator in this complex enabling CD5 to synchronize positive and negative feedbacks on TCR signaling through the other components. Disruption of CD5 signalosome in mutant mice reveals that it modulates TCR signal outputs to selectively repress the transactivation of Foxp3 and limit the inopportune induction of peripherally induced regulatory T cells during immune responses against foreign antigen. Our findings bring insights into the paradigm of coreceptor signaling, suggesting that, in addition to providing dualistic enhancing or dampening inputs, coreceptors can engage concomitant stimulatory and inhibitory signaling events, which act together to promote specific functional outcomes.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the nomadic free-grazing duck production system in Viet Nam

Author

Anne Meyer, Pawin Padungtod, Katriina Willgert, Nhu Van Thu, Dinh Xuan Tung, Guillaume Fournié, Nguyen Thanh Thuy, Dirk U. Pfeiffer, Pham Thanh Long, Timothée Vergne, Scott H. Newman, Royal Veterinary College [London], University of London [London], Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Disease Dynamics Unit [UK], Ausvet Europe, Institute of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development (IEHSD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Global Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development [Hanoï] (MARD), City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This work was supported by a British Council Institutional Links grant under the Newton Fund (Grant ID: 172711836), which is administered through the UK Department for Business Innovation and Skills., Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Willgert, Katriina [0000-0003-3586-1997], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, Indirect Transmission, 040301 veterinary sciences, animal diseases, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Article, law.invention, Disease Outbreaks, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, law, medicine, Influenza A virus, Animals, lcsh:Science, Preventive medicine, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, Viet nam, Vaccination, lcsh:R, Outbreak, virus diseases, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Disinfection, Motor Vehicles, 030104 developmental biology, Transmission (mechanics), Ducks, Vietnam, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza in Birds, Communicable Disease Control, lcsh:Q, Flock, Influenza virus
Abstract

The presence of free-grazing ducks (FGD) has consistently been shown to be associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 outbreaks in South-East Asia. However, the lack of knowledge about the transmission pathways limits the effectiveness of control efforts. To address this gap, we developed a probabilistic transmission model of HPAIV H5N1 in the nomadic FGD production system in Viet Nam, assuming different scenarios to address parameter uncertainty. Results suggested that HPAIV H5N1 could spread within the nomadic FGD production system, with an estimated flock-level effective reproduction number (re) ranging from 2.16 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39-3.49) to 6.10 (95%CI: 3.93-9.85) depending on the scenario. Indirect transmission via boats and trucks was shown to be the main transmission route in all scenarios. Results suggest that re could be reduced below one with 95% confidence if 86% of FGD flocks were vaccinated in the best-case scenario or 95% in the worst-case scenario. If vaccination was combined with cleaning and disinfection of transport vehicles twice a week, vaccination coverage could be lowered to 60% in the best-case scenario. These findings are of particular relevance for prioritising interventions for effective control of HPAIV in nomadic free-grazing duck production systems.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Corneal anesthesia associated with topical application of 2% lidocaine nonophthalmic gel to healthy canine eyes

Author

Alain Regnier, Jean-Yves Douet, Marie-Claire Robin, Aurélie Papin, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Lidocaine, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Corneal Touch, corneal anesthesia, Baseline level, Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer lidocaine 2% gel, Cornea, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, 0302 clinical medicine, Corneal Sensitivity, Corneal anesthesia, Ophthalmology, medicine, Animals, Anesthetics, Local, General Veterinary, business.industry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Anesthetic Effect, corneal sensitivity, eye diseases, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, dog, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Punctate epithelial erosions, Female, sense organs, Ophthalmic Solutions, business, Gels, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; Objective: To assess the degree and duration of corneal anesthesia induced by topical application of 2% lidocaine gel to the healthy canine eye.Animals Nineteen adult Beagles free of ocular abnormalities.Procedures: Baseline corneal touch threshold (CTT) was measured bilaterally with a Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer. The 2% lidocaine gel (0.1 mL) was applied to one eye, randomly assigned, and the same volume of a lubricant gel was applied to the opposite eye. The CTT measurements were repeated bilaterally within 1 minute, after drug application, and every 5 minutes, until the baseline corneal sensitivity was restored. The potential for local adverse effects was evaluated.Results: Complete desensitization of the cornea (CTT = 0) was achieved one minute after lidocaine gel application and was maintained during 25.3 +/- 12.5 minutes. Overall, the corneal sensitivity was significantly decreased for 58.4 +/- 16.6 minutes compared with baseline level. Minor and reversible punctate epithelial erosions of the cornea were observed in the two treatment groups and were attributed to the anesthetic effect and the aesthesiometry procedure.Conclusions: In the current study, the 2% lidocaine gel provided a sustained, deep and well-tolerated corneal anesthesia in ophthalmically normal dogs.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Unfavorable genetic correlations between fecal egg count and milk production traits in the French blond-faced Manech dairy sheep breed

Author

Sophie Aguerre, Jean-Michel Astruc, Andrés Legarra, Léa Bordes, Françoise Prevot, Christelle Grisez, Corinne Vial Novella, Francis Fidelle, Philippe Jacquiet, Carole Moreno-Romieux, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de l'élevage, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), UMT Pilotage de la Santé des Ruminants, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre Départemental de l'Elevage Ovin (CDEO), Phenotyping of the rams of the selection scheme was funded by the projects Action innovante FENOPAR (France Genetique Elevage) and PARALUT (Projet Region Nouvelle Aquitaine). The project Sustradeoff (ERANET SUSAN, 696231) contributed to the funding of the data analysis. The authors are grateful to Francis Fidelle (CDEO, Ordiap, France) for assisting with animal care and data collection. Sophie Aguerre acknowledges the support of the Région Occitanie and INRAE Animal Health and Animal Genetics Divisions for her Ph.D. grant., and European Project: 696231,H2020,H2020-ISIB-2015-1,SusAn(2016)

Subjects
Male, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Sheep, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Sheep Diseases, [SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny, General Medicine, Milk, Genetics, Animals, Lactation, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Sheep, Domestic, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Background Genetic selection has proven to be a successful strategy for the sustainable control of gastrointestinal parasitism in sheep. However, little is known on the relationship between resistance to parasites and production traits in dairy breeds. In this study, we estimated the heritabilities and genetic correlations for resistance to parasites and milk production traits in the blond-faced Manech breed. The resistance to parasites of 951 rams from the selection scheme was measured through fecal egg counts (FEC) at 30 days post-infection under experimental conditions. Six milk production traits [milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), fat content (FC), protein content (PC) and somatic cell score (LSCS)], were used in this study and were collected on 140,127 dairy ewes in first lactation, as part of the official milk recording. These ewes were related to the 951 rams (65% of the ewes were daughters of the rams). Results Fecal egg counts at the end of the first and second infections were moderately heritable (0.19 and 0.37, respectively) and highly correlated (0.93). Heritabilities were moderate for milk yields (ranging from 0.24 to 0.29 for MY, FY and PY) and high for FC (0.35) and PC (0.48). MY was negatively correlated with FC and PC (− 0.39 and − 0.45, respectively). FEC at the end of the second infection were positively correlated with MY, FY and PY (0.28, 0.29 and 0.24, respectively with standard errors of ~ 0.10). These slightly unfavorable correlations indicate that the animals with a high production potential are genetically more susceptible to gastrointestinal parasite infections. A low negative correlation (− 0.17) was also found between FEC after the second infection and LSCS, which suggests that there is a small genetic antagonism between resistance to gastrointestinal parasites and resistance to mastitis, which is another important health trait in dairy sheep. Conclusions Our results indicate an unfavorable but low genetic relationship between resistance to gastrointestinal parasites and milk production traits in the blond-faced Manech breed. These results will help the breeders’ association make decisions about how to include resistance to parasites in the selection objective.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Co-variation between glucocorticoids, behaviour and immunity supports the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis: an experimental approach

Author

Rupert Palme, Chloé Monestier, Marie-Line Maublanc, Marine Wasniewski, Benoit Rannou, Guillaume Le Loc’h, Typhaine Lavabre, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Hélène Verheyden, Luca Börger, Benjamin Rey, Jeffrey Carbillet, Nicolas Cebe, Jean-Luc Rames, Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Bankiva, Swansea University, Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Inovie Vet, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy (LRFSN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), SEGUIN, Nathalie, Marchal-Mauer, Sophie, Dynamiques eco-évolutives des maladies infectieuses - - ECOFECT2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0048 - LABX - VALID, PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE - - Avenir L.S.E.2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0007 - IDEX - VALID, ANR-11-LABX-0048,ECOFECT,Dynamiques eco-évolutives des maladies infectieuses(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), and Laboratoire de Lyon [ANSES]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Hydrocortisone, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, animal diseases, Adaptive immunity, Physiology, Inflammation, Animals, Wild, Biology, Stress, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Cortisol, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Capreolus, Immunity, biology.animal, medicine, Animals, Glucocorticoids, General Environmental Science, 030304 developmental biology, Innate immunity, 0303 health sciences, Innate immune system, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, Deer, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, General Medicine, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Acquired immune system, Coping style, 3. Good health, Vaccination, Roe deer, bacteria, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, medicine.symptom, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

The biomedical literature has consistently highlighted that long-term elevation of glucocorticoids might impair immune functions, while short-term elevation might enhance them. In contrast, in wild and free-ranging animals, patterns are less clear. In the present study, we explored the stress-immunity relationship in controlled conditions, taking into account the potential effects of behavioural profiles. Thirteen captive roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) were monitored over an eight-week period encompassing two capture events. We assessed how changes in baseline faecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) concentrations following a standardised capture protocol and vaccination affected changes in thirteen immune parameters of the innate and adaptive immunity, and whether behavioural profiles were linked to changes in baseline FCM levels and immune parameters. We found that individuals showing an increase in baseline FCM levels over time also exhibited an increase in immunity, for both the innate and adaptive immunity and were characterised by more reactive behavioural profiles (as indicated by low activity levels, docility to manipulation and neophilia). Consequently, our results suggest that immunity of large mammals may be influenced by their stress level, but also by their behavioural profiles, as it is predicted by the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis. Our analysis therefore highlights the need to consider co-variations between behavioural profiles, immunity and stress hormones in order to gain a better understanding of the unexplained among-individual variability in the glucocorticoids-immunity relationships observed in wildlife, as they may be underpinned by different life-history strategies.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Phylodynamic analysis of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 epidemic in France, 2016–2017

Author

Debapriyo Chakraborty, Claire Guinat, Nicola F. Müller, Francois‐Xavier Briand, Mathieu Andraud, Axelle Scoizec, Sophie Lebouquin, Eric Niqueux, Audrey Schmitz, Beatrice Grasland, Jean‐Luc Guerin, Mathilde C. Paul, Timothée Vergne, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering [ETH Zürich] (D-BSSE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), FEDER/Région Occitanie Recherche et Sociétés 2018-AI-TRACK, PREDYT project (Fonds de la Recherche pour l'Influenza Aviaire 2019), the Direction Generale de l'Alimentation, Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, France, the Swiss National Science Foundation, and European Project: 730997,EUROCHAMP2020(2020)

Subjects
virus evolution, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, modelling infectious disease dynamics, virus molecular epidemiology, animal diseases, viruses, General Medicine, Poultry, Disease Outbreaks, emerging infectious diseases, outbreak analytics, reconstruction of viral transmission, Ducks, Influenza in Birds, Animals, Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype, France, Poultry Diseases
Abstract

In 2016-2017, France experienced a devastating epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8, with more than 400 outbreaks reported in poultry farms. We analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of the epidemic using a structured-coalescent-based phylodynamic approach that combined viral genomic data (n = 196; one viral genome per farm) and epidemiological data. In the process, we estimated viral migration rates between departements (French administrative regions) and the temporal dynamics of the effective viral population size (Ne) in each departement. Viral migration rates quantify viral spread between departements and Ne is a population genetic measure of the epidemic size and, in turn, is indicative of the within-departement transmission intensity. We extended the phylodynamic analysis with a generalized linear model to assess the impact of multiple factors-including large-scale preventive culling and live-duck movement bans-on viral migration rates and Ne. We showed that the large-scale culling of ducks that was initiated on 4 January 2017 significantly reduced the viral spread between departements. No relationship was found between the viral spread and duck movements between departements. The within-departement transmission intensity was found to be weakly associated with the intensity of duck movements within departements. Together, these results indicated that the virus spread in short distances, either between adjacent departements or within departements. Results also suggested that the restrictions on duck transport within departements might not have stopped the viral spread completely. Overall, we demonstrated the usefulness of phylodynamics in characterizing the dynamics of a HPAI epidemic and assessing control measures. This method can be adapted to investigate other epidemics of fast-evolving livestock pathogens., Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 69 (5), ISSN:1865-1674, ISSN:1865-1682

