Author: "Jean-François Lemaître" / Topic: animals - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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49 results on '"Jean-François Lemaître"'

1. Compensatory recruitment allows amphibian population persistence in anthropogenic habitats

Author: Hugo Cayuela, Benjamin Monod-Broca, Jean-François Lemaître, Aurélien Besnard, Jérôme M. W. Gippet, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Antonio Romano, Thomas Hertach, Claudio Angelini, Stefano Canessa, Giacomo Rosa, Leonardo Vignoli, Alberto Venchi, Marco Carafa, Filippo Giachi, Andrea Tiberi, Alena M. Hantzschmann, Ulrich Sinsch, Emilie Tournier, Eric Bonnaire, Günter Gollmann, Birgit Gollmann, Annemarieke Spitzen-van der Sluijs, Holger Buschmann, Thierry Kinet, Arnaud Laudelout, Remi Fonters, Yoann Bunz, Marc Corail, Carlo Biancardi, Anna R. Di Cerbo, Dominique Langlois, Jean-Marc Thirion, Laurent Bernard, Elodie Boussiquault, Florian Doré, Titouan Leclerc, Nadine Enderlin, Florian Laurenceau, Lucy Morin, Mégane Skrzyniarz, Mickael Barrioz, Yohan Morizet, Sam S. Cruickshank, Julian Pichenot, Andreas Maletzky, Thibaut Delsinne, Dominik Henseler, Damien Aumaître, Miguel Gailledrat, Julien Moquet, Robert Veen, Peter Krijnen, Laurent Rivière, Matteo Trenti, Sonia Endrizzi, Paolo Pedrini, Marta Biaggini, Stefano Vanni, David Dudgeon, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Jean-Paul Léna, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology and Evolution [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Équipe 4 - Écophysiologie, Comportement, Conservation (E2C), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cayuela, H., Monod-Broca, B., Lemaitre, J. -F., Besnard, A., Gippet, J. M. W., Schmidt, B. R., Romano, A., Hertach, T., Angelini, C., Canessa, S., Rosa, G., Vignoli, L., Venchi, A., Carafa, M., Giachi, F., Tiberi, A., Hantzschmann, A. M., Sinsch, U., Tournier, E., Bonnaire, E., Gollmann, G., Gollmann, B., Spitzen-Van der Sluijs, A., Buschmann, H., Kinet, T., Laudelout, A., Fonters, R., Bunz, Y., Corail, M., Biancardi, C., Di Cerbo, A. R., Langlois, D., Thirion, J. -M., Bernard, L., Boussiquault, E., Dore, F., Leclerc, T., Enderlin, N., Laurenceau, F., Morin, L., Skrzyniarz, M., Barrioz, M., Morizet, Y., Cruickshank, S. S., Pichenot, J., Maletzky, A., Delsinne, T., Henseler, D., Aumaitre, D., Gailledrat, M., Moquet, J., Veen, R., Krijnen, P., Riviere, L., Trenti, M., Endrizzi, S., Pedrini, P., Biaggini, M., Vanni, S., Dudgeon, D., Gaillard, J. -M., and Lena, J. -P.
Subjects: senescence, Multidisciplinary, Animal Ecology and Physiology, Anthropogenic Effects, Population Dynamics, Biodiversity, survival, Europe, recruitment, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animals, 570 Life sciences, biology, amphibian, Anura, global change, 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
Abstract: Habitat anthropization is a major driver of global biodiversity decline. Although most species are negatively affected, some benefit from anthropogenic habitat modifications by showing intriguing life-history responses. For instance, increased recruitment through higher allocation to reproduction or improved performance during early-life stages could compensate for reduced adult survival, corresponding to “compensatory recruitment”. To date, evidence of compensatory recruitment in response to habitat modification is restricted to plants, limiting understanding of its importance as a response to global change. We used the yellow-bellied toad ( Bombina variegata ), an amphibian occupying a broad range of natural and anthropogenic habitats, as a model species to test for and to quantify compensatory recruitment. Using an exceptional capture–recapture dataset composed of 21,714 individuals from 67 populations across Europe, we showed that adult survival was lower, lifespan was shorter, and actuarial senescence was higher in anthropogenic habitats, especially those affected by intense human activities. Increased recruitment in anthropogenic habitats fully offset reductions in adult survival, with the consequence that population growth rate in both habitat types was similar. Our findings indicate that compensatory recruitment allows toad populations to remain viable in human-dominated habitats and might facilitate the persistence of other animal populations in such environments.
Published: 2022
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2. Telomeres as a sentinel of population decline in the context of global warming

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Eric Gilson, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and Lemaitre, Jean-François
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population Dynamics, Sentinel Species, Animals, Lizards, Telomere, Extinction, Biological, Global Warming
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023
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3. Age and spatio-temporal variations in food resources modulate stress-immunity relationships in three populations of wild roe deer

Author: Jeffrey Carbillet, Marine Hollain, Benjamin Rey, Rupert Palme, Maryline Pellerin, Corinne Regis, Anne Geffré, Jeanne Duhayer, Sylvia Pardonnet, François Debias, Joël Merlet, Jean-François Lemaître, Hélène Verheyden, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER ZA PYRenees GARonne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The study was funded by INRAE, VetAgro Sup and ONCFS/OFB, ANR-11-LABX-0048,ECOFECT,Dynamiques eco-évolutives des maladies infectieuses(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), SEGUIN, Nathalie, Dynamiques eco-évolutives des maladies infectieuses - - ECOFECT2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0048 - LABX - VALID, and PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE - - Avenir L.S.E.2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0007 - IDEX - VALID
Subjects: Innate immunity, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Hydrocortisone, Deer, Ecophysiology, Stress hormones, Adaptive immunity, Animals, Wild, Trade-off, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Endocrinology, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, [SDV.GEN.GPO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Animals, Faecal glucocorticoid metabolites, [SDV.BA.ZV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Animal Science and Zoology, [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Glucocorticoids, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract: Living in variable and unpredictable environments, organisms face recurrent stressful situations. The endocrine stress response, which includes the secretion of glucocorticoids, helps organisms to cope with these perturbations. Although short-term elevations of glucocorticoid levels are often associated with immediate beneficial consequences for individuals, long-term glucocorticoid elevation can compromise key physiological functions such as immunity. While laboratory works highlighted the immunosuppressive effect of long-term elevated glucocorticoids, it remains largely unknown, especially in wild animals, whether this relationship is modulated by individual and environmental characteristics. In this study, we explored the co-variation between baseline cortisol levels, assessed non-invasively using faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs), and 12 constitutive indices of innate, inflammatory, and adaptive immune functions, in wild roe deer living in three populations with contrasting environmental conditions. Using longitudinal data on 564 individuals, we further investigated whether age and spatio-temporal variations in the quantity and quality of food resources affect the relationship between FCMs and immunity. Negative covariation with glucocorticoids was evident only for innate and inflammatory markers of immunity, while adaptive immunity appeared to be positively or not linked to glucocorticoids. In addition, the negative covariations were generally exacerbated, or revealed, in individuals facing harsh environmental constraints and in old individuals. Therefore, our results highlight the importance of measuring multiple immune markers of immunity in individuals from contrasted environments to unravel the complex relationships between glucocorticoids and immunity in wild animals. Our results also help explain conflicting results found in the literature and could improve our understanding of the long-term consequences of elevated glucocorticoid levels on disease spread and population dynamics.
Published: 2023
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4. Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity

Author: Beth A. Reinke, Hugo Cayuela, Fredric J. Janzen, Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, A. Michelle Lawing, John B. Iverson, Ditte G. Christiansen, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Gregorio Sánchez-Montes, Jorge Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Francis L. Rose, Nicola Nelson, Susan Keall, Alain J. Crivelli, Theodoros Nazirides, Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth, Klaus Henle, Emiliano Mori, Gaëtan Guiller, Rebecca Homan, Anthony Olivier, Erin Muths, Blake R. Hossack, Xavier Bonnet, David S. Pilliod, Marieke Lettink, Tony Whitaker, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Michael G. Gardner, Marc Cheylan, Françoise Poitevin, Ana Golubović, Ljiljana Tomović, Dragan Arsovski, Richard A. Griffiths, Jan W. Arntzen, Jean-Pierre Baron, Jean-François Le Galliard, Thomas Tully, Luca Luiselli, Massimo Capula, Lorenzo Rugiero, Rebecca McCaffery, Lisa A. Eby, Venetia Briggs-Gonzalez, Frank Mazzotti, David Pearson, Brad A. Lambert, David M. Green, Nathalie Jreidini, Claudio Angelini, Graham Pyke, Jean-Marc Thirion, Pierre Joly, Jean-Paul Léna, Anton D. Tucker, Col Limpus, Pauline Priol, Aurélien Besnard, Pauline Bernard, Kristin Stanford, Richard King, Justin Garwood, Jaime Bosch, Franco L. Souza, Jaime Bertoluci, Shirley Famelli, Kurt Grossenbacher, Omar Lenzi, Kathleen Matthews, Sylvain Boitaud, Deanna H. Olson, Tim S. Jessop, Graeme R. Gillespie, Jean Clobert, Murielle Richard, Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez, Gary M. Fellers, Patrick M. Kleeman, Brian J. Halstead, Evan H. Campbell Grant, Phillip G. Byrne, Thierry Frétey, Bernard Le Garff, Pauline Levionnois, John C. Maerz, Julian Pichenot, Kurtuluş Olgun, Nazan Üzüm, Aziz Avcı, Claude Miaud, Johan Elmberg, Gregory P. Brown, Richard Shine, Nathan F. Bendik, Lisa O’Donnell, Courtney L. Davis, Michael J. Lannoo, Rochelle M. Stiles, Robert M. Cox, Aaron M. Reedy, Daniel A. Warner, Eric Bonnaire, Kristine Grayson, Roberto Ramos-Targarona, Eyup Baskale, David Muñoz, John Measey, F. Andre de Villiers, Will Selman, Victor Ronget, Anne M. Bronikowski, David A. W. Miller, Northeastern Illinois University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Department of Ecology and Evolution [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Iowa State University (ISU), W. K. Kellogg Biological Station (KBS), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Texas A&M University [College Station], Earlham College, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Department of Biological Sciences [Lubbock], Texas Tech University [Lubbock] (TTU), School of Biological Sciences [Wellington, New Zealand], Victoria University of Wellington, Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Auteur indépendant, Department of Conservation Biology [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems [CNR, Italy] (IRET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Le Grand Momesson, Bouvron, France, Denison University, Fort Collins Science Center (FORT), US Geological Survey [Fort Collins], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS)-United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), University of Montana, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (FRESC), Info Fauna Karch 2000, Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Macedonian Ecological Society, University of Kent [Canterbury], Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute for Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation [Rome, Italy], Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Université de Lomé [Togo], Museo Civico di Zoologia, U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions [Australia], Parks and Wildlife Service of Northern Territory, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Redpath Museum, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Kunming Institute of Botany [CAS] (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Macquarie University, Association Objectifs Biodiversités (OBIOS), Équipe 4 - Écophysiologie, Comportement, Conservation (E2C), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSIRO, EcoSciences Precinct, StatiPOP, scientific consulting, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Northern Illinois University, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Universidad de Oviedo [Oviedo], Department of Biology [Mato Grosso], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT University), University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI), Naturhistorisches Museum [Bern], USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Deakin University [Waurn Ponds], Palmerston North Research Centre, Plant & Food Research, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Austral de Chile, ONG Ranita de Darwin, U.S Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Wollongong], Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia]-University of Wollongong [Australia], Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Office national des forêts (ONF), University of Georgia [USA], Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Eco-éthologie (2C2A-CERFE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, University College of Kristianstad, Watershed Protection Department, Cornell Lab of Ornithology [New York], Cornell University [New York], Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University System, University of Virginia, Auburn University (AU), University of Richmond, Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente (CITMA), Pamukkale University, Stellenbosch University, Millsaps College, Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01AG049416 (to A.M.B., F.J.J., and D.A.W.M.). H.C. was supported as a postdoctoral researcher by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 31003A_182265)., Office National des Forêts (ONF), University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), and Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology
Subjects: life history, demography, Aging, phenotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Longevity, tetrapod, ectothermy, phylogeny, Amphibia, Amphibians, VERTEBRADOS, evolution, Animals, animal, Multidisciplinary, nonhuman, article, Reptiles, mortality, Biological Evolution, phylogenetics, reptile, GN, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, environmental temperature, body size
Abstract: Comparative studies of mortality in the wild are necessary to understand the evolution of aging; yet, ectothermic tetrapods are underrepresented in this comparative landscape, despite their suitability for testing evolutionary hypotheses. We present a study of aging rates and longevity across wild tetrapod ectotherms, using data from 107 populations (77 species) of nonavian reptiles and amphibians. We test hypotheses of how thermoregulatory mode, environmental temperature, protective phenotypes, and pace of life history contribute to demographic aging. Controlling for phylogeny and body size, ectotherms display a higher diversity of aging rates compared with endotherms and include phylogenetically widespread evidence of negligible aging. Protective phenotypes and life-history strategies further explain macroevolutionary patterns of aging. Analyzing ectothermic tetrapods in a comparative context enhances our understanding of the evolution of aging.
Published: 2022
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5. Sex-related differences in aging rate areassociated with sex chromosome system inamphibians

Author: Hugo Cayuela, Jean‐François Lemaître, Jean‐Paul Léna, Victor Ronget, Iñigo Martínez‐Solano, Erin Muths, David S. Pilliod, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Gregorio Sánchez‐Montes, Jorge Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez, Graham Pyke, Kurt Grossenbacher, Omar Lenzi, Jaime Bosch, Karen H. Beard, Lawrence L. Woolbright, Brad A. Lambert, David M. Green, Nathalie Jreidini, Justin M. Garwood, Robert N. Fisher, Kathleen Matthews, David Dudgeon, Anthony Lau, Jeroen Speybroeck, Rebecca Homan, Robert Jehle, Eyup Başkale, Emiliano Mori, Jan W. Arntzen, Pierre Joly, Rochelle M. Stiles, Michael J. Lannoo, John C. Maerz, Winsor H. Lowe, Andrés Valenzuela‐Sánchez, Ditte G. Christiansen, Claudio Angelini, Jean‐Marc Thirion, Juha Merilä, Guarino R. Colli, Mariana M. Vasconcellos, Taissa C. V. Boas, Ísis da C. Arantes, Pauline Levionnois, Beth A. Reinke, Cristina Vieira, Gabriel A. B. Marais, Jean‐Michel Gaillard, David A. W. Miller, Swiss National Science Foundation, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des populations, and Wiley Online Library
Subjects: Male, SELECTION, Aging, senescence, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, MODELS, Senescence, Amphibians, Y Chromosome, Genetics, Animals, sex chromosome, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, TREE, LIFE-SPAN, MORTALITY COSTS, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Sex Characteristics, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Sex Chromosomes, amphibians, COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY, Life Sciences, Sex Determination Processes, EVOLUTION, INSIGHTS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Sex chromosome, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, NATURAL-POPULATIONS
Abstract: Sex-related differences in mortality are widespread in the animal kingdom. Although studies have shown that sex determinationsystems might drive lifespan evolution, sex chromosome influence on aging rates have not been investigated so far, likely due toan apparent lack of demographic data from clades including both XY (with heterogametic males) and ZW (heterogametic females)systems. Taking advantage of a unique collection of capture–recapture datasets in amphibians, a vertebrate group where XY andZW systems have repeatedly evolved over the past 200 million years, we examined whether sex heterogamy can predict sexdifferences in aging rates and lifespans. We showed that the strength and direction of sex differences in aging rates (and notlifespan) differ between XY and ZW systems. Sex-specific variation in aging rates was moderate within each system, but agingrates tended to be consistently higher in the heterogametic sex. This led to small but detectable effects of sex chromosome systemon sex differences in aging rates in our models. Although preliminary, our results suggest that exposed recessive deleteriousmutations on the X/Z chromosome (the “unguarded X/Z effect”) or repeat-rich Y/W chromosome (the “toxic Y/W effect”) couldaccelerate aging in the heterogametic sex in some vertebrate clades., C was supported asa postdoctoral researcher by the Vanier-Banting postdoctoral fellowship program and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF grant number 31003A_182265).
Published: 2022
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6. Thermal conditions predict intraspecific variation in senescence rate in frogs and toads

Author: Rebecca McCaffery, Erin Muths, Lisa A. Eby, David S. Pilliod, Johan Elmberg, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Jérôme M. W. Gippet, Thierry Frétey, Blake R. Hossack, Omar Lenzi, Jean-François Lemaître, Bernard Le Garff, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Brad A. Lambert, Kurt Grossenbacher, Juha Merilä, Hugo Cayuela, University of Zurich, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des populations, United States Geological Survey (USGS), Biodiversité et gestion des territoires, Université de Rennes (UR), University of Montana, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Kristianstad University College - HKR (SWEDEN), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), H.C. was supported as a postdoctoral researcher by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. 31003A_182265). J.M. acknowledges financial support from the Academy of Finland and the University of Helsinki as well as logistic support provide by the Kilpisjärvi Biological Station of the University of Helsinki. J.E. was supported by the Verner von Heidenstam Fund, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, and the Swedish Natural Science Research Council. The funding for field work was supported by Boise State University, the Bureau of Land Management, Colorado Parks and Wildlife, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, the Nevada Department of Wildlife, the University of Montana, the University of Nevada Reno, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the US Forest Service and US Geological Survey (USGS), and the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment., Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Ecological Genetics Research Unit, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and University of Helsinki
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, demography, senescence, Ranidae, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Global Warming, 01 natural sciences, RANA-TEMPORARIA, LONGEVITY, Bufo, POPULATION, 0303 health sciences, amphibians, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Biodiversity, Biological Sciences, Europe, Ectotherm, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, SURVIVAL, 590 Animals (Zoology), Anura, Senescence, SEX-DIFFERENCES, Climate Change, Context (language use), ectotherms, COMMON FROGS, 010603 evolutionary biology, Intraspecific competition, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Temperate climate, Animals, TOLERANCE, AGING RATES, climate, Rana luteiventris, 030304 developmental biology, aging, temperature, biology.organism_classification, Bufonidae, 13. Climate action, North America, 570 Life sciences, amphibian, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Variation in temperature is known to influence mortality patterns in ectotherms. Even though a few experimental studies on model organisms have reported a positive relationship between temperature and actuarial senescence (i.e., the increase in mortality risk with age), how variation in climate influences the senescence rate across the range of a species is still poorly understood in free-ranging animals. We filled this knowledge gap by investigating the relationships linking senescence rate, adult lifespan, and climatic conditions using long-term capture–recapture data from multiple amphibian populations. We considered two pairs of related anuran species from the Ranidae ( Rana luteiventris and Rana temporaria ) and Bufonidae ( Anaxyrus boreas and Bufo bufo ) families, which diverged more than 100 Mya and are broadly distributed in North America and Europe. Senescence rates were positively associated with mean annual temperature in all species. In addition, lifespan was negatively correlated with mean annual temperature in all species except A. boreas . In both R. luteiventris and A. boreas , mean annual precipitation and human environmental footprint both had negligible effects on senescence rates or lifespans. Overall, our findings demonstrate the critical influence of thermal conditions on mortality patterns across anuran species from temperate regions. In the current context of further global temperature increases predicted by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios, a widespread acceleration of aging in amphibians is expected to occur in the decades to come, which might threaten even more seriously the viability of populations and exacerbate global decline.
Published: 2021
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7. Evolution of large males is associated with female‐skewed adult sex ratios in amniotes