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Influenza viruses and coronaviruses: Knowns, unknowns, and common research challenges

Author

Olivier Terrier, Mustapha Si-Tahar, Mariette Ducatez, Christophe Chevalier, Andrés Pizzorno, Ronan Le Goffic, Thibaut Crépin, Gaëlle Simon, Nadia Naffakh, Groupement de Recherche sur les Virus Influenza (ResaFlu), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Tours (UT), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM (UR 0892)), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Virologie (CNRS - UMR3569), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Virology and human respiratory Pathologies - Virology and human respiratory Pathologies (VirPath), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Biologie des ARN et virus influenza - RNA Biology of Influenza Virus, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), The french influenza research network, ResaFlu, coordinated by NN, is funded by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS GDR 2073)., Thomas, Frank, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie des ARN et virus influenza - RNA Biology of Influenza Virus (CNRS-UMR3569), INSERM U1111, International Center for Research in Infectiology, Université Paris-Saclay, Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CNRS GDR2073

Subjects
RNA viruses, Viral Diseases, Coronaviruses, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, Review, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical Conditions, Public and Occupational Health, Biology (General), Pathology and laboratory medicine, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, 0303 health sciences, Vaccines, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], virus diseases, Viral Load, Medical microbiology, Orthomyxoviridae, Vaccination and Immunization, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Influenza A virus, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Viruses, Pathogens, SARS CoV 2, SARS coronavirus, Infectious Disease Control, [SDV.BBM.BS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], QH301-705.5, Immunology, Antiviral Agents, Microbiology, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Development, Virology, Influenza, Human, Vaccine Development, Genetics, Animals, Humans, Influenza viruses, Selection, Genetic, Molecular Biology, Pandemics, 030304 developmental biology, Medicine and health sciences, Biology and life sciences, SARS-CoV-2, Organisms, Viral pathogens, COVID-19, Viral Vaccines, Covid 19, RC581-607, Influenza, Microbial pathogens, 13. Climate action, Parasitology, Preventive Medicine, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Orthomyxoviruses
Abstract

International audience; The development of safe and effective vaccines in a record time after the emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a remarkable achievement, partly based on the experience gained from multiple viral outbreaks in the past decades. However, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis also revealed weaknesses in the global pandemic response and large gaps that remain in our knowledge of the biology of coronaviruses (CoVs) and influenza viruses, the 2 major respiratory viruses with pandemic potential. Here, we review current knowns and unknowns of influenza viruses and CoVs, and we highlight common research challenges they pose in 3 areas: the mechanisms of viral emergence and adaptation to humans, the physiological and molecular determinants of disease severity, and the development of control strategies. We outline multidisciplinary approaches and technological innovations that need to be harnessed in order to improve preparedeness to the next pandemic.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Divulgação dos metabólitos bioativos envolvidos nos efeitos anténticos in vitro de plantas tolerantes ao sal através de uma abordagem combinada usando PVPP e HPLC-ESI-MSn

Author

Marta Oliveira, Caroline Sprengel Lima, Setha Ketavong, Eulogio J. Llorent-Martínez, Hervé Hoste, Luísa Custódio, University of Algarve, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), INRAe, University of Jaén, Université de Toulouse, Centre of Marine Sciences [Faro] (CCMAR), University of Algarve [Portugal], Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad de Jaén (UJA), This work was supported by Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), the Portuguese National Budget funding (GreenVet-ALG-01-0145-FEDER-028876 and UIDB/04326/2020 projects), the bilateral PESSOA project between France and Portugal (37956XD) and the PRIMA project HaloFarMs (2019-SECTION2-16). Marta Oliveira acknowledges FCT for the PhD grant SFRH/BD/123658/2016. Luísa Custódio was supported by FCT Scientific Employment Stimulus (CEECIND/00425/2017). Caroline Sprengel-Lima acknowledges CAPES (finance code 001) for the scholarship and the Doctoral Program Sandwich Abroad (Grant 88881.187940/2018-01)., and European Project: 147257,FCT::,UID/2013,UID/Multi/04326/2013(2015)

Subjects
Trichostrongylus, Compostos fenólicos, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Science, Extratos, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Article, parasitic diseases, Animals, Antioxidante, Exelasthment, Anthelmintics, Trichostrongyus-Colubriformis, Multidisciplinary, Plant Extracts, Pistacia-Lentisco, Drug discovery, Biological techniques, food and beverages, Salt-Tolerant Plants, Haemonchus-Contortustricho, Larvas infecciosas, Plant Leaves, Larvas do 3º estágio, Nematoides gastrointestinais, Medicine, Haemonchus, Plant sciences, Biotechnology
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:48:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-12-01 Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia Strategies to reduce dependence on synthetic drugs for the treatment of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) infections in ruminants include the search for novel anthelmintic scaffolds on plants, yet salt-tolerant plants remain overlooked. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic properties of selected salt-tolerant plants against GIN, and identify the potential bioactive secondary metabolites involved. For that purpose, 80% acetone/water extracts were prepared from dried biomass of aerial organs of nine salt-tolerant plant species and tested against Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis by the Larval Exsheathment Inhibition Assay (LEIA) and Egg Hatching Inhibition Assay (EHIA). Pistacia lentiscus, Limoniatrum monopetalum, Cladium mariscus and Helychrisum italicum picardi were the most active in both GIN and life stages. To investigate the role of polyphenols in the anthelmintic activity, four selected extracts were treated with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), and non-treated and treated samples were further characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-ESI-MSn). While polyphenols seem responsible for the EHIA properties, they are partially accountable to LEIA results. Several phenolics involved in the anthelmintic effects were identified and discussed. In sum, these species are rich sources of anthelmintic compounds and, therefore, are of major interest for nutraceutical and/or phytotherapeutic applications against GIN in ruminants. Centre of Marine Sciences University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas Laboratory of Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutics IBILCE São Paulo State University UMR 1225 IHAP INRAe, 23 Chemin des Capelles Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Experimental Sciences University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas ENVT Université de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles Laboratory of Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutics IBILCE São Paulo State University Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area: 2019-SECTION2-16 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia: CEECIND/00425/2017 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia: Multi/04326/2020

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Invited review: A critical appraisal of mastitis vaccines for dairy cows

Author

Gilles Foucras, Pierre Germon, Florence B. Gilbert, Pascal Rainard, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This work was supported by INRAE, 147 rue de l'Université, Paris, France., and Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, mammary gland, Cattle Diseases, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, mastitis, 03 medical and health sciences, Mammary Glands, Animal, Animal welfare, Streptococcal Infections, vaccine, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Intensive care medicine, Dairy farming, Mastitis, Bovine, 030304 developmental biology, Streptococcus uberis, 0303 health sciences, Vaccines, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Streptococcus, adaptive immunity, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Mastitis, Critical appraisal, Streptococcus agalactiae, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, cattle, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, business, Food Science
Abstract

International audience; Infections of the mammary gland remain a frequent disease of dairy ruminants that negatively affect animal welfare, milk quality, farmer serenity, and farming profitability and cause an increase in use of antimicrobials. There is a need for efficacious vaccines to alleviate the burden of mastitis in dairy farming, but this need has not been satisfactorily fulfilled despite decades of research. A careful appraisal of past and current research on mastitis vaccines reveals the peculiarities but also the commonalities among mammary gland infections associated with the major mastitis pathogens Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae, or Streptococcus dysgalactiae. A major pitfall is that the immune mechanisms of effective protection have not been fully identified. Until now, vaccine development has been directed toward the generation of antibodies. In this review, we drew up an inventory of the main approaches used to design vaccines that aim at the major pathogens for the mammary gland, and we critically appraised the current and tentative vaccines. In particular, we sought to relate efficacy to vaccine-induced defense mechanisms to shed light on some possible reasons for current vaccine shortcomings. Based on the lessons learned from past attempts and the recent results of current research, the design of effective vaccines may take a new turn in the years to come.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Review on PRNP genetics and susceptibility to chronic wasting disease of Cervidae

Author

Vincent Béringue, Katayoun Moazami-Goudarzi, Olivier Andreoletti, Jean-Luc Vilotte, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Université Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM (UR 0892)), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-20-CE35-0015,EU-CWD,Evaluer et controler les risques sanitaires associés à l'émergence du CWD en Europe(2020), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
CWD, Genotype, 040301 veterinary sciences, Host–pathogen interaction, Veterinary medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], animal diseases, Population, Disease, Review, Biology, transgenic mice, Prion Proteins, PRNP, 0403 veterinary science, strains, 03 medical and health sciences, SF600-1100, medicine, Animals, prions, Selection, Genetic, education, host pathogen interaction, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Polymorphism, Genetic, General Veterinary, Cervidae, Strain (biology), Deer, Zoonosis, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Chronic wasting disease, zoonosis, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Wasting Disease, Chronic, polymorphisms
Abstract

To date, chronic wasting disease (CWD) is the most infectious form of prion disease affecting several captive, free ranging and wild cervid species. Responsible for marked population declines in North America, its geographical spread is now becoming a major concern in Europe. Polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (PRNP) are an important factor influencing the susceptibility to prions and their rate of propagation. All reported cervid PRNP genotypes are affected by CWD. However, in each species, some polymorphisms are associated with lower attack rates and slower progression of the disease. This has potential consequences in terms of genetic selection, CWD diffusion and strain evolution. CWD also presents a zoonotic risk due to prions capacity to cross species barriers. This review summarizes our current understanding of CWD control, focusing on PRNP genetic, strain diversity and capacity to infect other animal species, including humans.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Ocular dermoids in 13 cats: a multicentre retrospective study

Author

Julien Michel, Pierre-François Isard, Anne-Sandrine Augsburger, Anaïs Cathelin, Jean-Yves Douet, Sylvain Medan, Thomas Dulaurent, Jennifer Anne, VetoOphtalmo, Clinique vétérinaire Pole Sante Chanturgue, Clinique Vétérinaire VPLUS, Centre hospitalier vétérinaire Saint Martin de Bellevue, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Choristoma, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Dermoid, Cat Diseases, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ophthalmology, Cornea, cornea, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Medicine, Animals, choristoma, Small Animals, Dermoid Cyst, Retrospective Studies, CATS, ocular surface, business.industry, Eyelids, Retrospective cohort study, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, eye diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Cats, Female, France, sense organs, business, Ocular surface, Conjunctiva
Abstract

Objectives The aim of this multicentre retrospective study was to review the clinical data, outcomes and histopathological features of cats that had been treated for ocular surface dermoids. Methods Thirteen cats from various private practices in France with a clinical diagnosis of ocular surface dermoid were included in the study. Results The mean age of the study population at the time of diagnosis was 5 months. There were nine males and four females. Three different breeds were domestic shorthair (n = 7), Birman (n = 4) and Havana Brown (n = 2). Two of the four Birmans were related (same sire). The two Havana Browns were also related (same sire). All of the dermoids were unilateral. Five of the dermoids were strictly conjunctival. Four affected both the conjunctiva and the cornea. Three affected both the conjunctiva and the eyelid, and one was strictly corneal. They were located in various positions: temporal (n = 9), inferonasal (n = 1), dorsonasal (n = 1) and dorsotemporal (n = 1). The last dermoid was heterogeneous and involved the nasal, dorsal and temporal quadrants. Concurrent eye diseases were observed in five patients: four cats exhibited associated eyelid agenesis and one cat exhibited persistent iris-to-iris pupillary membranes. Ten dermoids were surgically excised with no recurrences. Surgery was not performed for three cats: one cat died a few days after diagnosis and two cats were lost to follow-up after initial presentation. Conclusions and relevance Ocular surface dermoids are a rare condition in cats that can be treated successfully by surgical excision. Although our study reports only a small number of cases, the observation of ocular surface dermoids in two related cats in two different breeds indicates that genetic transmission is likely.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Autologous lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of feline corneal sequestrum: A retrospective study of 35 eyes (2012–2020)