Author: Tamás Székely, András Liker, Robert P. Freckleton, Ivett Pipoly, Veronika Bókony, Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, genetic structures, Range (biology), media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Comparative method, Competition (biology), Birds, mating competition, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Animals, Body Size, sexual selection, Juvenile, Sex Ratio, Mating, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Sex Characteristics, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), biology, sex-biased mortality, biology.organism_classification, Sexual dimorphism, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Sexual selection, Female, Amniote, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, mating opportunity, Sex ratio
Abstract: Body size often differs between the sexes (leading to sexual size dimorphism, SSD), as a consequence of differential responses by males and females to selection pressures. Adult sex ratio (ASR, the proportion of males in the adult population) should influence SSD because ASR relates to both the number of competitors and available mates, which shape the intensity of mating competition and thereby promotes SSD evolution. However, whether ASR correlates with SSD variation among species has not been yet tested across a broad range of taxa. Using phylogenetic comparative analyses of 462 amniotes (i.e., reptiles, birds, and mammals), we fill this knowledge gap by showing that male bias in SSD increases with increasingly female-skewed ASRs in both mammals and birds. This relationship is not explained by the higher mortality of the larger sex because SSD is not associated with sex differences in either juvenile or adult mortality. Phylogenetic path analysis indicates that higher mortality in one sex leads to skewed ASR, which in turn may generate selection for SSD biased toward the rare sex. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that skewed ASRs in amniote populations can result in the rarer sex evolving large size to capitalize on enhanced mating opportunities.
Published: 2021
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8. Is degree of sociality associated with reproductive senescence? A comparative analysis across birds and mammals

Author: Csongor I. Vágási, Orsolya Vincze, Péter L. Pap, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Victor Ronget, Jean-François Lemaître, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Reproductive ageing, Body size, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Degree (temperature), Nesting Behavior, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, Reproductive senescence, biology.animal, Cooperative breeding, Subject areas, Animals, Life history, Cooperative Behavior, Social Behavior, Pace of life, Sociality, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Mammals, 0303 health sciences, Reproduction, Vertebrate, Articles, Brain size, Mammal, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: Our understanding on how widespread reproductive senescence is in the wild and how the onset and rate of reproductive senescence vary among species in relation to life histories and lifestyles is currently limited. More specifically, whether the species-specific degree of sociality is linked to the occurrence, onset and rate of reproductive senescence remains unknown. Here, we investigate these questions using phylogenetic comparative analyses across 36 bird and 101 mammal species encompassing a wide array of life histories, lifestyles and social traits. We found that female reproductive senescence: (i) is widespread and occurs with similar frequency (about two-thirds) in birds and mammals; (ii) occurs later in life and is slower in birds than in similar-sized mammals; (iii) occurs later in life and is slower with an increasingly slower pace of life in both vertebrate classes; and (iv) is only weakly associated, if any, with the degree of sociality in both classes after accounting for the effect of body size and pace of life. However, when removing the effect of species differences in pace of life, a higher degree of sociality was associated with later and weaker reproductive senescence in females, which suggests that the degree of sociality is either indirectly related to reproductive senescence via the pace of life or simply a direct outcome of the pace of life. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?’
Published: 2021
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9. Maternal effects shape offspring physiological condition but do not senesce in a wild mammal

Author: François Débias, Maryline Pellerin, Louise Cheynel, Benjamin Rey, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Erwan Quéméré, Jean-François Lemaître, Sylvia Pardonnet, Jeanne Duhayer, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), University of Liverpool, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: life history, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Senescence, Offspring, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Physiology, Forests, eco, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, immunology, 03 medical and health sciences, Capreolus, Immune system, biology.animal, Animals, roe deer, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Physiological condition, Deer, Body Weight, Maternal effect, Age Factors, biology.organism_classification, Roe deer, 030104 developmental biology, ageing, Ageing, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Maternal Inheritance, body condition, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Maternal Age
Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.; International audience; In vertebrates, offspring survival often decreases with increasing maternal age. While many studies have reported a decline in fitness-related traits of offspring with increasing maternal age, the study of senescence in maternal effect through age-specific changes in offspring physiological condition is still at its infancy. We assessed the influence of maternal age and body mass on offspring physiological condition in two populations of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) subjected to markedly different environmental conditions. We measured seven markers to index body condition and characterize the immune profile in 86 fawns which became recently independent of their known-aged mothers. We did not find striking effects of maternal age on offspring physiological condition measured at 8 months of age. This absence of evidence for senescence in maternal effects is likely due to the strong viability selection observed in the very first months of life in this species. Offspring physiological condition was, on the other hand, positively influenced by maternal body mass. Between-population differences in environmental conditions experienced by fawns also influenced their average body condition and immune phenotype. Fawns facing food limitation displayed lower values in some markers of body condition (body mass and haemoglobin levels) than those living in good quality habitat. They also allocated preferentially to humoral immunity, contrary to those living in good conditions, which allocated more to cellular response. These results shed a new light on the eco-physiological pathways mediating the relationship between mother's mass and offspring condition.
Published: 2021
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10. Short-term telomere dynamics is associated with glucocorticoid levels in wild populations of roe deer

Author: Jean-Michel Gaillard, Maryline Pellerin, Corinne Régis, Benjamin Rey, Jeanne Duhayer, Hannah Froy, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Jeffrey Carbillet, Rachael V. Wilbourn, Louise Cheynel, Jean-François Lemaître, Sylvia Pardonnet, Hélène Verheyden, François Débias, Daniel H. Nussey, Sarah L. Underwood, Rupert Palme, A. J. Mark Hewison, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Institute of Evolutionary Biology [Edinburgh], School of Biological Sciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh-University of Edinburgh, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pathology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK., Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), BBSRC grant no. (BB/ L020769/1), OFB staff, ANR-15-CE32-0002,AGEX,Vieillissement sexe-spécifique en milieu naturel(2015), ANR-11-LABX-0048,ECOFECT,Dynamiques eco-évolutives des maladies infectieuses(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Institute of Infection and Global Health [University of Liverpool, UK], University of Liverpool, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) : grant no. (BB/L020769/1), and Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Subjects: Male, life history, 0106 biological sciences, Senescence, Aging, senescence, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, capreolus capreolus, fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, Stress, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Environmental stress, stress, 03 medical and health sciences, Capreolus, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, medicine, Animals, Life-history, Life history, Glucocorticoids, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, Deer, aging, Stressor, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Telomere, biology.organism_classification, Roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Glucocorticoid, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; While evidence that telomere length is associated with health and mortality in humans and birds is accumulating, a large body of research is currently seeking to identify factors that modulate telomere dynamics. We tested the hypothesis that high levels of glucocorticoids in individuals under environmental stress should accelerate telomere shortening in two wild populations of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) living in different ecological contexts. From two consecutive annual sampling sessions, we found that individuals with faster rates of telomere shortening had higher concentrations of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, suggesting a functional link between glucocorticoid levels and telomere attrition rate. This relationship was consistent for both sexes and populations. This finding paves the way for further studies of the fitness consequences of exposure to environmental stressors in wild vertebrates.
Published: 2021
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11. DNA methylation as a tool to explore ageing in wild roe deer populations

Author: Sylvia Pardonnet, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Jeanne Duhayer, François Débias, Amin Haghani, Joseph A. Zoller, Caesar Z. Li, Corinne Régis, Maryline Pellerin, Steve Horvath, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Benjamin Rey, Jean-François Lemaître, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Fielding School of Public Health, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Ecologie et évolution des populations, and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Senescence, Epigenomics, Male, Aging, senescence, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], growth, sex differences in lifespan, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Epigenesis, Genetic, 03 medical and health sciences, Capreolus, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Genetics, Animals, Epigenetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Deer, life-history, dNaM, Methylation, DNA Methylation, biology.organism_classification, Roe deer, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Ageing, Evolutionary biology, DNA methylation, Female, epigenetic clock, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; DNA methylation-based biomarkers of ageing (epigenetic clocks) promise to lead to new insights into evolutionary biology of ageing. Relatively little is known about how the natural environment affects epigenetic ageing effects in wild species. In this study, we took advantage of a unique long-term (>40 years) longitudinal monitoring of individual roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) living in two wild populations (Chizé and Trois-Fontaines, France) facing different ecological contexts, to investigate the relationship between chronological age and levels of DNA methylation (DNAm). We generated novel DNA methylation data from n = 94 blood samples, from which we extracted leucocyte DNA, using a custom methylation array (HorvathMammalMethylChip40). We present three DNA methylation-based estimators of age (DNAm or epigenetic age), which were trained in males, females, and both sexes combined. We investigated how sex differences influenced the relationship between DNAm age and chronological age using sex-specific epigenetic clocks. Our results highlight that old females may display a lower degree of biological ageing than males. Further, we identify the main sites of epigenetic alteration that have distinct ageing patterns between the two sexes. These findings open the door to promising avenues of research at the crossroads of evolutionary biology and biogerontology
Published: 2021
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12. Female reproductive senescence across mammals: A high diversity of patterns modulated by life history and mating traits

Author: Victor Ronget, Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Senescence, Aging, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Fertility, Comparative biology, Biology, Sexual Behavior, Animal, 03 medical and health sciences, Reproductive senescence, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Animals, Mating, Life History Traits, Cellular Senescence, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Mammals, Reproduction, Placentation, 030104 developmental biology, Female, Allometry, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Senescence patterns are highly variable across the animal kingdom. However, while empirical evidence of actuarial senescence in vertebrates is accumulating in the wild and life history correlates of actuarial senescence are increasingly identified, both the extent and variation of reproductive senescence across species remain poorly studied. Here, we performed the first large-scale analysis of female reproductive senescence across 101 mammalian species that encompassed a wide range of Orders. We found evidence of reproductive senescence in 68.31 % of the species, which demonstrates that reproductive senescence is pervasive in mammals. As expected from allometric rules, the onset of reproductive senescence occurs later and the rate of reproductive senescence decreases with increasing body mass and delayed age at first reproduction. Moreover, for a given pace of life, females displaying a high level of multiple mating and/or with induced ovulation senesce earlier than females displaying a low level of multiple mating and/or with spontaneous ovulation. These results suggest that both female mating behavior and reproductive physiology shape the diversity of reproductive senescence patterns across mammals. We propose future avenues of research regarding the role played by environmental conditions or reproductive features (e.g. type of placentation) on the evolution of reproductive senescence.
Published: 2020
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13. Sex differences in adult lifespan and aging rates of mortality across wild mammals

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Fernando Colchero, Alexander Scheuerlein, Dominique Allainé, Vérane Berger, András Liker, Dalia Amor Conde, Morgane Tidière, Tamás Székely, Michael Garratt, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Aurélie Cohas, Victor Ronget, Gabriel A. B. Marais, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Senescence, Male, Aging, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Longevity, Biology, Demographic data, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Animals, Life history, General, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, Mammals, 0303 health sciences, Sex Characteristics, Multidisciplinary, Comparative analysis, Biological Sciences, Biological Evolution, Sexual selection, Mammal, Female, Demography
Abstract: In human populations, women consistently outlive men, which suggests profound biological foundations for sex differences in survival. Quantifying whether such sex differences are also pervasive in wild mammals is a crucial challenge in both evolutionary biology and biogerontology. Here, we compile demographic data from 134 mammal populations, encompassing 101 species, to show that the female's median lifespan is on average 18.6% longer than that of conspecific males, whereas in humans the female advantage is on average 7.8%. On the contrary, we do not find any consistent sex differences in aging rates. In addition, sex differences in median adult lifespan and aging rates are both highly variable across species. Our analyses suggest that the magnitude of sex differences in mammalian mortality patterns is likely shaped by local environmental conditions in interaction with the sex-specific costs of sexual selection.
Published: 2020
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14. Population position along the fast–slow life‐history continuum predicts intraspecific variation in actuarial senescence

Author: Hugo Cayuela, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Eric Bonnaire, Julian Pichenot, Jean-François Lemaître, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des populations, University of Zurich, Salguero‐Gómez, Roberto, and Cayuela, Hugo
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Amphibian, Senescence, life history, demography, senescence, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Bombina variegata, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, slow, Intraspecific competition, Life history theory, Birds, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, biology.animal, Animals, Life history, education, Life History Traits, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mammals, education.field_of_study, Actuarial science, biology, Continuum (measurement), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Bayes Theorem, biology.organism_classification, Variation (linguistics), 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 570 Life sciences, 590 Animals (Zoology), Animal Science and Zoology, amphibian, fast life history gradient, Anura, 1103 Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract: Patterns of actuarial senescence can be highly variable among species. Previous comparative analyses revealed that both age at the onset of senescence and rates of senescence are linked to position of a species along the fast–slow life‐history continuum. As there are few long‐term datasets of wild populations with known‐age individuals, intraspecific (i.e. between‐population) variation in senescence is understudied and limited to comparisons of wild and captive populations of the same species, mostly birds and mammals. In this paper, we examined how population position along the fast–slow life‐history continuum affects intraspecific variation in senescence in an amphibian, Bombina variegata. We used capture–recapture data collected in four populations with contrasting life‐history strategies. Senescence trajectories were analysed using Bayesian capture–recapture models. We show that in populations with fast life histories the onset of actuarial senescence was earlier and individuals aged at a faster rate than individuals in populations with slow life histories. Our study provides one of the few empirical examples of among‐population variation in actuarial senescence patterns in the wild and confirms that the fast–slow life‐history gradient is associated with both macroevolutionary and microevolutionary patterns of actuarial senescence.
Published: 2020
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15. Reproductive senescence and parental effects in an indeterminate grower

Author: Tiffany Laverre, Jérôme Moreau, Sophie Beltran-Bech, Charlotte Depeux, Hélène Pauhlac, Jean-François Lemaître, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Ecologie et évolution des populations, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Avian clutch size, Senescence, clutch size, Offspring, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Paternal Age, Armadillidium vulgare, 03 medical and health sciences, Reproductive senescence, Animals, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, Reproductive success, Reproduction, aging, indeterminate growth, Indeterminate growth, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, ageing, Female, Genetic Fitness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Isopoda, Maternal Age, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Reproductive senescence is the decrease of reproductive performance with in- creasing age and can potentially include trans-generational effects as the offspring produced by old parents might have a lower fitness than those produced by young parents. This negative effect may be caused either by the age of the father, mother or the interaction between the ages of both parents. Using the common woodlouse Armadillidium vulgare, an indeterminate grower, as a biological model, we tested for the existence of a deleterious effect of parental age on fitness components. Contrary to previous findings reported from vertebrate studies, old parents produced both a higher number and larger offspring than young parents. However, their offspring had lower fitness components (by surviving less, producing a smaller number of clutches or not reproducing at all) than offspring born to young parents. Our findings strongly support the existence of trans-generational senescence in woodlice and contradict the belief that old individuals in indeterminate growers contribute the most to re- cruitment and correspond thereby to the key life stage for population dynamics. Our work also provides rare evidence that the trans-generational effect of senescence can be stronger than direct reproductive senescence in indeterminate growers.
Published: 2020
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16. The hidden ageing costs of sperm competition

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Steven A. Ramm, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, Aging, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), Sexual Behavior, Animal, Reproductive senescence, Animals, Sperm competition, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Phenotypic plasticity, Ecology, Reproduction, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biological Evolution, Spermatozoa, Sperm, Ageing, Evolutionary biology, Sexual selection, Costs and Cost Analysis, Female, Evolutionary ecology
Abstract: Ageing and sexual selection are intimately linked. There is by now compelling evidence from studies performed across diverse organisms that males allocating resources to mating competition incur substantial physiological costs, ultimately increasing ageing. However, although insightful, we argue here that to date these studies cover only part of the relationship linking sexual selection and ageing. Crucially, allocation to traits important in post-copulatory sexual selection, that is sperm competition, has been largely ignored. As we demonstrate, such allocation could potentially explain much diversity in male and female ageing patterns observed both within and among species. We first review how allocation to sperm competition traits such as sperm and seminal fluid production depends on the quality of resources available to males and can be associated with a wide range of deleterious effects affecting both somatic tissues and the germline, and thus modulate ageing in both survival and reproductive terms. We further hypothesise that common biological features such as plasticity, prudent sperm allocation and seasonality of ejaculate traits might have evolved as counter-adaptations to limit the ageing costs of sperm competition. Finally, we discuss the implications of these emerging ageing costs of sperm competition for current research on the evolutionary ecology of ageing. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Published: 2020
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17. Sex gap in aging and longevity: can sex chromosomes play a role?