Author

Julien Michel, Jean-Yves Douet, Marie Vigan, Clinique Vétérinaire VPLUS, Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Male, keratectomy, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Lamellar keratoplasty, cat, Cat Diseases, Transplantation, Autologous, Sequestrum, Corneal Diseases, Corneal Transplantation, 0403 veterinary science, Corneal limbus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, autologous graft, Cornea, cornea, medicine, Animals, Tomography, Optical, Prospective cohort study, Retrospective Studies, Corneal sequestrum, General Veterinary, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, medicine.disease, eye diseases, 3. Good health, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nictitating membrane flap, Cats, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, sequestrum, Female, sense organs, business, lamellar keratoplasty
Abstract

International audience; Objective: To evaluate the use of autologous lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of feline corneal sequestrum (FCS). Procedure The medical records of cats diagnosed with FCS that underwent autologous lamellar keratoplasty between 2012 and 2020 with a minimum of 2 months of follow-up were reviewed. After keratectomy of FCS, a button adjacent to the corneal limbus was harvested on the same eye and sutured to the recipient bed. A nictitating membrane flap was left in place until the first recheck except for one patient. Postoperative treatment with topical and systemic antibiotics and systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications was prescribed. Follow-up examinations were carried out 2 weeks, 1 month and 2 months post-operatively and consisted of a complete ophthalmic examination. Results: A total of 35 cats (35 eyes) were included. The median follow-up time was 3.2 months (range, 2-59 months). Brachycephalic cats were overrepresented (85.7%). The mean graft size was 6.5 mm (range, 6-9 mm). Minor complications consisting of melting and partial integration of the graft occurred in 2/35 eyes (5.7%). Recurrence was observed in 1/35 eyes (2.9%) and was managed by a superficial keratectomy. A good visual outcome was achieved in all eyes, and a faint or mild corneal opacification occurred in 15/35 (42.9%). Conclusions: Autologous lamellar keratoplasty is an effective treatment for FCS, providing good tectonic support to the affected cornea and resulting in good visual and cosmetic outcomes. These results should be verified in future prospective studies that include a larger number of cases and longer-term follow-up.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. What can phylodynamics bring to animal health research?

Author

Mathilde Paul, Mariette F. Ducatez, Claire Guinat, Tanja Stadler, Arthur Kocher, Debapryio Chakraborty, Timothée Vergne, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering [ETH Zürich] (D-BSSE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, This project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 842621., European Project: 0842621(2009), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Livestock, Policy making, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Animals, Wild, wildlife and livestock populations, Communicable Diseases, molecular epidemiology, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, population dynamics, Animals, Disease management (health), Epidemics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Animal health, Transmission (medicine), Public health, Genetic data, phylodynamics, Data science, pathogen evolution and transmission, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Viral phylodynamics
Abstract

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 36 (9), ISSN:0169-5347, ISSN:1872-8383

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Undetected Circulation of African Swine Fever in Wild Boar, Asia

Author

Vergne, Timothée, Guinat, Claire, Pfeiffer, Dirk, Gutiérrez Adán, A, Brun, A, Pintado, B, Ramírez, M, Parra, B, Doyle, D, Rogers, M, Salguero, F, Castilla, J, Sánchez, C, Sánchez-Vizcaíno, J, Torres, J, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), and Inconnu

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), endocrine system, Veterinary medicine, Asia, Swine, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], animal diseases, Sus scrofa, 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, Virus, Disease Outbreaks, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Undetected Circulation of African Swine Fever in Wild Boar, Asia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Wild boar, biology.animal, Research Letter, Animals, viruses, lcsh:RC109-216, Circulation (currency), 030212 general & internal medicine, 2. Zero hunger, African swine fever, urogenital system, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), lcsh:R, transmission, Outbreak, African Swine Fever Virus, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, surveillance, Livestock, business, wild boar, policy
Abstract

International audience; African swine fever is a growing threat to the livestock industry. We examined data indicating that in most countries in Asia, most notified events were related to farm outbreaks; meanwhile, only a few wild boar cases were reported. We hypothesize the virus circulates unnoticed in wild boar populations in Asia.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Association of pregnancy per artificial insemination with gonadotropin-releasing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin administered during the luteal phase after artificial insemination in dairy cows: A meta-analysis

Author

Amine Abdelli, Didier Raboisson, J.J. Minviel, mohamed besbaci, Rachid Kaidi, Ibrahim Belabdi, University of Blida 1, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire d’Alger, Université Mohamed Akli Ouelhadj de Bouira (UMAOB), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Time Factors, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, Luteolysis, cow, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Chorionic Gonadotropin, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Human chorionic gonadotropin, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Medicine, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Insemination, Artificial, Progesterone, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, [QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], artificial insemination, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 3. Good health, Dairying, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Female, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug, endocrine system, media_common.quotation_subject, Fertility, Luteal Phase, Luteal phase, Buserelin, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Animals, Humans, business.industry, Artificial insemination, 0402 animal and dairy science, human chorionic gonadotropin, medicine.disease, 040201 dairy & animal science, Cattle, Animal Science and Zoology, business, Food Science
Abstract

International audience; One strategy for improving fertility in cattle is administration of GnRH or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) during the luteal phase, which increases progesterone (P4) secretion and delays luteolysis. To provide an overview of how GnRH or hCG treatment between 4 and 15 d after artificial insemination (AI) improves pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in cows, a meta-analysis was performed on 107 different trials from 52 publications. Data from 18,082 treated cows and 18,385 untreated controls were meta-analyzed. The meta-analysis explained the relative risk for P/AI with GnRH or hCG treatment under various circumstances. The results did not show any difference in P/AI between cows treated with hCG and cows treated with GnRH. Compared with no treatment, treatment with GnRH or hCG improved the chances of P/AI in cows with very poor (60.1%). Moreover, treatment with GnRH and hCG improved the chances of P/AI in primiparous cows. The improvement was much better in primiparous cows with very low fertility. Treatment with buserelin at a dose above 10 p,g and with hCG at a dose above 2,500 IU was associated with increased chances of P/AI compared with lower doses. Treatment with GnRH 10 d after AI was also associated with increased chances of P/AI compared with earlier treatment. The present meta-analysis showed that the use of GnRH and hCG after AI should be focused on cows expected to have low or moderate fertility. Day and dose of treatment have to be considered as well.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Determinants of biosecurity practices in French duck farms after a H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza epidemic: The effect of farmer knowledge, attitudes and personality traits

Author

Manon Racicot, Mathilde Paul, Jean-Pierre Vaillancourt, Lucie Fornili, Jean-Luc Guérin, André Durivage, Mattias Delpont, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), and This work was carried out within the framework of the Chaire de Biosecurite aviaire at the Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Toulouse, which is funded by the French Ministry of Agriculture.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Highly pathogenic, Biosecurity, Psychological intervention, Social pressure, perception, medicine.disease_cause, compliance, 0403 veterinary science, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Humans, Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype, Big Five personality traits, Epidemics, Socioeconomics, Poultry Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, socio-psychological factors, 0303 health sciences, Farmers, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, poultry, Conscientiousness, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Ducks, Geography, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Influenza in Birds, epidemiology, Female, avian influenza, France, Personality
Abstract

International audience; Biosecurity is crucial for infectious disease prevention, more importantly in the absence of vaccination. The need for improving the implementation of biosecurity practices was highlighted in French duck farms following the 2016-2017 H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) epidemic. Farmers have multiple reasons for not implementing biosecurity practices: external (time, money) and internal (socio-psychological). The purpose of this study was to determine how sets of socio-psychological factors (i.e. knowledge on biosecurity and avian influenza transmission, attitudes, personality traits, social background) affect the adoption of on-farm biosecurity practices. Biosecurity practices and socio-psychological determinants were assessed during 127 duck farm visits, in South West France, using both questionnaires and on-farm observations. Factorial analysis of mixed data (FAMD) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) identified three groups of farmers with different socio-psychological profiles: the first group was characterized by minimal knowledge, negative attitudes towards biosecurity, little social pressure and a low level of conscientiousness. The second group was characterized by more extensive experience in poultry production, higher stress and social pressure. The third group was characterized by less experience in poultry production, better knowledge and positive attitudes towards biosecurity, increased self-confidence and orientation towards action. The first group had a significantly lower adoption of biosecurity measures than the two other groups. A better understanding of the factors involved in farmers' decision-making could improve the efficiency of interventions aiming at improving and maintaining the level of on-farm biosecurity in the duck industry.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in goats: is PrP rapid test sensitivity affected by genotype?

Author

Simmons, Marion, Thorne, Leigh, Ortiz-Pelaez, Angel, Spiropoulos, John, Georgiadou, Soteria, Papasavva-Stylianou, Penelope, Andreoletti, Olivier, Hawkins, Stephen A.C., Hawkins, Stephen, Meloni, Daniela, Cassar, Claire, Animal and Plant Health Agency [Addlestone, UK] (APHA), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Veterinary Services of Cyprus, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, and This work was funded by the EC and Defra through the activities of the EURL for TSE at APHA. The UMR INRA ENVT 1225 was funded for this work by the EU FEDER/INTERREG (EFA148/16 REDPRION)

Subjects
goats, Genotype, Prions, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], animal diseases, Population, Scrapie, Disease, Prion Proteins, Epitope, PRNP, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Full Scientific Reports, education, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Goat Diseases, Polymorphism, Genetic, Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, General Veterinary, biology, scrapie, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, medicine.disease, Virology, nervous system diseases, prion protein, biology.protein, ELISA, Antibody
Abstract

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) surveillance in goats relies on tests initially approved for cattle, subsequently assessed for sheep, and approval extrapolated for use in “small ruminants.” The current EU-approved immunodetection tests employ antibodies against various epitopes of the prion protein PrPSc, which is encoded by the host PRNP gene. The caprine PRNP gene is polymorphic, mostly at codons different from the ovine PRNP. The EU goat population is much more heterogeneous than the sheep population, with more PRNP-related polymorphisms, and with marked breed-related differences. The ability of the current tests to detect disease-specific PrPSc generated against these different genetic backgrounds is currently assumed, rather than proven. We examined whether common polymorphisms within the goat PRNP gene might have any adverse effect on the relative performance of EU-approved rapid tests. The sample panel comprised goats from the UK, Cyprus, France, and Italy, with either experimental or naturally acquired scrapie at both the preclinical and/or unknown and clinical stages of disease. Test sensitivity was significantly lower and more variable when compared using samples from animals that were preclinical or of unknown status. However, all of the rapid tests included in our study were able to correctly identify all samples from animals in the clinical stages of disease, apart from samples from animals polymorphic for serine or aspartic acid at codon 146, in which the performance of the Bio-Rad tests was profoundly affected. Our data show that some polymorphisms may adversely affect one test and not another, as well as underline the dangers of extrapolating from other species.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Expansion, isolation and first characterization of bovine Th17 lymphocytes

Author

Cunha, Patricia, Le Vern, Yves, Gitton, Christophe, Germon, Pierre, Foucras, Gilles, Rainard, Pascal, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours

Subjects
Male, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Interleukins, Interleukin-17, lcsh:R, Cell Culture Techniques, lcsh:Medicine, Cell Separation, Article, Transforming Growth Factor beta1, Interferon-gamma, Immune cell isolation, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Animals, Th17 Cells, Cattle, Female, lcsh:Q, T-helper 17 cells, lcsh:Science, Cells, Cultured, Cell Proliferation
Abstract

International audience; Interleukin 17A-producing T helper cells (Th17) are CD4+ T cells that are crucial to immunity to extracellular bacteria. The roles of these cells in the bovine species are poorly defined, because the characterization of bovine Th17 cells lags behind for want of straightforward cultivation and isolation procedures. We have developed procedures to differentiate, expand, and isolate bovine Th17 cells from circulating CD4+ T cells of adult cows. Using polyclonal stimulation with antibodies to CD3 and CD28, we expanded IL-17A-positive CD4+ T cells in a serum-free cell culture medium supplemented with TGF-β1, IL-6 and IL-2. Populations of CD4+ T cells producing IL-17A or IFN-γ or both cytokines were obtained. Isolation of IL-17A-secreting CD4+ T cells was performed by labelling surface IL-17A, followed by flow cytometry cell sorting. The sorted Th17 cells were restimulated and could be expanded for several weeks. These cells were further characterized by cytokine profiling at transcriptomic and protein levels. They produced high amounts of IL-17A and IL-17F, and moderate amounts of IL-22 and IFN-γ. The techniques developed will be useful to characterize the phenotypic and functional properties of bovine Th17 cells.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Subconjunctival nodule due to Setaria equina erratic migration in a horse: First case report