Author: Damien Sanlaville, Gabriel A. B. Marais, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Cristina Vieira, François Gueyffier, Ingrid Plotton, Jean-François Lemaître, Sexe et évolution, Département PEGASE [LBBE] (PEGASE), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Eléments transposables, évolution, populations, Département génétique, interactions et évolution des génomes [LBBE] (GINSENG), Equipe de recherche européenne en algorithmique et biologie formelle et expérimentale (ERABLE), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Evaluation et modélisation des effets thérapeutiques, and Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Aging, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Longevity, Turner, lcsh:Medicine, Review, Biology, lcsh:Physiology, Gender Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Sexual dimorphism, Endocrinology, Animals, Humans, Sex hormones, Human specific, media_common, Klinefelter, Sex Characteristics, lcsh:QP1-981, Mother’s curse, lcsh:R, Sex chromosomes, Human physiology, 030104 developmental biology, Sexual selection, Life expectancy, Transposable elements, Demography, Sex characteristics
Abstract: International audience; It is well known that women live longer than men. This gap is observed in most human populations and can even reach 10-15 years. In addition, most of the known super centenarians (i.e., humans who lived for > 110 years) are women. The differences in life expectancy between men and women are often attributed to cultural differences in common thinking. However, sex hormones seem to influence differences in the prevalence of diseases, in the magnitude of aging, and in the longevity between men and women. Moreover, far from being human specific, the sex gap in longevity is extremely common in non-human animals, especially in mammals. Biological factors clearly contribute to such a sex gap in aging and longevity. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain why males and females age and die differently. The cost of sexual selection and sexual dimorphism has long been considered the best explanation for the observed sex gap in aging/longevity. However, the way mitochondria are transmitted (i.e., through females in most species) could have an effect, called the mother's curse. Recent data suggest that sex chromosomes may also contribute to the sex gap in aging/longevity through several potential mechanisms, including the unguarded X/Z, the toxic Y/W and the loss of Y/W. We discuss future research directions to test these ideas.
Published: 2018
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18. The ‘Evo-Demo’ Implications of Condition-Dependent Mortality

Author: Michael Garratt, Jean-François Lemaître, Victor Ronget, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Senescence, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Longevity, Population Dynamics, Population, Disease, Biology, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, medicine, Animals, Population growth, Mortality, education, Condition dependent, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Starvation, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Biological Evolution, 010601 ecology, Body Composition, medicine.symptom, Body condition, Demography
Abstract: Animals in the wild die from a variety of different mortality sources, including predation, disease, and starvation. Different mortality sources selectively remove individuals with different body condition in different ways, and this variation in the condition dependence of mortality has evolutionary and demographic implications. Subsequent population dynamics are influenced by the strength of condition-dependent mortality during specific periods, with population growth impacted in different ways in short- versus long-lived species. The evolution of lifespan is strongly influenced by condition-dependent mortality, with strikingly different outcomes expected in senescence rates when the relationship between condition and mortality is altered. A coupling of field and laboratory studies is now required to further reveal the evolutionary implications of condition-dependent mortality.
Published: 2017
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19. Evolutionary allometry reveals a shift in selection pressure on male horn size

Author: Morgane Tidière, Jean-François Lemaître, Christophe Pélabon, Olivier Gimenez, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie et évolution des populations
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Context (language use), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, Animals, Body Size, Selection, Genetic, 10. No inequality, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Selection (genetic algorithm), Horns, Sex Characteristics, Horn (anatomy), Biological Evolution, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Sexual selection, Trait, Cattle, Female, Allometry, Sex characteristics
Abstract: How selection pressures acting within species interact with developmental constraints to shape macro-evolutionary patterns of species divergence is still poorly understood. In particular, whether or not sexual selection affects evolutionary allometry, the increase in trait size with body size across species, of secondary sexual characters, remains largely unknown. In this context, bovid horn size is an especially relevant trait to study because horns are present in both sexes, but the intensity of sexual selection acting on them is expected to vary both among species and between sexes. Using a unique data set of sex-specific horn size and body mass including 91 species of bovids, we compared the evolutionary allometry between horn size and body mass between sexes while accounting for both the intensity of sexual selection and phylogenetic relationship among species. We found a nonlinear evolutionary allometry where the allometric slope decreased with increasing species body mass. This pattern, much more pronounced in males than in females, suggests either that horn size is limited by some constraints in the largest bovids or is no longer the direct target of sexual selection in very large species.
Published: 2017
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20. An aging phenotype in the wild

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Mammals, 0106 biological sciences, Genetics, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Phenotype, 03 medical and health sciences, Text mining, Helminths, Animals, Parasites, business, Cellular Senescence, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Deterioration of the immune system with age increases winter mortality in Soay sheep
Published: 2019
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21. Slow life-history strategies are associated with negligible actuarial senescence in western Palaearctic salamanders

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Claude Miaud, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Claudio Angelini, Olivier Peyronel, Aziz Avcı, Hugo Cayuela, Kurtuluş Olgun, Nazan Üzüm, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jardín Botánico Nacional Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso, Syndicat des Gorges de l'Ardèche, Saint-Remèze, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des populations, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Biodémographie évolutive, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), University of Zurich, and Cayuela, Hugo
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, life history, senescence, 01 natural sciences, 2300 General Environmental Science, 2400 General Immunology and Microbiology, Negligible senescence, Life History Traits, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, 0303 health sciences, Reproduction, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], General Medicine, Subject Category: Ecology Subject Areas: ecology, Indeterminate growth, actuarial senescence, Ectotherm, 590 Animals (Zoology), evolution Keywords: ageing, Lernaean Hydra, ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Amphibian, Senescence, Longevity, Urodela, 1100 General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Life history theory, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, salamanders, 1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, biology.animal, Animals, Regeneration (ecology), 030304 developmental biology, Actuarial science, General Immunology and Microbiology, Interspecific competition, urodeles, salamander, Ageing, ageing, 570 Life sciences, biology, Salamander, amphibian, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Actuarial senescence (hereafter “senescence”) has been viewed for a long time as an inevitable and uniform process. However, the work on senescence has mainly focused on endotherms (especially mammals) with deterministic growth and low regeneration capacity at adult stages, leading to a strong taxonomic bias in the study of aging. Recent studies have highlighted that senescence could indeed display highly variable trajectory shape that correlates with species life history traits. Slow life histories and indeterminate growth seem to be associated with weak and late senescence. Furthermore, a few studies have suggested that high regenerative abilities could make senescence negligible in several ectotherms (e.g., hydra and salamanders). However, demographic data for species that would allow testing of these hypotheses are scarce and fragmented. Here, we investigated senescence patterns in a group of salamanders (i.e. “true salamanders”) from the Western Palearctic using capture-recapture data and Bayesian modeling. Our results showed that salamanders have slow life histories and that they experience negligible senescence. This pattern was consistent at both intra- and interspecific levels, suggesting that the absence of senescence may be a phylogenetically conserved trait. The regenerative capacities of true salamanders, and urodeles in general, likely explains why these small ectotherms have lifespans similar to that of large endotherms (e.g., ungulates, large birds) and undergo negligible senescence contrary to most amniotes including humans. Our study seriously challenges the idea that senescence is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the living world.
Published: 2019
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22. Does body growth impair immune function in a large herbivore?

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Hélène Verheyden, Jeffrey Carbillet, François Débias, Maryline Pellerin, Sylvia Pardonnet, Frédéric Douhard, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Benjamin Rey, Aiden J Mark Hewison, Louise Cheynel, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), ONCFS : 2011/18/6171 et ONCFS : 2015/19/6171, ANR-15-CE32-0002,AGEX,Vieillissement sexe-spécifique en milieu naturel(2015), ANR-11-LABX-0048,ECOFECT,Dynamiques eco-évolutives des maladies infectieuses(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), Ecotoxicologie & Santé des écosystèmes - ECSECO (ECI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-15-CE32-0002-01 / ONCFS 2011/18/6171 2015/19/6171 / LABEX ECOFECT of Universite de Lyon within the program 'Investissementsd'Avenir' ANR-11-LABX-0048 ANR-11-IDEX-0007, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP)
Subjects: Adult, 0106 biological sciences, animal diseases, Population, Zoology, Trade-off, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Capreolus, Immune system, Immunity, biology.animal, Animals, Herbivory, education, Life history, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Roe deer, Herbivore, education.field_of_study, Reproductive success, Deer, Reproduction, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, Body mass, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, bacteria, Female, Eco-immunology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; According to the principle of allocation, trade-offs are inevitable when resources allocated to one biological function are no longer available for other functions. Growth, and to a lesser extent, immunity are energetically costly functions that may compete with allocation to reproductive success and survival. However, whether high allocation to growth impairs immune system development during the growing period or immune system performance during adulthood is currently unknown in wild mammals. Using three roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) populations experiencing contrasting environmental conditions, we tested for potential costs of growth on immune phenotype over both the short-term (during growth), and the long-term (during adulthood) over the course of an individuals' life. We investigated potential costs on a set of 12 immune traits that reflect both innate and adaptive responses, and compared them between sexes and populations. Although fast growth tended to be associated with low levels of some humoral traits (globulins) during the growing period and some cellular immune traits (i.e. eosinophil and neutrophil counts) during adulthood, evidence for a trade-off between growth and other immune components was limited. Unexpectedly, no detectable growth costs on immunity were found in females from the population experiencing the least favourable environment. We discuss our findings in the light of the complex interplay between resource allocation strategies among reproduction, maintenance and immunity, in relation to local environmental conditions experienced by roe deer.
Published: 2019
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23. Maternal reproductive senescence shapes the fitness consequences of the parental age difference in ruffed lemurs