Author

Alain Regnier, Jean-Yves Douet, Anne Geffré, Marie-Odile Semin, Isabelle Raymond-Letron, Coralie Martin, Emmanuel Liénard, Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Universités, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, UMS 006, Central Laboratory of Medical Biology, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Service d'histopathologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], and Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, 040301 veterinary sciences, Setaria Nematode, Biology, Conjunctival Diseases, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Conjunctival mass, Animals, Horses, Nematode Infections, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Histological examination, General Veterinary, Setariasis, Horse, Nodule (medicine), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Molecular analysis, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Blood smear, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, Horse Diseases, medicine.symptom, Conjunctiva, Setaria equina
Abstract

An 18-month-old Arabian-English filly resident in southwest France was referred for evaluation of a conjunctival mass in the right eye (OD). A pink, solid, and mobile nodular formation, measuring approximately 1.2 × 0.8 cm was found under the superior nasal bulbar conjunctiva during an ophthalmic examination that was otherwise normal. The mass was surgically removed using a standing procedure. Cytological examination of fine-needle aspirates from the mass revealed a mixed eosinophilic-lymphocytic inflammation. Histological examination confirmed the dense and diffuse eosinophilic-lymphocytic infiltrate of the mass, and it revealed several cross sections of a parasitic nematode. The morphometric diagnosis identified an immature form of a filarial worm, and molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxydase subunit 1 (cox1) and 12S rRNA gene sequences led to further identification of the specimen as Setaria equina. Microfilaremia was not observed on fresh blood smears. There have been no signs of local recurrence after 18 months, nor any evidence of intraocular involvement. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first documented case of subconjunctival setariasis due to S equina in a horse.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Duck production systems and highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 in France, 2016–2017

Author

Jean Artois, Mathilde Paul, Anne Bronner, Jean-Luc Guérin, Marius Gilbert, Claire Guinat, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Direction Générale de l'Alimentation (DGAL), Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'agroalimentaire et de la forêt, Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique [Bruxelles] (FNRS), This work was carried out within the framework of the Chaire de Biosécurité at the École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, which is funded by the French Ministry of Agriculture. The research leading to these results received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under REA grant agreement n. PCOFUND-GA-2013-609102, through the PRESTIGE programme coordinated by Campus France., European Project: 761112 ,PRESTIGE, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, Highly pathogenic, viruses, animal diseases, lcsh:Medicine, Culling, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Influenza A virus, medicine, Animals, Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype, Water bird, Animal Husbandry, lcsh:Science, Poultry Diseases, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, Outbreak, virus diseases, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, 3. Good health, Ducks, 030104 developmental biology, Influenza in Birds, lcsh:Q, France, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

In winter 2016–2017, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus spread across Europe, causing unprecedented epizootics. France was massively affected, resulting in the culling of over 6 million poultry. Boosted regression tree (BRT) models were used to quantify the association between spatial risk factors and HPAI H5N8 infection in poultry holdings and to generate predictive maps for HPAI infection. Three datasets were combined to build the model: a dataset of the reported outbreaks in poultry, a dataset of the poultry holdings where the virus has not been reported and a set of relevant spatial risk factors, including poultry production and trade, and water bird habitat. Results identified key associations between the ‘foie gras’ production systems and HPAI H5N8 risk of occurrence and indicate that strengthening surveillance of fattening duck production systems and making the transportation of fattening ducks more secure would be key priority options for HPAI prevention and control., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. First detection of Mycoplasma wenyonii in France: Identification, evaluation of the clinical impact and development of a new specific detection assay

Author

Marie-Claude Hygonenq, Enrico Martinelli, Renaud Maillard, François Schelcher, Philippe Le Page, Laurent Xavier Nouvel, Christine Citti, Guillaume Catays, Hisashi Inokuma, Éric Collin, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Veterinary Practice, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, and This work was supported by the French Ministry for Agriculture and Food and by the National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA).

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, 040301 veterinary sciences, Anemia, Specific detection, 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, Pcr assay, Mycoplasma wenyonii, Cattle Diseases, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microbiology, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Mycoplasma, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Mycoplasma ovis, medicine, Animals, Immunology and Allergy, Mycoplasma Infections, polC, Hemoplasma, Molecular identification, General Veterinary, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, Molecular Typing, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Cattle, France, Asymptomatic carrier
Abstract

International audience; Mycoplasma wenyonii, a hemoplasma infecting cattle, was never detected in France. In 2014, evocative inclusions were observed in erythrocytes from cattle presenting milk drops, anemia, and edema in Brittany (France). A survey was then initiated to investigate the epidemiological situation and correlate mycoplasma detection with clinical signs. For this purpose, a new PCR assay targeting polC gene was designed. Comparative results with published PCR assays place this new one as more specific, allowing a one-step diagnosis without further sequencing. A total of 181 cows were included in this study and 4.97% (n=9) were positive, resulting in the first molecular identification of M. wenyonii in France. All positive animals presented anemia, edema and milk drop. When selecting animals presenting evocative clinical signs, the prevalence of M. wenyonii in Brittany was estimated to 25.6%. Further studies are needed to evaluate the importance of the infection, the implication of arthropods and the existence of asymptomatic carriers.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Role of Backyard Flocks in Transmission Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Clade 2.3.4.4, France, 2016–2017

Author

Audrey Schmitz, Luc Robertet, Eric Niqueux, Marie Souvestre, Claire Guinat, Nicolas Eterradossi, Guillaume Croville, Mathilde Paul, Anne Bronner, Jean-Luc Guérin, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Ploufragan - Plouzané, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Direction Générale de l'Alimentation (DGAL), This project was implemented through the Chaire de Biosécurité Aviaire, granted by the French Ministry of Agriculture (Direction Générale de l’Alimentation). The research leading to these results received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement no. PCOFUND-GA-2013-609102, through the PRESTIGE Programme coordinated by Campus France., European Project: 609102,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND,PRESTIGE(2014), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], animal diseases, Biosecurity, lcsh:Medicine, HPAI, medicine.disease_cause, Disease Outbreaks, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, law, Role of Backyard Flocks in Transmission Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Clade 2.3.4.4, France, 2016–2017, Odds Ratio, risk factors, Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype, 030212 general & internal medicine, Clade, Avian influenza virus, poultry, Dispatch, France, H5N8, backyard flocks, biosecurity, clade 2.3.4.4, highly pathogenic avian influenza, influenza, viruses, zoonoses, Infectious Diseases, Transmission (mechanics), Microbiology (medical), Farms, Highly pathogenic, 030231 tropical medicine, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Biology, History, 21st Century, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, Poultry Diseases, lcsh:R, Virology, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Molecular Typing, Influenza in Birds, Flock
Abstract

International audience; Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4 spread in France during 2016-2017. We assessed the biosecurity and avian influenza virus infection status of 70 backyard flocks near H5N8-infected commercial farms. One flock was seropositive for clade 2.3.4.4. Backyard flocks linked to commercial farms had elevated risk for H5 infection.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Classical BSE prions emerge from asymptomatic pigs challenged with atypical/Nor98 scrapie

Author

Marín, Belén, Otero, Alicia, Lugan, Séverine, Espinosa, Juan Carlos, Marín-Moreno, Alba, Vidal, Enric, Hedman, Carlos, Romero, Antonio, Pumarola, Martí, Badiola, Juan, Torres, Juan María, Torres, Juan, Andréoletti, Olivier, Bolea, Rosa, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro de Investigacion en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal [UAB, Spain] (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), This work was supported by the project EFA148/16 REDPRION. The project EFA148/16 REDPRION was 65% co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Interreg V-A Spain-France-Andorra program (POCTEFA 2014-2020). POCTEFA aims to reinforce the economic and social integration of the French-Spanish-Andorran border. Its support is focused on developing economic, social and environmental cross-border activities through joint strategies favoring sustainable territorial development. Transmission experiments in transgenic mice were founded by grant PID2019-105837RB-I00 from Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion., European Project: EFA148/16, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Marín, Belén, Otero, Alicia, Espinosa, Juan Carlos, Marín-Moreno, Alba, Vidal, Enric, Hedman, Carlos, Pumarola, Martí, Badiola, Juan J, Torres, Juan María, Andréoletti, Olivier, Bolea, Rosa, Producció Animal, Sanitat Animal, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)-Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Marín, Belén [0000-0002-1590-3347], Otero, Alicia [0000-0001-9075-2764], Espinosa, Juan Carlos [0000-0002-6719-9902], Marín-Moreno, Alba [0000-0002-4023-6398], Vidal, Enric [0000-0002-4965-3286], Hedman, Carlos [0000-0002-0827-110X], Pumarola, Martí[0000-0002-0935-7941], Badiola, Juan J [0000-0002-7173-7216], Torres, Juan María [0000-0003-0443-9232], Andréoletti, Olivier [0000-0002-7369-6016], and Bolea, Rosa [0000-0002-2746-3932]

Subjects
Male, PrPSc Proteins, Prions, Swine, 040301 veterinary sciences, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Science, animal diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Scrapie, Biology, Article, 0403 veterinary science, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Transmission (medicine), Inoculation, Malalties priòniques en els animals, Brain, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Chronic wasting disease, medicine.disease, Virology, In vitro, nervous system diseases, Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform, Prion, Swine, Miniature, Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification, Immunohistochemistry, Medicine, Diseases of the nervous system, Infectious diseases, Cattle, Female, Disease Susceptibility
Abstract

Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Pigs are susceptible to infection with the classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (C-BSE) agent following experimental inoculation, and PrPSc accumulation was detected in porcine tissues after the inoculation of certain scrapie and chronic wasting disease isolates. However, a robust transmission barrier has been described in this species and, although they were exposed to C-BSE agent in many European countries, no cases of natural transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) infections have been reported in pigs. Transmission of atypical scrapie to bovinized mice resulted in the emergence of C-BSE prions. Here, we conducted a study to determine if pigs are susceptible to atypical scrapie. To this end, 12, 8-9-month-old minipigs were intracerebrally inoculated with two atypical scrapie sources. Animals were euthanized between 22- and 72-months post inoculation without clinical signs of TSE. All pigs tested negative for PrPSc accumulation by enzyme immunoassay, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and bioassay in porcine PrP mice. Surprisingly, in vitro protein misfolding cyclic amplification demonstrated the presence of C-BSE prions in different brain areas from seven pigs inoculated with both atypical scrapie isolates. Our results suggest that pigs exposed to atypical scrapie prions could become a reservoir for C-BSE and corroborate that C-BSE prions emerge during interspecies passage of atypical scrapie., This work was supported by the project EFA148/16 REDPRION. The project EFA148/16 REDPRION was 65% co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Interreg V-A Spain-France-Andorra program (POCTEFA 2014–2020). POCTEFA aims to reinforce the economic and social integration of the French–Spanish–Andorran border. Its support is focused on developing economic, social and environmental cross-border activities through joint strategies favoring sustainable territorial development. Transmission experiments in transgenic mice were founded by grant PID2019-105837RB-I00 from Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Prion strains associated with iatrogenic CJD in French and UK human growth hormone recipients