Author: Adamantia Deligiannopoulou, Aurélie Siberchicot, Morgane Tidière, Mylisa Whipple, Jean-François Lemaître, Guillaume Douay, Xavier Thevenot, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Ecoépidémiologie évolutionniste, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zoo de Lyon, Université de Lyon, and Biodémographie évolutive
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Aging, Evolution, Lemur, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Reproductive senescence, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, biology.animal, Animals, Primate, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Age differences, Reproduction, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Lemuridae, Age Factors, Maternal effect, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, 030104 developmental biology, Ageing, Female, Genetic Fitness, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], Demography, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: In humans, pronounced age differences between parents have deleterious fitness consequences. In particular, the number of children is lower when mothers are much older than fathers. However, previous analyses failed to disentangle the influence of differential parental age per se from a direct age effect of each parent. In this study, we analyse the fitness consequences of both parental age and parental age differences on litter size and offspring survival in two closely related species of lemurs living in captivity. As captive lemurs do not choose their reproductive partner, we were able to measure litter size and offspring survival across breeding pairs showing a wide range of parental age differences. However, we demonstrated that the effect of the parental age difference on litter size was fully accounted for by female reproductive senescence because females mating with much younger males were old females. On the other hand, both parental age difference and female reproductive senescence influenced offspring survival. Our results emphasize the importance of teasing apart the effect of parental reproductive senescence when investigating the health and fitness consequences of parental age differences and also provide new insights for conservation programmes of endangered species.
Published: 2018
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24. The diversity of population responses to environmental change

Author: Susan C. Alberts, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Colin O'Donnell, Chris J. Reading, David Miller, Aurelio F. Malo, Jean-François Lemaître, David J. Hodgson, Geoffrey M. While, Thomas Flatt, Becky E. Raboy, Sam M. Larson, Kristel M. De Vleeschouwer, Tim Coulson, Richard J. Delahay, John Frisenvænge, Eduardo Fernandez-Duque, Peter H. Becker, Anne M. Bronikowski, Martin Hesselsøe, Fernando Colchero, Annette Baudisch, Felix Zajitschek, Stefan Dummermuth, Sandra Bouwhuis, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Craig Packer, Henri Weimerskirch, Owen R. Jones, Dalia Amor Conde, Erik Wapstra, Jennifer McDonald, Interdisciplinary Center on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), University of Leeds, Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological [Australia], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies [Zurich, Switzerland], University of Zurich, Department of Zoology [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Departments of Biology and Evolutionary Anthropology [Duke Univ., USA], Duke University, Institut of Avian Research An der Vogelwarte [Germany], Institute of Avian Research, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University (ISU), Centre for Research and Conservation [Belgium], Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, National Wildlife Management Centre [UK], Info Fauna Karch 2000, Department of Anthropology [New Haven, USA], Yale University [New Haven], Amphi Consult [Denmark], Department of Anthropology [University of Pennsylvania], University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Falmouth, United Kingdom, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management [USA], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of Conservation [Christchurch, New Zealand], Te Papa Atawhai, College of Biological Sciences [USA], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [University of Toronto] (EEB), University of Toronto, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Oxfordhire, UK], CEH Wallingford, School of Biological Sciences [Australia], University of Tasmania (UTAS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science [Denmark], Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Zoology, Auburn University (AU), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), University of Oxford, University of Pennsylvania, University of Exeter, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, Letter, Environmental change, Age-structured population models, Climate Change, fecundity, Population, Population Dynamics, Bayesian inference, Climate change, Biology, Extinction, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, survival, Ecology and Environment, Birds, Population growth, Animals, Letters, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Demography, education.field_of_study, Stochastic Processes, Extinction, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Variance (accounting), Biodiversity, Fecundity, Age‐structured population models, mortality, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Female, Diversity (business)
Abstract: The current extinction and climate change crises pressure us to predict population dynamics with ever‐greater accuracy. Although predictions rest on the well‐advanced theory of age‐structured populations, two key issues remain poorly explored. Specifically, how the age‐dependency in demographic rates and the year‐to‐year interactions between survival and fecundity affect stochastic population growth rates. We use inference, simulations and mathematical derivations to explore how environmental perturbations determine population growth rates for populations with different age‐specific demographic rates and when ages are reduced to stages. We find that stage‐ vs. age‐based models can produce markedly divergent stochastic population growth rates. The differences are most pronounced when there are survival‐fecundity‐trade‐offs, which reduce the variance in the population growth rate. Finally, the expected value and variance of the stochastic growth rates of populations with different age‐specific demographic rates can diverge to the extent that, while some populations may thrive, others will inevitably go extinct.
Published: 2018
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25. The influence of early‐life allocation to antlers on male performance during adulthood: Evidence from contrasted populations of a large herbivore

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Cécile Vanpé, Louise Cheynel, Benjamin Rey, Sylvia Pardonnet, A. J. Mark Hewison, Gilles Bourgoin, Hubert Ferté, Frédéric Douhard, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Maryline Pellerin, François Débias, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des populations, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Transmission Vectorielle et Épidémiosurveillance de Maladies Parasitaires - EA 4688 (VECPAR), SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR-11-LABX-0048,ECOFECT,Dynamiques eco-évolutives des maladies infectieuses(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), ANR-15-CE32-0002,AGEX,Vieillissement sexe-spécifique en milieu naturel(2015), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire du Mont-Blanc, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, life history, animal structures, senescence, media_common.quotation_subject, Longevity, Population, Antlers, capreolus capreolus, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), 03 medical and health sciences, Capreolus, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Animals, roe deer, Mating, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, education.field_of_study, Herbivore, biology, Deer, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], biology.organism_classification, Antler, Roe deer, secondary sexual traits, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, ageing, Sexual selection, Animal Science and Zoology, France, Energy Metabolism, Switzerland, Demography
Abstract: International audience; To secure mating opportunities, males often develop and maintain conspicuous traits that are involved in intrasexual and/or intersexual competition. While current models of sexual selection rely on the assumption that producing such traits is costly, quantifying the cost of allocating to secondary sexual traits remains challenging. According to the principle of allocation, high energy allocation to growth or sexual traits in males should lead to reduced energy allocation to the maintenance of cellular and physiological functions, potentially causing them to age faster, with impaired survival. We evaluated the short-term and delayed consequences of energy allocation to antlers early in life in two contrasted populations of roe deer, Capreolus capreolus. Although most males mate successfully for the first time in their fourth year, antlers are grown annually from the first year of life onwards. We tested the prediction that a high level of allocation to antler growth during the first two years of life should lead to lower body mass, antler size and survival during the early and late prime stages, as well as to reduced longevity overall. Growing and carrying long antlers during the first years of life was not associated with any detectable cost in the late prime stage. The positive association between antler growth in early life and adult body mass instead supports that fawn antler acts as an honest signal of phenotypic quality in roe deer. For a given body mass, yearling males growing longer antlers displayed impaired performance during their late prime. We also found a trend for a short-term survival cost of allocation to relative antler length during the second year of life. Yearling males that grow long antlers relative to their mass might display a fast life-history tactic. We argue that differential allocation to secondary sexual traits generates a diversity of individual trajectories that should impact population dynamics.
Published: 2018
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26. Early and Adult Social Environments Shape Sex-Specific Actuarial Senescence Patterns in a Cooperative Breeder

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Aurélie Cohas, Vérane Berger, Dominique Allainé, Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Biodémographie évolutive
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Senescence, Male, life history, Aging, senescence, Longevity, mammal, Marmot, dominance, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, monogamy, Animals, Life history, Cooperative Behavior, Social Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sociality, Life Cycle Stages, Actuarial science, biology, Alpine marmot, Reproduction, Social environment, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics, biology.organism_classification, Sex specific, Life stage, Early life, 030104 developmental biology, Social Dominance, Marmota, ta1181, Female
Abstract: International audience; Online enhancements: appendixes. Dryad data: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3cm38jd. abstract: Sociality modulates life-history traits through changes in resource allocation to fitness-related traits. However, how social factors at different stages of the life cycle modulate senescence remains poorly understood. To address this question, we assessed the influence of social environment in both early life and adulthood on actuarial senescence in the Alpine marmot, a cooperative breeder. The influence of helpers on actuarial senescence strongly differed depending on when help was provided and on the sex of the dominant. Being helped when adult slowed down senescence in both sexes. However, the effect of the presence of helpers during the year of birth of a dominant was sex specific. Among dominants helped during adulthood, females born in the presence of helpers senesced slower, whereas males senesced faster. Among domi-nants without helpers during adulthood, females with helpers at birth senesced faster. Social environment modulates senescence but acts differently between sexes and life stages.
Published: 2018