Author

Douet, Jean-Yves, Huor, Alvina, Cassard, Hervé, Lugan, Séverine, Aron, Naïma, Mesic, Chloé, Vilette, Didier, Barrio, Tomás, Streichenberger, Nathalie, Perret-Liaudet, Armand, Delisle, Marie-Bernadette, Péran, Patrice, Deslys, Jean-Philippe, Comoy, Emmanuel, Vilotte, Jean-Luc, Goudarzi, Katayoun, Béringue, Vincent, Barria, Marcelo, Ritchie, Diane, Ironside, James, Andréoletti, Olivier, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center (ToNIC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Service d'Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Université Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM (UR 0892)), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Edinburgh, European Regional Development Fund POCTEFA TRANSPRION (EFA282/13) and REDPRION (EFA148/16, UK Food Standards Agency Exploring permeability of the species (M03043 and FS231051), European Union through FP7 222887 'Priority', Alliance Biosecure Foundation (FABS201403), The National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit is funded by the United Kingdom’s Department of Health Policy Research Program and the Government of Scotland., ANR-15-CE18-0028,UnmaskingBloodPrions,Développement de nouveaux outils pour l'identification des prions cryptiques dans le sang(2015), BioRan, Partenaires INRAE, Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Western General Hospital, Centre For Clinical Brain Sciences - Neuroimaging Sciences [Edinburgh, U.K.] (CCBS), National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, This work was funded by European Regional Development Fund POCTEFA TRANSPRION (EFA282/13) and REDPRION (EFA148/16), by the UK Food Standards Agency Exploring permeability of the species (M03043 and FS231051), by the European Union through FP7 222887 PRIORITY, the Alliance Biosecure Foundation (FABS201403) and the French research agency through ANR-15-CE18-0028 UnmaskingBloodPrions. The National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit is funded by the United Kingdom's Department of Health Policy Research Program and the Government of Scotland. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Health or the Government of Scotland. The Edinburgh Brain Bank is supported by the Medical Research Council., European Project: EFA282/13, European Project: EFA148/16, European Project: 222887,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2007-2A,PRIORITY(2009), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CEA- Saclay (CEA), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Barrio, Tomás, Développement de nouveaux outils pour l'identification des prions cryptiques dans le sang - - UnmaskingBloodPrions2015 - ANR-15-CE18-0028 - AAPG2015 - VALID, INTERREG POCTEFA TRANSPRION - - EFA282/13 - INCOMING, INTERREG REDPRION - EFA148/16 - INCOMING, Protecting the food chain from prions: shaping European priorities through basic and applied research - PRIORITY - - EC:FP7:KBBE2009-10-01 - 2014-09-30 - 222887 - VALID, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Adult, Male, PrPSc Proteins, animal diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Prion disease, Mice, Transgenic, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome, Cohort Studies, Mice, mental disorders, Iatrogenic CJD, Animals, Humans, RC346-429, Growth hormone, Human Growth Hormone, Research, Middle Aged, United Kingdom, nervous system diseases, Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Female, France, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

Treatment with human pituitary-derived growth hormone (hGH) was responsible for a significant proportion of iatrogenic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (iCJD) cases. France and the UK experienced the largest case numbers of hGH-iCJD, with 122 and 81 cases respectively. Differences in the frequency of the three PRNP codon 129 polymorphisms (MM, MV and VV) and the estimated incubation periods associated with each of these genotypes in the French and the UK hGH-iCJD cohorts led to the suggestion that the prion strains responsible for these two hGH-iCJD cohorts were different. In this study, we characterized the prion strains responsible for hGH-iCJD cases originating from UK (n = 11) and France (n = 11) using human PrP expressing mouse models. The cases included PRNP MM, MV and VV genotypes from both countries. UK and French sporadic CJD (sCJD) cases were included as controls. The prion strains identified following inoculation with hGH-iCJD homogenates corresponded to the two most frequently observed sCJD prion strains (M1CJD and V2CJD). However, in clear contradiction to the initial hypothesis, the prion strains that were identified in the UK and the French hGH-iCJD cases were not radically different. In the vast majority of the cases originating from both countries, the V2CJD strain or a mixture of M1CJD + V2CJD strains were identified. These data strongly support the contention that the differences in the epidemiological and genetic profiles observed in the UK and France hGH-iCJD cohorts cannot be attributed only to the transmission of different prion strains. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40478-021-01247-x.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Pathogenesis of Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H9N2 in Turkeys and Evaluation of Inactivated Vaccine Efficacy

Author

Saadia Nassik, Taoufik Rawi, Mariette F. Ducatez, Noursaid Tligui, Mohamed El Houadfi, Siham Fellahi, Imane Maaroufi, Andrea Delvecchio, Charifa Drissi Touzani, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II - IAV (MOROCCO) (IAV), Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, MCI Santé Animale, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and The authors thank the MCI Sante Animale and Boehringer Ingelheim for financial support of this study.

Subjects
040301 veterinary sciences, viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 0403 veterinary science, Random Allocation, Tracheitis, Food Animals, medicine, Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype, Animals, turkeys, Viral shedding, Poultry Diseases, General Immunology and Microbiology, Respiratory distress, business.industry, Mortality rate, pathogenesis, 0402 animal and dairy science, virus diseases, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Poultry farming, medicine.disease, vaccination, 040201 dairy & animal science, Virology, H9N2, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, 3. Good health, Virus Shedding, Vaccination, Morocco, Vaccines, Inactivated, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza in Birds, Inactivated vaccine, Animal Science and Zoology, business
Abstract

International audience; Avian influenza H9N2 viruses circulate in all types of poultry species, including turkeys, and cause significant losses for the poultry industry in many parts of the word. The aim of this study was to assess the pathogenesis of the Moroccan avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 under experimental conditions in turkeys and the protection efficacy of an inactivated commercial vaccine against AIV H9N2. Unvaccinated turkeys showed marked depression sinusitis, respiratory distress characterized by bronchiolar and tracheal rales of moderate severity, and a mortality rate of 50%. Postmortem examinations of dead and euthanatized birds revealed the presence of fibrinous tracheitis and airsacculitis lesions. Vaccination reduced the mortality rate to 20%. Vaccinated birds recovered at day 10 postchallenge, and only 12.5% (1/8) and 37.5% of birds still displayed fibrinous and nonfibrinous airsacculitis lesions, respectively, at day 15 postinoculation. Viral shedding in cloacal and tracheal swabs was lower in vaccinated than in control birds. Although viral RNA was detected in the cloacal swabs of all unvaccinated turkeys at day 3 postinoculation, only 50% of the vaccinated turkeys were positive for virus detection. At day 11 postinoculation, no viral RNA was detected in oropharyngeal swabs of vaccinated turkeys, whereas 40% of the unvaccinated turkeys were still shedding virus.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Intranasal type I interferon treatment is beneficial only when administered before clinical signs onset in the SARS-CoV-2 hamster model

Author

Nathan Cebron, Thomas Figueroa, Blandine Gausseres, Gilles Foucras, Romain Volmer, Amelia Coggon, F. Boué, Charlotte Foret-Lucas, Catherine Trumel, Sandrine Lesellier, Evelyne Picard-Meyer, Elodie Monchatre-Leroy, Francisco J. Salguero, Alexandre Servat, Marine Wasniewsk, Pierre Bessière, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy (LRFSN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Public Health England [Salisbury] (PHE), ANR-20-COV5-0004,TIMING,Conséquences de la cinétique de la réponse interférons de type I sur l'évolution clinique et la réponse immunitaire lors d'infection par le SARS-CoV-2.(2020), RIOU, Christine, Conséquences de la cinétique de la réponse interférons de type I sur l'évolution clinique et la réponse immunitaire lors d'infection par le SARS-CoV-2. - - TIMING2020 - ANR-20-COV5-0004 - COVID-19 - VALID, and Marchal-Mauer, Sophie

Subjects
RNA viruses, MESH: Interferon Type I, Viral Diseases, Coronaviruses, MESH: Mesocricetus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Respiratory System, MESH: Cricetinae, Disease, Biochemistry, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, Medical Conditions, Weight loss, Interferon, law, MESH: Chlorocebus aethiops, Cricetinae, Chlorocebus aethiops, Medicine, MESH: COVID-19, Public and Occupational Health, Biology (General), Pathology and laboratory medicine, Virus Testing, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Mammals, 0303 health sciences, Statistics, Eukaryota, Medical microbiology, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Titer, medicine.anatomical_structure, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Vertebrates, Viruses, Physical Sciences, Interferon Type I, Recombinant DNA, Hamsters, medicine.symptom, SARS CoV 2, Pathogens, Anatomy, medicine.drug, Research Article, MESH: Antiviral Agents, SARS coronavirus, QH301-705.5, Hamster, Research and Analysis Methods, Rodents, Microbiology, Antiviral Agents, 03 medical and health sciences, Diagnostic Medicine, Animals, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, Statistical Methods, Administration, Intranasal, 030304 developmental biology, Medicine and health sciences, Analysis of Variance, Lung, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Mesocricetus, business.industry, Prophylaxis, SARS-CoV-2, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Organisms, Viral pathogens, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Covid 19, Nasal Concha, RC581-607, Microbial pathogens, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Disease Models, Animal, Immunology, Amniotes, Nasal administration, Interferons, Preventive Medicine, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, business, Zoology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Mathematics
Abstract

Impaired type I interferons (IFNs) production or signaling have been associated with severe COVID-19, further promoting the evaluation of recombinant type I IFNs as therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the Syrian hamster model, we show that intranasal administration of IFN-α starting one day pre-infection or one day post-infection limited weight loss and decreased viral lung titers. By contrast, intranasal administration of IFN-α starting at the onset of symptoms three days post-infection had no impact on the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results provide evidence that early type I IFN treatment is beneficial, while late interventions are ineffective, although not associated with signs of enhanced disease., Author summary Type I interferons are major antiviral effectors produced by the host in response to viral infections. Importantly, delayed or impaired type I IFN signalling response has been shown to correlate with severe COVID-19. These observations provided further impetus to test the administration of exogenous type I IFN as a treatment against SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients. However, studies using MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV infected mice demonstrated that type I interferon treatment was beneficial when administered early, but was ineffective and even caused deleterious immunopathology when administered at later stages of infection. It is therefore crucial to understand how the timing of the type I IFN treatments modulates their efficacy and safety against SARS-CoV-2. In this preclinical study using the SARS-CoV-2-infected Syrian hamster model, we showed that intranasal type I IFN treatment was beneficial only when administered before the onset of symptoms. Importantly, late treatment was ineffective but was not associated with deleterious effects. This study provides important information to interpret clinical trials showing no to modest effects of type I IFNs in COVID-19 patients.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. A new model for sensitive detection of zoonotic prions by PrP transgenic Drosophila

Author

Raymond Bujdoso, John Spiropoulos, Olivier Andreoletti, Alana M. Thackray, Thackray, Alana [0000-0002-2752-1127], Bujdoso, Raymond [0000-0002-5068-3247], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Animal and Plant Health Agency [Addlestone, UK] (APHA), and This work was partly funded by the NC3Rs Skills and Knowledge Transfer Grant (Grant NC/R00093X/1) held by R. B. and A. M. T.

Subjects
BSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], animal diseases, protein misfolding PrPSc, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Animals, Genetically Modified, PrP(Sc), neurodegenerative disease, Bioassay, Drosophila Proteins, protein misfolding, 0303 health sciences, biology, H-type, heavy type, Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform, vCJD, variant CJD, Titer, bioassay, Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification, Protein folding, Drosophila, Biological Assay, Research Article, Prions, Transgene, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, infectious disease, 010402 general chemistry, Prion Proteins, prion, 03 medical and health sciences, PK, proteinase K, medicine, Animals, Molecular Biology, mouse, 030304 developmental biology, CJD, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, PrP, prion protein, classical and atypical BSE, Cell Biology, Models, Theoretical, Proteinase K, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 0104 chemical sciences, nervous system diseases, biology.protein, Cattle, L-type, light type, PI, performance index, PMCA, protein misfolding cyclic amplification, PrPSc
Abstract

International audience; Prions are transmissible protein pathogens most reliably detected by a bioassay in a suitable host, typically mice. However, the mouse bioassay is slow and cumbersome, and relatively insensitive to low titers of prion infectivity. Prions can be detected biochemically in vitro by the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) technique, which amplifies diseaseassociated prion protein but does not detect bona fide prion infectivity. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila transgenic for bovine prion protein (PrP) expression can serve as a model system for the detection of bovine prions significantly more efficiently than either the mouse prion bioassay or PMCA. Strikingly, bovine PrP transgenic Drosophila could detect bovine prion infectivity in the region of a 10-12 dilution of classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) inoculum, which is 106-fold more sensitive than that achieved by the bovine PrP mouse bioassay. A similar level of sensitivity was observed in the detection of H-type and L-type atypical BSE and sheep-passaged BSE by bovine PrP transgenic Drosophila. Bioassays of bovine prions in Drosophila were performed within 7 weeks, whereas the mouse prion bioassay required at least a year to assess the same inoculum. In addition, bovine PrP transgenic Drosophila could detect classical BSE at a level 105-fold lower than that achieved by PMCA. These data show that PrP transgenic Drosophila represent a new tractable prion bioassay for the efficient and sensitive detection of mammalian prions, including those of known zoonotic potential.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Exposure assessment for avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses from peridomestic wild birds in a conservation breeding site in the United Arab Emirates

Author

Guillaume Le Loc'h, Tifenn Corre, Yves Hingrat, Jean-Luc Guérin, Julien Hirschinger, Timothée Vergne, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Reneco International Wildlife Consultants LLC, Observatoire des Programmes Communautaires de Développement Rural (US ODR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and This study was funded by the National Avian Research Center (NARC), a breeding project under the leadership of the International Fund for Houbara Conservation (IFHC), and conducted under the guidance of Reneco International Wildlife Consultants LLC, the consulting company operating the NARC.

Subjects
040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biosecurity, Newcastle disease virus, Zoology, United Arab Emirates, Animals, Wild, Avian influenza, Houbara bustards, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Newcastle disease, Virus, 0403 veterinary science, Birds, exposure pathways, medicine, Animals, Feces, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, Transmission (medicine), 0402 animal and dairy science, Outbreak, Ecological study, risk assessment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Influenza in Birds, wild peridomestic birds
Abstract

International audience; Worldwide, wild birds are frequently suspected to be involved in the occurrence of outbreaks of different diseases in captive-bred birds although proofs are lacking and most of the dedicated studies are insufficiently conclusive to confirm or characterize the roles of wild birds in such outbreaks. The aim of this study was to assess and compare, for the most abundant peridomestic wild birds, the different exposure routes for avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in conservation breeding sites of Houbara bustards in the United Arab Emirates. To do so, we considered all of the potential pathways by which captive bustards could be exposed to avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses by wild birds, and ran a comparative study of the likelihood of exposure via each of the pathways considered. We merged data from an ecological study dedicated to local wild bird communities with an analysis of the contacts between wild birds and captive bustards and with a prevalence survey of avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in wild bird populations. We also extracted data from an extensive review of the scientific literature and by the elicitation of expert opinion. Overall, this analysis highlighted those captive bustards had a high risk of being exposed to pathogens by wild birds. This risk was higher for Newcastle disease virus than avian influenza virus, and House sparrows represented the riskiest species for the transmission of both viruses through direct exposure from direct contact with an infectious bird that got inside the aviary and indirect exposure from consumption of water contaminated from the faeces of an infected bird that got inside the aviary for Newcastle disease virus and avian influenza virus, respectively. These results also reaffirm the need to implement biosecurity measures to limit contacts between wild and captive birds and highlight priority targets for a thoughtful and efficient sanitary management strategy.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. The Airway Pathobiome in Complex Respiratory Diseases: A Perspective in Domestic Animals

Author

Núria Mach, Eric Baranowski, Laurent Xavier Nouvel, Christine Citti, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Université Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and This work was supported by financial supports from INRAE..

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), pathobiome, Microbiota, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Respiratory System, public health, Review, Microbiology, QR1-502, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, airway microbiota, Infectious Diseases, Cellular and Infection Microbiology, domestic animals, Animals, Domestic, respiratory infectious diseases, Animals, Dysbiosis
Abstract

International audience; Respiratory infections in domestic animals are a major issue for veterinary and livestock industry. Pathogens in the respiratory tract share their habitat with a myriad of commensal microorganisms. Increasing evidence points towards a respiratory pathobiome concept, integrating the dysbiotic bacterial communities, the host and the environment in a new understanding of respiratory disease etiology. During the infection, the airway microbiota likely regulates and is regulated by pathogens through diverse mechanisms, thereby acting either as a gatekeeper that provides resistance to pathogen colonization or enhancing their prevalence and bacterial co-infectivity, which often results in disease exacerbation. Insight into the complex interplay taking place in the respiratory tract between the pathogens, microbiota, the host and its environment during infection in domestic animals is a research field in its infancy in which most studies are focused on infections from enteric pathogens and gut microbiota. However, its understanding may improve pathogen control and reduce the severity of microbial-related diseases, including those with zoonotic potential.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Survey of cytokines on ocular surfaces of atopic dogs by multiplex analysis using two sampling methods - a pilot study

Author

Charline Pressanti, Marie-Christine Cadiergues, Jevgenija Kondratjeva, Jean-Yves Douet, Line-Alice Lecru, Elodie Ravailhe, Jessie Castellote-Brun, Fabien Moog, Nicolas Amalric, Daniel Combarros, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Synelvia, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and The project was funded by the Department of Dermatology of ENVT.

Subjects
Chemokine, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, Pilot Projects, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Dogs, medicine, Animals, Clinical significance, Dog Diseases, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Saline, Conjunctivitis, Allergic, General Veterinary, biology, business.industry, Interleukin, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, body regions, Cytokine, Atopic Conjunctivitis, Tears, Immunology, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, biology.protein, Cytokines, business
Abstract

Conjunctivitis in atopic dogs has already been described yet is rarely observed, and likely underdiagnosed in practice.To assay various cytokines in tears and conjunctivae from atopic and normal dogs, and to compare canine atopic dermatitis-associated conjunctivitis with controls.Ten atopic and ten normal client-owned dogs.Ocular surfaces were sampled bilaterally in a prospective study, using two different methods. Tear samples were obtained with a sterile swab previously moistened with saline solution (method A). Conjunctival impressions were obtained with a conjunctival impression device (method B). For each sample, the concentrations of a panel of 13 cytokines were measured by multiplex analyses. CADESI-4, pruritus (PS) and conjunctival (CS) scores were determined.Among the measured cytokines, only granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC)-like and interleukin (IL)-8 were above the limit of quantification in most samples. Absolute amounts of each cytokine were always higher in samples obtained with method A than with method B. GM-CSF amounts were lower in atopic dogs (method A, P=0.02; method B, P=0.0005). KC levels were higher in atopic dogs, yet the differences were not significant. IL-8 amounts were higher in atopic dogs (method A, P=0.0003; method B, P=0.006).Regardless of the method, these preliminary results suggest an overexpression of IL-8 in conjunctivae and tears of atopic dogs despite subtle conjunctival symptoms. As IL-8 is commonly found in many inflammatory conditions, further studies are needed to determine its specificity in atopic conjunctivitis.La conjonctivite du chien atopique a déjà été décrite comme rarement observée et sans doute sous diagnostiqué en pratique.Evaluer différentes cytokines dans les larmes et les conjonctives de chiens sains et atopiques et comparer aux conjonctivites associées à la dermatite atopique avec contrôles.Dix chiens atopiques et dix chiens sains de propriétaires. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Les surfaces oculaires des deux yeux ont été prélevées en prospectif à l’aide de deux méthodes différentes. Les échantillons de larmes ont été obtenus avec des écouvillons stériles préalablement humidifiés avec solution saline (méthode A). Des impressions de conjonctive ont été obtenues par impression conjonctivale (méthode B). Pour chaque échantillon, les concentrations d’un panel de 13 cytokines ont été mesurées par analyses multiplexes. Le CADESI-04, les scores de prurit (PS) et de conjonctive (CS) ont été évalués. RÉSULTATS: Parmi les cytokines mesurées, seules GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), KC (keratinocyte-derived chemokine)-like et interleukine (IL)-8 étaient au dessus des limites de quantification de la plu spart des échantillons. Les quantités absolues de chaque cytokine étaient toujours plus élevées dans les échantillons obtenus par la méthode A que par la méthode B. Les quantités de GM-CSF étaient plus faibles chez les chiens atopiques bien que la différence ne soit pas significative. Les quantités d’IL-8 étaient plus élevées chez les chiens atopiques (méthode A, P=0.0003; méthode B, P=0.006).Sans parler de la méthode, ces résultats préliminaires suggèrent une surexpression d’IL-8 dans la conjonctive et les larmes des chiens atopiques malgré les subtils symptômes conjonctivaux. Comme IL-8 est fréquemment retrouvée dans de nombreuses atteintes inflamamtoires, d’autres études sont necessaire spour déterminer sa spécificité dans les conjonctivites atopiques.INTRODUCCIÓN: la conjuntivitis en perros atópicos ya ha sido descrita, pero aun así rara vez se observa y probablemente se infradiagnostica en la práctica OBJETIVOS: analizar varias citoquinas en lágrimas y conjuntivas de perros atópicos y normales, y comparar la conjuntivitis asociada a dermatitis atópica canina con controles. ANIMALES: diez perros atópicos y diez perros normales de propietarios particulares. MÉTODOS Y MATERIALES: se tomaron muestras de forma bilateral de las superficies oculares en un estudio prospectivo, utilizando dos métodos diferentes. Las muestras de lágrimas se obtuvieron con un hisopo estéril previamente humedecido con solución salina (método A). Las impresiones conjuntivales se obtuvieron con un dispositivo de impresión conjuntival (método B). Para cada muestra, se midieron las concentraciones de un panel de 13 citoquinas mediante análisis multiplex. Se determinaron las puntuaciones CADESI-4, prurito (PS) y conjuntival (CS). RESULTADOS: entre las citoquinas valoradas, solo el factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos y macrófagos (GM-CSF), quimioquinas similares a las derivadas de queratinocitos (KC) e interleuquina (IL) -8 estuvieron por encima del límite de cuantificación en la mayoría de las muestras. Las cantidades absolutas de cada citoquina fueron siempre mayores en las muestras obtenidas con el método A que con el método B. Las cantidades de GM-CSF fueron menores en perros atópicos (método A, P = 0,02; método B, P = 0,0005). Los niveles de KC fueron más altos en los perros atópicos, pero las diferencias no fueron significativas. Las cantidades de IL-8 fueron mayores en perros atópicos (método A, P = 0,0003; método B, P = 0,006). CONCLUSIONES Y RELEVANCIA CLÍNICA: Independientemente del método, estos resultados preliminares sugieren una sobreexpresión de IL-8 en conjuntivas y lágrimas de perros atópicos a pesar de signos clínicos conjuntivales sutiles. Como la IL-8 se encuentra comúnmente en muchas afecciones inflamatorias, se necesitan más estudios para determinar su especificidad en la conjuntivitis atópica.Eine Konjunktivitis bei atopischen Hunden wurde bereits beschrieben, wird aber selten beobachtet und es besteht die Vermutung, dass sie in der Praxis selten diagnostiziert wird.Verschiedene Zytokine sollten in Tränen und in der Konjunktiva mittels Assays bei atopischen und normalen Hunden untersucht werden und ein Vergleich der Konjunktivitis im Zusammenhang mit caniner atopischer Dermatitis und Kontrolltieren durchgeführt werden.Zehn atopische und zehn normale Hunde in Privatbesitz.Es wurden bilateral von okulären Oberflächen Proben für eine prospektive Studie entnommen, wobei zwei Methoden zum Einsatz kamen. Es wurden Tränenproben mit sterilen Tupfern, die zuvor mit einer Kochsalzlösung befeuchtet worden waren, genommen (Methode A). Außerdem wurden Impressionen der Bindehaut mit einem konjunktivalen Impressionsgerät (Methode B) genommen. Für jede Probe wurden die Konzentrationen eines Panels von 13 Zytokinen mittels Multiplex Analyse gemessen. CADESI-4, Pruritus (PS) und Konjunktiva Auswertungen (CS) wurden festgehalten.Von den gemessenen Zytokinen lagen bei den meisten Proben nur der Granulozyten-Makrophagen Kolonie-stimulierende Faktor (GM-CSF), der Keratinozyten-derived Chemokine (KC)-like Faktor und Interleukin (IL)-8 über der Messgrenze. Absolutwerte eines jeden Zytokins lagen in Proben, die mit Methode A gewonnen worden waren, immer höher als bei jenen, die mit Methode B gewonnen worden waren. GM-CSF Werte waren bei atopischen Hunden niedriger (Methode A, P = 0,02; Methode B, P = 0,0005). KC Werte waren bei atopischen Hunden höher, aber die Unterschiede waren nicht signifikant. IL-8 Werte waren bei atopischen Hunden höher (Methode A, P = 0,0003; Methode B, P = 0,006).Diese vorläufigen Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin - egal welche Methode angewendet wurde - dass trotz geringer konjunktivaler Symptome eine Überexprimierung von IL-8 in Konjunktiva und Tränen von atopischen Hunden vorkommt. Da IL-8 häufig bei entzündlichen Erkrankungen auftritt, sind weitere Studien nötig, um seine Spezifität bei der atopischen Konjunktivitis zu bestimmen.背景: アトピー犬に発症する結膜炎はすでに説明されているが、実際にはほとんど観察されず、おそらく過小診断されている。 目的: 本研究の目的は、アトピーおよび健常犬の涙液および結膜のさまざまなサイトカインを解析し、犬アトピー性皮膚炎に関連する結膜炎を対照と比較することであった。 被験動物: 10頭のアトピー犬および10頭のオーナー所有の健常犬。 材料と方法: 前向き研究では、2つの異なる方法を用いて、両眼の表面からサンプリングした。涙液サンプルは、あらかじめ生理食塩水で湿らせた滅菌綿棒で採取した (方法A) 。結膜インプレッションは、結膜インプレッション装置 (方法B) で得られた。各サンプルについて、13種類のサイトカインパネル濃度を多重分析によって測定した。 CADESI-4、掻痒(PS) および結膜 (CS) スコアを測定した。 結果: 測定されたサイトカインのうち、顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子 (GM-CSF) 、ケラチノサイト由来ケモカイン (KC) 様、およびインターロイキン (IL)-8のみが、ほとんどのサンプルで定量限界を超えていた。各サイトカインの絶対量は、方法Bよりも方法Aで得られたサンプルで常に高かった。GM-CSF量はアトピー犬で低かった (方法A、P = 0.02;方法B、P = 0.0005) 。 KCレベルはアトピー犬の方が高かったが、その差は有意ではなかった。 IL-8量は、アトピー犬の方が高かった (方法A、P = 0.0003;方法B、P = 0.006) 。 結論と臨床的関連性: 方法に関係なく、これらの予備的な結果は、微妙な結膜症状にもかかわらず、結膜およびアトピー犬の涙液におけるIL-8の過剰発現を示唆している。 IL-8は多くの炎症状態で一般的に見られるため、アトピー性結膜炎におけるその特異性を決定するには、さらなる研究が必要である。.背景: 已经描述了特应性犬中的结膜炎, 但在临床中很少观察到, 并且可能诊断不足。 目的 测定特应性和正常犬泪液和结膜中的各种细胞因子, 并将犬特应性皮炎相关结膜炎与对照组进行比较。 动物 10只特应性和10只正常客户拥有的犬。 方法和材料: 在一项前瞻性研究中, 使用两种不同的方法对眼表进行双侧采样。用预先用生理盐水溶液润湿的无菌拭子获得泪液样本 (方法a) 。用结膜按压工具获得结膜压片 (方法B) 。对于每份样本, 通过多重分析测量一组13种细胞因子的浓度。测定CADESI-4、瘙痒(PS)和结膜(CS)评分。 结果: 在测量的细胞因子中, 只有粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、角质形成细胞衍生趋化因子(KC)样和白介素(IL)-8在大多数样本中高于定量限。用方法A获得的样本中,每种细胞因子的绝对量始终高于方法B。特应性犬中GM-CSF的量较低 (方法A,P = 0.02; 方法B,P = 0.0005) 。特应性犬的KC水平较高, 但差异不显著。特应性犬的IL-8量较高 (方法A,P = 0.0003; 方法B,P = 0.006) 。 结论和临床相关性: 无论采用何种方法, 这些初步结果表明尽管存在细微的结膜症状, 但特应性犬的结膜和泪液中IL-8过度表达。由于IL-8常见于许多炎性疾病, 因此需要进一步的研究来确定其在特应性结膜炎中的特异性。.A conjuntivite em cães atópicos já foi descrita, mas raramente é observada e é provavelmente subdiagnosticada na prática.Testar várias citocinas em lágrimas e conjuntiva de cães atópicos e normais e comparar a conjuntivite associada à dermatite atópica canina com controles.Dez cães atópicos e dez cães normais de clientes. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: As superfícies oculares foram amostradas bilateralmente em um estudo prospectivo utilizando dois métodos diferentes. As amostras de lágrimas foram obtidas com um swab estéril previamente umedecido com solução salina (método A). As impressões conjuntivais foram obtidas com um dispositivo de impressão conjuntival (método B). Para cada amostra, as concentrações de um painel de 13 citocinas foram medidas por análise multiplex. Foram determinados os escores CADESI-4, prurido (PS) e conjuntival (CS).Entre as citocinas medidas, apenas o fator estimulador de colônias de granulócitos-macrófagos (GM-CSF), quimiocinas derivadas de queratinócitos (KC) e interleucina (IL) -8 estavam acima do limite de quantificação na maioria das amostras. As quantidades absolutas de cada citocina foram sempre maiores nas amostras obtidas com o método A do que com o método B. As quantidades de GM-CSF foram menores em cães atópicos (método A, P = 0,02; método B, P = 0,0005). Os níveis de KC foram maiores em cães atópicos, mas as diferenças não foram significativas. As quantidades de IL-8 foram maiores em cães atópicos (método A, P = 0,0003; método B, P = 0,006). CONCLUSÕES E RELEVÂNCIA CLÍNICA: Independentemente do método, esses resultados preliminares sugerem uma superexpressão de IL-8 na conjuntiva e lágrimas de cães atópicos, apesar dos sintomas conjuntivais sutis. Como a IL-8 é comumente encontrada em muitas condições inflamatórias, mais estudos são necessários para determinar sua especificidade na conjuntivite atópica.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Optimizing the early detection of low pathogenic avian influenza H7N9 virus in live bird markets