27. High Juvenile Mortality Is Associated with Sex-Specific Adult Survival and Lifespan in Wild Roe Deer

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Claude Warnant, Michael Garratt, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Mathieu Douhard, Robert C. Brooks, Christophe Bonenfant, Gilles Capron, François Klein, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, Aging, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, Longevity, Environment, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Competition (biology), 03 medical and health sciences, Capreolus, biology.animal, Animals, Juvenile, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, Sex Characteristics, 0303 health sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), Ecology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Deer, Reproduction, biology.organism_classification, Roe deer, Phenotype, Cohort, Linear Models, Female, France, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Demography, Sex characteristics
Abstract: International audience; Male mammals typically have shorter lifespans than females [1]. Sex differences in survival may result, in part, from sex-specific optima in investment in reproduction, with higher male mortality rates from sexual competition selecting for a "live-fast die-young'' strategy in this sex [2]. In the wild, lifespan is also influenced by environmental conditions experienced early in life. Poor conditions elevate juvenile mortality, which may selectively remove individuals with a particular phenotype or genotype from a cohort [3], and can alter the subsequent phenotypic condition and fate of those that survive to adulthood [4]. Males and females can respond differently to the same early-life environmental experiences [5, 6], but whether such environmental pressures generate sex differences in lifespan has rarely been considered. We show that sex differences in adult survival and lifespan in cohorts of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) range from virtually absent in some years to females living 30% longer than males in others. The extent of this sex difference in adult longevity is strongly linked to the level of mortality each cohort experiences as juveniles, with high juvenile mortality generating a strong sex difference in both adult survival and lifespan. In females, high juvenile mortality leads to increased adult survival for those remaining individuals, whereas in males survival is actually reduced. Early environmental conditions and the selective pressures they impose may help to explain variability in sex-specific aging across animal taxa.
Published: 2015
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28. How do animals optimize the size–number trade‐off when aging? Insights from reproductive senescence patterns in marmots

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Vérane Berger, and Aurélie Cohas
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Hibernation, Senescence, Litter (animal), Aging, 0303 health sciences, Litter Size, biology, Reproductive success, Ecology, Offspring, Marmot, Trade-off, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Reproductive senescence, Marmota, Animals, Body Size, Female, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: We investigated the influence of female age on five reproductive traits and on the offspring size-number trade-off from an extensive data set spanning 20 years of study on free-ranging Alpine marmots. Offspring mass increased with female age, whereas litter size and reproductive allocation remained constant in females up to 10 years of age and declined thereafter. Although reproductive allocation declined, post-weaning juvenile survival and the size-number trade-off did not change markedly throughout a female's lifetime. Senescence of annual reproductive success (i.e., the number of offspring surviving their first hibernation within a given litter) only resulted from senescence of litter size. The data were insufficient to determine whether the decrease in litter size with age was caused by declining litter size at birth, offspring pre-weaning survival, or both. Regardless, our findings demonstrate that marmot females display a size-number trade-off invariant with age, and that their reproductive tactic involves increasing offspring size at the cost of decreasing litter size with increasing age. As a result, reproductive performance remains constant throughout a female's lifetime, despite the deleterious effects of senescence in litter size.
Published: 2015
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29. Age-dependent associations between telomere length and environmental conditions in roe deer

Author: Rachael V, Wilbourn, Hannah, Froy, Marie-Christina, McManus, Louise, Cheynel, Jean-Michel, Gaillard, Emmanuelle, Gilot-Fromont, Corinne, Regis, Benjamin, Rey, Maryline, Pellerin, Jean-François, Lemaître, and Daniel H, Nussey
Subjects: Physiology, Deer, wild mammal, Environment, Telomere, body mass, condition, Birds, Cross-Sectional Studies, Animals, biomarker, leucocyte, Research Article
Abstract: Telomere length (TL) represents a promising biomarker of overall physiological state and of past environmental experiences, which could help us understand the drivers of life-history variation in natural populations. A growing number of studies in birds suggest that environmental stress or poor environmental conditions are associated with shortened TL, but studies of such relationships in wild mammals are lacking. Here, we compare leucocyte TL from cross-sectional samples collected from two French populations of roe deer which experience different environmental conditions. We found that, as predicted, TL was shorter in the population experiencing poor environmental conditions but that this difference was only significant in older individuals and was independent of sex and body mass. Unexpectedly, the difference was underpinned by a significant increase in TL with age in the population experiencing good environmental conditions, while there was no detectable relationship with age in poor conditions. These results demonstrate both the environmental sensitivity and complexity of telomere dynamics in natural mammal populations, and highlight the importance of longitudinal data to disentangle the within- and among-individual processes that generate them.
Published: 2017

30. The Williams' legacy: A critical reappraisal of his nine predictions about the evolution of senescence

Author: Jean-Michel, Gaillard and Jean-François, Lemaître
Subjects: Longevity, Animals, Humans, Selection, Genetic, Biological Evolution, Models, Biological, Cellular Senescence
Abstract: Williams' evolutionary theory of senescence based on antagonistic pleiotropy has become a landmark in evolutionary biology, and more recently in biogerontology and evolutionary medicine. In his original article, Williams launched a set of nine "testable deductions" from his theory. Although some of these predictions have been repeatedly discussed, most have been overlooked and no systematic evaluation of the whole set of Williams' original predictions has been performed. For the sixtieth anniversary of the publication of the Williams' article, we provide an updated evaluation of all these predictions. We present the pros and cons of each prediction based on recent accumulation of both theoretical and empirical studies performed in the laboratory and in the wild. From our viewpoint, six predictions are mostly supported by our current knowledge at least under some conditions (although Williams' theory cannot thoroughly explain why for some of them). Three predictions, all involving the timing of senescence, are not supported. Our critical review of Williams' predictions highlights the importance of William's contribution and clearly demonstrates that, 60 years after its publication, his article does not show any sign of senescence.
Published: 2017

31. Causes and consequences of variation in offspring body mass: meta-analyses in birds and mammals

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Christophe Lega, Tim Coulson, François Gueyffier, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Victor Ronget, Michael Garratt, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Zoology [Oxford], University of Oxford, Evaluation et modélisation des effets thérapeutiques, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Ecologie et évolution des populations, and University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, maternal allocation, Offspring, early survival, Zoology, Biology, Body size, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Predation, Birds, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Juvenile, Animals, Birth Weight, Mammals, maternal size, Individual heterogeneity, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Vertebrate, individual heterogeneity, Animals, Newborn, Evolutionary biology, body size, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Early survival is highly variable and strongly influences observed population growth rates in most vertebrate populations. One of the major potential drivers of survival variation among juveniles is body mass. Heavy juveniles are better fed and have greater body reserves, and are thus assumed to survive better than light individuals. In spite of this, some studies have failed to detect an influence of body mass on offspring survival, questioning whether offspring body mass does indeed consistently influence juvenile survival, or whether this occurs in particular species/environments. Furthermore, the causes for variation in offspring mass are poorly understood, although maternal mass has often been reported to play a crucial role. To understand why offspring differ in body mass, and how this influences juvenile survival, we performed phylogenetically corrected meta-analyses of both the relationship between offspring body mass and offspring survival in birds and mammals and the relationship between maternal mass and offspring mass in mammals. We found strong support for an overall positive effect of offspring body mass on survival, with a more pronounced influence in mammals than in birds. An increase of one standard deviation of body mass increased the odds of offspring survival by 71% in mammals and by 44% in birds. A cost of being too fat in birds in terms of flight performance might explain why body mass is a less reliable predictor of offspring survival in birds. We then looked for moderators explaining the among-study differences reported in the intensity of this relationship. Surprisingly, sex did not influence the intensity of the offspring mass-survival relationship and phylogeny only accounted for a small proportion of observed variation in the intensity of that relationship. Among the potential factors that might affect the relationship between mass and survival in juveniles, only environmental conditions was influential in mammals. Offspring survival was most strongly influenced by body mass in captive populations and wild populations in the absence of predation. We also found support for the expected positive effect of maternal mass on offspring mass in mammals (r pearson = 0.387). As body mass is a strong predictor of early survival, we expected heavier mothers to allocate more to their offspring, leading them to be heavier and so to have a higher survival. However, none of the potential factors we tested for variation in the maternal mass-offspring mass relationship had a detectable influence. Further studies should focus on linking these two relationships to determine whether a strong effect of offspring size on early survival is associated with a high correlation coefficient between maternal mass and offspring mass.
Published: 2017
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32. Comparative analyses of longevity and senescence reveal variable survival benefits of living in zoos across mammals

Author: Vérane Berger, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Olivier Gimenez, Jean-François Lemaître, Marcus Clauss, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Dennis W. H. Müller, Morgane Tidière, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Zurich, and Tidière, Morgane
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Senescence, 10253 Department of Small Animals, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], animal diseases, media_common.quotation_subject, Longevity, Zoology, Captivity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Intraspecific competition, Predation, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Animals, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Mammals, 1000 Multidisciplinary, Multidisciplinary, Extinction, 630 Agriculture, Ecology, 030104 developmental biology, 570 Life sciences, biology, Animals, Zoo, Female, Mammal, Reproduction
Abstract: While it is commonly believed that animals live longer in zoos than in the wild, this assumption has rarely been tested. We compared four survival metrics (longevity, baseline mortality, onset of senescence and rate of senescence) between both sexes of free-ranging and zoo populations of more than 50 mammal species. We found that mammals from zoo populations generally lived longer than their wild counterparts (84% of species). The effect was most notable in species with a faster pace of life (i.e. a short life span, high reproductive rate and high mortality in the wild) because zoos evidently offer protection against a number of relevant conditions like predation, intraspecific competition and diseases. Species with a slower pace of life (i.e. a long life span, low reproduction rate and low mortality in the wild) benefit less from captivity in terms of longevity; in such species, there is probably less potential for a reduction in mortality. These findings provide a first general explanation about the different magnitude of zoo environment benefits among mammalian species, and thereby highlight the effort that is needed to improve captive conditions for slow-living species that are particularly susceptible to extinction in the wild.
Published: 2016
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33. Reproductive senescence: new perspectives in the wild