Author

Timothée Vergne, Pawin Padungtod, Claire Guinat, Long Pham Thanh, Ramsès Djidjou-Demasse, Tifenn Corre, Christian Selinger, Thuy Nguyen Thi Thanh, Ken Inui, Damian Tago, Didier Raboisson, Mathilde Paul, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Observatoire des Programmes Communautaires de Développement Rural (US ODR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development [Hanoï] (MARD), The research was funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the FEDER/Région Occitanie Recherche et Sociétés 2018—AI-TRACK., Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
China, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Early detection, low pathogenic H7N9 avian influenza virus, Bioengineering, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype, Biochemistry, Virus, Poultry, law.invention, transmission model, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Environmental health, Influenza, Human, Asian country, medicine, Animals, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Research Articles, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, live-bird markets, Diagnostic strategy, Low pathogenic, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, 3. Good health, Virus detection, surveillance strategies, Transmission (mechanics), Vietnam, Influenza in Birds, Life Sciences–Mathematics interface, Biotechnology
Abstract

In Southeast Asia, surveillance at live bird markets (LBMs) has been identified as crucial for detecting avian influenza viruses (AIV) and reducing the risk of human infections. However, the design of effective surveillance systems in LBMs remains complex given the rapid turn-over of poultry. We developed a deterministic transmission model to provide guidance for optimizing AIV surveillance efforts. The model was calibrated to fit one of the largest LBMs in northern Vietnam at high risk of low pathogenic H7N9 virus introduction from China to identify the surveillance strategy that optimizes H7N9 detection. Results show that (i) using a portable diagnostic device would slightly reduce the number of infected birds leaving the LBM before the first detection, as compared to a laboratory-based diagnostic strategy, (ii) H7N9 detection could become more timely by sampling birds staying overnight, just before new susceptible birds are introduced at the beginning of a working day, and (iii) banning birds staying overnight would represent an effective intervention to reduce the risk of H7N9 spread but would decrease the likelihood of virus detection if introduced. These strategies should receive high priority in Vietnam and other Asian countries at risk of H7N9 introduction. ISSN:1742-5689 ISSN:1742-5662

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Mechanical transmission of African swine fever virus by Stomoxys calcitrans : Insights from a mechanistic model

Author

Florence Etore, Nick De Regge, Emilie Bouhsira, Sarah Bonnet, Timothée Vergne, Elsa Quillery, Laurence Vial, Ferran Jori, Claude Saegerman, Mathieu Andraud, Johanna Fite, Marie-Frédérique Le Potier, Laetitia Lempereur, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Marc Desquesnes, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire [Liège], Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Innovations Thérapeutiques et Résistances (InTheRes), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)

Subjects
pig, Stable fly, Virus peste porcine africaine, Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sus scrofa, L73 - Maladies des animaux, law.invention, 0403 veterinary science, Porcin, law, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, Infectious dose, Muscidae, transmission, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, African Swine Fever Virus, Domestic pig, Transmission (mechanics), Vecteur de maladie, Maladie des animaux, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, 040301 veterinary sciences, Zoology, Context (language use), Stomoxys, stable fly, African swine fever virus, Stomoxys calcitrans, ASF, modelling, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, African Swine Fever, Transmission des maladies, 030304 developmental biology, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, fungi, L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales, Models, Theoretical, biology.organism_classification, Maladie transmise par vecteur, Insect Vectors, Modélisation, Vector (epidemiology), control, vector
Abstract

This assessment was conducted by the ad hoc working group ‘ASF vectors’ of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses).; International audience; African swine fever (ASF) represents a global threat with huge economic consequences for the swine industry. Even though direct contact is likely to be the main transmission route from infected to susceptible hosts, recent epidemiological investigations have raised questions regarding the role of haematophagous arthropods, in particular the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans). In this study, we developed a mechanistic vector-borne transmission model for ASF virus (ASFV) within an outdoor domestic pig farm in order to assess the relative contribution of stable flies to the spread of the virus. The model was fitted to the ecology of the vector, its blood-feeding behaviour and pig-to-pig transmission dynamic. Model outputs suggested that in a context of low abundance (

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Formal estimation of the seropositivity cut‐off of the hemagglutination inhibition assay in field diagnosis of influenza D virus in cattle and estimation of the associated true prevalence in Morocco

Author

Zaid Zouagui, Hicham Ait Lbacha, Said Alali, Gilles Meyer, Elias Salem, Claude Saegerman, Mariette F. Ducatez, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire [Liège], Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II - IAV (MOROCCO) (IAV), and This study was performed under the Grant Agreement Number GP/EFSA/AFSCO/2017/01-GA04, entitled ‘Risk assessment for influenza D in Europe'.

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cattle Diseases, Bovine respiratory disease, specificity, virus, Biology, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Virus, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Antigen, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Prevalence, medicine, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Hemagglutination assay, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, Receiver operating characteristic, hemagglutination inhibition assay, RNA virus, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, respiratory, sensitivity, 3. Good health, Morocco, Titer, cattle, surveillance, epidemiology, influenza, Thogotovirus
Abstract

International audience; The influenza D virus (IDV) was discovered less than ten years ago. Increased interest in this virus is due to its nature (RNA virus with high mutation rate), its worldwide circulation in livestock species, its probable role in bovine respiratory disease and its zoonotic potential. Until currently, the establishment of positivity cut-off of the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was not formalized in field conditions for the detection of antibodies directed against IDV in cattle (i.e. the proposed reservoir). In this study, the positivity cut-off of the HI assays was formally established (titre = 10) using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. This information was used to estimate the sensitivity (68.04 to 73.20%) and the specificity (94.17 to 96.12%) of two different HI assays (HI(1)and HI2, with two different IDV antigens) relatively to virus micro-neutralization test (VNT) as reference test. Based on the above characteristics, the true prevalence of IDV was then estimated in Morocco using a stochastic approach. Irrespective of the HI assays used, the estimation of the true prevalence was statistically equivalent (between 48.44% and 48.73%). In addition, the Spearman rank correlation between HI titres and VNT titres was statistically good (0.76 and 0.81 for HA(1)and HA(2), respectively). The positive (0.82 and 0.79 for HA(1)and HA(2), respectively) and the negative (0.86 and 0.85 for HA(1)and HA(2), respectively) agreement indices between results of HI assays and VNT were good and similar. This study allowed for a formal establishment of a positivity cut-off in HI assays for the detection of antibodies directed against IDV. This information is of prime importance to estimate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the test relatively to the VNT (i.e. the reference test). Using these characteristics, the true prevalence of IDV should be determined in a country.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Emerging Influenza D virus infection in European livestock as determined in serology studies: Are we underestimating its spread over the continent?

Author

Siamak Zohari, Aurélie Sausy, Irene Zanni, Eoin Ryan, Chiara Chiapponi, Judith M. Hübschen, Gilles Meyer, Claude Saegerman, Emanuela Foni, Maria Gaudino, Ana Moreno, Tom O’Donovan, Chantal J. Snoeck, Mariette F. Ducatez, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), National Veterinary Institute [Uppsala] (SVA), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire [Liège], Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, This study was performed under the Grant Agreement Number GP/EFSA/AFSCO/2017/01—GA04, entitled 'Risk assessment for influenza D in Europe'. This work was co-funded by the French National Agency for Research, project ANR-15-CE35-0005 'FLUD', the Italian Ministry of Health grant IZS LER 2015006 RC and Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, the Luxembourg Institute of Health, the Ministère de l'Agriculture, Viticulture et Développement Rural du Luxembourg, the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Ireland., and ANR-15-CE35-0005,FLUD,Eco-épidémiologie de virus influenza D : évaluation du risque d'émergence(2015)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biosecurity, Sus scrofa, Cattle Diseases, Sheep Diseases, Virus, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Seroepidemiologic Studies, medicine, Prevalence, Seroprevalence, Animals, small ruminants, Viral shedding, influenza D virus, Socioeconomics, Sheep, Domestic, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Swine Diseases, livestock trade, 0303 health sciences, Goat Diseases, Sheep, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, seroprevalence, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Goats, Zoonosis, swine, General Medicine, zoonosis, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Europe, Geography, cattle, Livestock, epidemiology, Viral spread, business, Thogotovirus
Abstract

International audience; Influenza D virus (IDV) is a novel orthomyxovirus that was first isolated in 2011 in the United States from a swine exhibiting influenza-like disease. To date, its detection is extended to all continents and in a broad host range: IDV is circulating in cattle, swine, feral swine, camelids, small ruminants and horses. Evidence also suggests a possible species jump to humans, underlining the issue of zoonotic potential. In Europe, serological investigations in cattle have partially allowed the understanding of the virus diffusion in different countries such as Italy, France, Luxembourg and Ireland. The infection is widespread in cattle but limited in other investigated species, consolidating the assumption of cattle as IDV primary host. We hypothesize that commercial livestock trade could play a role in the observed differences in IDV seroprevalence among these areas. Indeed, the overall level of exposure in cattle and swine in destination countries (e.g. Italy) is higher than in origin countries (e.g. France), leading to the hypothesis of a viral shedding following the transportation of young cattle abroad and thus contributing to larger diffusion at countries of destination. IDV large geographic circulation in cattle from Northern to more Southern European countries also supports the hypothesis of a viral spread through livestock trade. This review summarizes available data on IDV seroprevalence in Europe collected so far and integrates unpublished data from IDV European surveillance framework of the last decade. In addition, the possible role of livestock trade and biosecurity measures in this pathogen's spread is discussed.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Analysis of the demand for pet insurance among uninsured pet owners in the United States

Author

Jie Li, Guillaume Lhermie, Leslie J. Verteramo Chiu, Casey L. Cazer, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University [New York], Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Adult, Male, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sample (statistics), Canine cancer, insurance features, Preventive care, 0403 veterinary science, Young Adult, Dogs, Willingness to pay, Surveys and Questionnaires, pet economics, Animals, Humans, health care economics and organizations, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Service (business), pet insurance, Insurance, Health, Actuarial science, General Veterinary, Consumer demand, Ownership, 0402 animal and dairy science, Pets, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 040201 dairy & animal science, United States, 3. Good health, Conjoint analysis, insurance demand uptake, Cats, Female, Business, Dog owners
Abstract

International audience; Background: Although cost is often a barrier to providing optimal veterinary care, only a minority of pet owners use insurance to help cover veterinary costs. We sought to estimate consumer demand and preferences for pet insurance and how educating owners on treatment costs and disease risk affects pet insurance uptake.Methods: We surveyed 306 dog owners across the United States without pet insurance, including a choice experiment, used ordinary least squares regression to estimate the demand for pet insurance, and conjoint analysis to estimate the pet insurance feature preferences.Results: Pet insurance uptake increased by 12.3% after veterinary treatment cost and canine cancer risk information was presented to participants. We found that, on average, pet owners were willing to pay 24 dollars more per month for a preventive care service in pet insurance. Forty-four percent of participants were willing to spend up to 1000 dollars to prolong their pet's life a year, while 46% of the sample were willing to spend 3000 dollars or more.Conclusions: Our results suggest that providing pet owners’ information about the costs and likelihood of disease can increase their willingness to pay for pet insurance. Coverage of preventive care was the most valuable feature in pet insurance among those presented to dog owners.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Classical scrapie in small ruminants is caused by at least four different prion strains

Author

Natalia Fernández-Borges, María Zamora-Ceballos, Lorenzo González, Juan Carlos Espinosa, Juan María Torres, Leonor Orge, Patricia Aguilar-Calvo, J.L. Pitarch, Olivier Andreoletti, Romolo Nonno, Alba Marín-Moreno, Centro de Investigacion en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Animal and Plant Health Agency [Addlestone, UK] (APHA), Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária = National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research [Oeiras, Portugal] (INIAV), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), This work was funded by European Union Projects [FOOD‑CT‑2006‑36353 GoatBSE] to JMT and OA, and 219235 ERA‑NET EMIDA [GOAT‑TSE‑FREE] to JCE, OA and RN, Spanish Ministerio de Economía Industria y Competitividad [AGL2009‑11553‑C02‑02] to JMT, AEI/FEDER UE [AGL2016‑78054‑R] to JMT and JCE, and fellowship BES‑2010‑ 040922 to PAC, and fellowship Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Agroalimentaria [INIA‑FPI‑SGIT‑2015‑02] to AMM., European Project: 39519,GOATBSE, European Project: 219235,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-ERANET-2007-RTD,EMIDA(2008), University of California, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Marín-Moreno, Alba [0000-0002-4023-6398], Aguilar-Calvo, Patricia [0000-0001-5859-0240], Espinosa, Juan Carlos [0000-0002-6719-9902], Zamora-Ceballos, María [0000-0002-4694-2365], Pitarch, José Luis [0000-0003-3016-9125], González, Lorenzo [0000-0003-1513-1399], Orge, Leonor [0000-0002-2673-2758], Andréoletti, Olivier [0000-0002-7369-6016], Nonno, Romolo [0000-0001-7556-1564], Torres, Juan María [0000-0003-0443-9232], Marín-Moreno, Alba, Aguilar-Calvo, Patricia, Espinosa, Juan Carlos, Zamora-Ceballos, María, Pitarch, José Luis, González, Lorenzo, Orge, Leonor, Andréoletti, Olivier, Nonno, Romolo, and Torres, Juan María

Subjects
Adverse event, Prions, 040301 veterinary sciences, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Veterinary medicine, animal diseases, Sheep Diseases, Scrapie, Biology, Single strain, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, SF600-1100, medicine, Animals, Small ruminant, Sheep, Domestic, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Sheep disease, Goat Diseases, Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, Sheep, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, General Veterinary, Animal, Goats, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Classical scrapie, medicine.disease, Domestic sheep, Virology, nervous system diseases, Europe, Species barrier, Goat, Prion, Goat disease, Research Article
Abstract

15 pág. Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), The diversity of goat scrapie strains in Europe has recently been studied using bioassays in a wide collection of rodent models, resulting in the classification of classical scrapie into four different categories. However, the sole use of the first passage does not lead to isolate adaptation and identification of the strains involved and might therefore lead to misclassification of some scrapie isolates. Therefore, this work reports the complete transmission study of a wide collection of goat transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) isolates by intracranial inoculation in two transgenic mouse lines overexpressing either small ruminant (TgGoat-ARQ) or bovine (TgBov) PrPC. To compare scrapie strains in sheep and goats, sheep scrapie isolates from different European countries were also included in the study. Once the species barrier phenomenon was overcome, an accurate classification of the isolates was attained. Thus, the use of just two rodent models allowed us to fully differentiate at least four different classical scrapie strains in small ruminants and to identify isolates containing mixtures of strains. This work reinforces the idea that classical scrapie in small ruminants is a prion disease caused by multiple different prion strains and not by a single strain, as is the case for epidemic classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE-C). In addition, the clear dissimilarity between the different scrapie strains and BSE-C does not support the idea that classical scrapie is the origin of epidemic BSE-C., This work was funded by European Union Projects [FOOD-CT-2006-36353 [GoatBSE] to JMT and OA and 219235 ERA-NET EMIDA [GOAT-TSE-FREE] to JCE, OA and RN], Spanish Ministerio de Economía Industria y Competitividad [AGL2009-11553-C02-02 to JMT, AGL2016-78054-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) to JMT and JCE and fellowship BES-2010- 040922 to PAC], and Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Agroalimentaria [fellowship INIA-FPI-SGIT-2015-02 to AMM]. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Antigenic and molecular characterization of low pathogenic avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses in sub-Saharan Africa from 2017 through 2019

Author

Maxime, Fusade-Boyer, Fidélia, Djegui, Komla, Batawui, Denis K, Byuragaba, Jeremy C, Jones, Fred, Wabwire-Mangeni, Bernard, Erima, Gladys, Atim, Qouilazoni A, Ukuli, Titus, Tugume, Koffi, Dogno, Komlan, Adjabli, Mvibudulu, Nzuzi, Rachidatou, Adjin, Trushar, Jeevan, Adam, Rubrum, Wolali, Go-Maro, Ghazi, Kayali, Pamela, McKenzie, Richard J, Webby, Mariette F, Ducatez, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Diagnostic Vétérinaire et de Sérosurveillance (LADISERO), Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire de Lomé, Makerere University [Kampala, Ouganda] (MAK), St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Walter Reed Project, Human Link, University of Texas Health Science Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), and This study was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (CEIRS HHSN266200700005C and HHSN272201400006C). M.F.B. is supported by a PhD scholarship of the French Ministry of Research and Higher Education. Samples collection and virus isolation of Ugandan isolates received support to DKB from the Department of Defense Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch Global Emerging Infections Surveillance Section [grant number: P0136_19_KY_08].

Subjects
Virulence, viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], virus diseases, Cross Reactions, Antibodies, Viral, Virus Replication, phylogeny, Antigenic Variation, Evolution, Molecular, one health, Influenza in Birds, Influenza, Human, parasitic diseases, Africa, Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype, Animals, Humans, Influenza virus, antigenic cartography, Chickens, Africa South of the Sahara, Poultry Diseases, Research Article
Abstract

International audience; Sub-Saharan Africa was historically considered an animal influenza cold spot, with only sporadic highly pathogenic H5 outbreaks detected over the last 20 years. However, in 2017, low pathogenic avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses were detected in poultry in Sub-Saharan Africa. Molecular, phylogenetic, and antigenic characterization of isolates from Benin, Togo, and Uganda showed that they belonged to the G1 lineage. Isolates from Benin and Togo clustered with viruses previously described in Western Africa, whereas viruses from Uganda were genetically distant and clustered with viruses from the Middle East. Viruses from Benin exhibited decreased cross-reactivity with those from Togo and Uganda, suggesting antigenic drift associated with reduced replication in Calu-3 cells. The viruses exhibited mammalian adaptation markers similar to those of the human strain A/Senegal/0243/2019 (H9N2). Therefore, viral genetic and antigenic surveillance in Africa is of paramount importance to detect further evolution or emergence of new zoonotic strains.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Household Cases Suggest That Cats Belonging to Owners with COVID-19 Have a Limited Role in Virus Transmission

Author

Jean-Luc Guérin, Marie-Christine Cadiergues, Mathilda Walch, Maxime Fusade-Boyer, Guillaume Croville, Laetitia Lèbre, Séverine Boullier, Pierre Bessière, Jessie Brun, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Innovations Thérapeutiques et Résistances (InTheRes), Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This research was funded by the research unit IHAP (Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT) and by the department of dermatology of ENVT., and RIOU, Christine

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Viral nucleic acid, Virus transmission, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, J.-L. Household Cases Suggest That Cats Belonging to Owners with COVID-19 Have a Limited Role in Virus Transmission COVID-19, reverse-zoonosis, lcsh:QR1-502, Bessière, Cat Diseases, Viral Zoonoses, lcsh:Microbiology, M, Fusade-Boyer, Chlorocebus aethiops, Epidemiology, Walch, Croville, Phylogeny, CATS, P, biology, Communication, L, Virus Shedding, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious Diseases, Animals, Domestic, Disease Susceptibility, Antibody, Guérin, medicine.medical_specialty, S, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Cadiergues, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 030106 microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, G, medicine, Animals, Humans, Lèbre, Viral shedding, Vero Cells, Whole Genome Sequencing, Brun, SARS-CoV-2, cats, J, COVID-19, Boullier, Antibodies, Neutralizing, M.-C, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein
Abstract

International audience; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19 and spread rapidly following its emergence in Wuhan in 2019. Although cats are, among other domestic animals, susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, little is known about their epidemiological role in the dynamics of a household infection. In this study, we monitored five cats for viral shedding daily. Each cat was confined with its COVID-19 positive owners in separate households. Low loads of viral nucleic acid were found in two cats, but only one developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, which suggests that cats have a limited role in COVID-19 epidemiology.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results