Author: Jean-François, Lemaître and Jean-Michel, Gaillard
Subjects: Aging, Fertility, Animals, Humans, Animals, Wild, Models, Biological
Abstract: According to recent empirical studies, reproductive senescence, the decline in reproductive success with increasing age, seems to be nearly ubiquitous in the wild. However, a clear understanding of the evolutionary causes and consequences of reproductive senescence is still lacking and requires new and integrative approaches. After identifying the sequential and complex nature of female reproductive senescence, we show that the relative contributions of physiological decline and alterations in the efficiency of parental care to reproductive senescence remain unknown and need to be assessed in the light of current evolutionary theories of ageing. We demonstrate that, although reproductive senescence is generally studied only from the female viewpoint, age-specific female reproductive success strongly depends on male-female interactions. Thus, a reduction in male fertilization efficiency with increasing age has detrimental consequences for female fitness. Lastly, we call for investigations of the role of environmental conditions on reproductive senescence, which could provide salient insights into the underlying sex-specific mechanisms of reproductive success. We suggest that embracing such directions should allow building new bridges between reproductive senescence and the study of sperm competition, parental care, mate choice and environmental conditions.
Published: 2016

34. Does sexual selection shape sex differences in longevity and senescence patterns across vertebrates? A review and new insights from captive ruminants

Author: Morgane, Tidière, Jean-Michel, Gaillard, Dennis W H, Müller, Laurie Bingaman, Lackey, Olivier, Gimenez, Marcus, Clauss, and Jean-François, Lemaître
Subjects: Mammals, Aging, Sex Characteristics, Longevity, Animals, Animals, Zoo, Ruminants, Mating Preference, Animal
Abstract: In most mammals, both sexes display different survival patterns, often involving faster senescence in males. Being under intense sexual competition to secure mating opportunities, males of polygynous species allocate resources to costly behaviors and conspicuous sexual traits, which might explain these observed differences in longevity and senescence patterns. However, comparative studies performed to date have led to conflicting results. We aimed to resolve this problem by first reviewing case studies of the relationship between the strength of sexual selection and age-specific survival metrics. Then, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis to test whether such relationships exist among species of captive ruminants. We found that the strength of sexual selection negatively influenced the onset of actuarial senescence in males, with males senescing earlier in polygynous than in monogamous species, which led to reduced male longevity in polygynous species. Moreover, males of territorial species senesced earlier but slower, and have a shorter longevity than males of species displaying other mating tactics. We detected little influence of the strength of sexual selection on the rate of actuarial senescence. Our findings demonstrate that the onset of actuarial senescence, rather than its rate, is a side effect of physiological mechanisms linked to sexual selection, and potentially accounts for observed differences in longevity.
Published: 2015

35. Early-late life trade-offs and the evolution of ageing in the wild

Author: Marlène Gamelon, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Jean-François Lemaître, Vérane Berger, Mathieu Douhard, Christophe Bonenfant, Floriane Plard, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Senescence, Male, Aging, Reproduction (economics), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, Evolution of ageing, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Life history theory, Birds, Pleiotropy, Animals, Empirical evidence, Review Articles, General Environmental Science, Mammals, Sex Characteristics, General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, Reproduction, Trade offs, Reptiles, General Medicine, Biological Evolution, Ageing, Female, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Empirical evidence for declines in fitness components (survival and reproductive performance) with age has recently accumulated in wild populations, highlighting that the process of senescence is nearly ubiquitous in the living world. Senescence patterns are highly variable among species and current evolutionary theories of ageing propose that such variation can be accounted for by differences in allocation to growth and reproduction during early life. Here, we compiled 26 studies of free-ranging vertebrate populations that explicitly tested for a trade-off between performance in early and late life. Our review brings overall support for the presence of early-late life trade-offs, suggesting that the limitation of available resources leads individuals to trade somatic maintenance later in life for high allocation to reproduction early in life. We discuss our results in the light of two closely related theories of ageing-the disposable soma and the antagonistic pleiotropy theories-and propose that the principle of energy allocation roots the ageing process in the evolution of life-history strategies. Finally, we outline research topics that should be investigated in future studies, including the importance of natal environmental conditions in the study of trade-offs between early-and late-life performance and the evolution of sex-differences in ageing patterns.
Published: 2015
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36. Early and adult social environments have independent effects on individual fitness in a social vertebrate

Author: Vérane Berger, Dominique Allainé, Aurélie Cohas, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Jean-François Lemaître, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, Litter Size, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Longevity, Population, Genetic Fitness, Biology, Social Environment, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Cooperative breeding, Animals, education, Research Articles, Sociality, 030304 developmental biology, General Environmental Science, media_common, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, General Immunology and Microbiology, Reproductive success, Ecology, Social environment, General Medicine, Dominance (ethology), Marmota, Female, France, Seasons, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Demography
Abstract: Evidence that the social environment at critical stages of life-history shapes individual trajectories is accumulating. Previous studies have identified either current or delayed effects of social environments on fitness components, but no study has yet analysed fitness consequences of social environments at different life stages simultaneously. To fill the gap, we use an extensive dataset collected during a 24-year intensive monitoring of a population of Alpine marmots ( Marmota marmota ), a long-lived social rodent. We test whether the number of helpers in early life and over the dominance tenure length has an impact on litter size at weaning, juvenile survival, longevity and lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of dominant females. Dominant females, who were born into a group containing many helpers and experiencing a high number of accumulated helpers over dominance tenure length showed an increased LRS through an increased longevity. We provide evidence that in a wild vertebrate, both early and adult social environments influence individual fitness, acting additionally and independently. These findings demonstrate that helpers have both short- and long-term effects on dominant female Alpine marmots and that the social environment at the time of birth can play a key role in shaping individual fitness in social vertebrates.
Published: 2015
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37. Haematological parameters do senesce in the wild: evidence from different populations of a long-lived mammal

Author: Maël Jégo, Claude Warnant, Jean-François Lemaître, Gilles Bourgoin, Gilles Capron, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, François Klein, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNERA Cervidés Sanglier (ONCFS), and Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage
Subjects: Senescence, Male, Aging, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Zoology, Context (language use), Animals, Wild, Environment, Models, Biological, Capreolus, Sex Factors, biology.animal, Animals, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Herbivore, education.field_of_study, biology, Geography, Ecology, Deer, Age Factors, biology.organism_classification, Roe deer, Hematocrit, Ageing, Creatinine, Female, France, Reproduction
Abstract: Remerciements ECOFECT; International audience; Increasing evidence of senescence has been reported from long-term studies of wild populations. However, most studies have focused on life-history traits like survival, reproduction or body mass, generally from a single intensively monitored population. However, variation in the intensity of senescence across populations, and to a lesser extent between sexes, is still poorly understood. In addition, the pattern of age-specific changes in haematological parameters remains virtually unknown to date for any population of vertebrate living in the wild. Using repeated blood samples collected from known-aged (2-15 years of age) roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from two populations facing highly different environmental conditions, we filled the gap. In particular, we investigated age-specific changes in haematocrit, albumin and creatinine. We reported clear evidence of senescence in all haematological parameters. Moreover, senescence patterns differed between sexes and populations. The rate of senescence was higher in males than in females for haematocrit with no site difference. On the other hand, the rate of senescence in creatinine was higher at Trois Fontaines than at Chizé with no sex difference. Our findings provide a first demonstration of age-specific declines in haematological parameters in wild populations of large herbivores and show that the process of senescence in vertebrates is not restricted to body mass or fitness components. We also demonstrate that the senescence pattern of haematological parameters is context dependent and varies both between sexes and according to environmental conditions.
Published: 2014
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38. Early life expenditure in sexual competition is associated with increased reproductive senescence in male red deer

Author: Jean-François, Lemaître, Jean-Michel, Gaillard, Josephine M, Pemberton, Tim H, Clutton-Brock, and Daniel H, Nussey
Subjects: Male, Aging, Sex Characteristics, Behavior, Animal, Deer, Reproduction, Sexual Behavior, Animals, Social Behavior, Research Articles
Abstract: The evolutionary theories of senescence predict that investment in reproduction in early life should come at the cost of reduced somatic maintenance, and thus earlier or more rapid senescence. There is now growing support for such trade-offs in wild vertebrates, but these exclusively come from females. Here, we test this prediction in male red deer (Cervus elaphus) using detailed longitudinal data collected over a 40-year field study. We show that males which had larger harems and thereby allocated more resources to reproduction during early adulthood experienced higher rates of senescence in both harem size and rut duration. Males that carried antlers with more points during early life did not show more pronounced declines in reproductive traits in later life. Overall, we demonstrate that sexual competition shapes male reproductive senescence in wild red deer populations and provide rare empirical support for the disposable soma theory of ageing in males of polygynous vertebrate species.
Published: 2014

39. Reduced microsatellite heterozygosity does not affect natal dispersal in three contrasting roe deer populations

Author: Lucie Debeffe, Erwan Quéméré, Jean-François Lemaître, Britany Amblard, Joël Merlet, Bruno Cargnelutti, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Maxime Galan, François Klein, A. J. Mark Hewison, Gilles Capron, Cécile Vanpé, Claude Warnant, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), ANR-12-PDOC-0017,PATCH,Plasticité comportementale et AdapTation du CHevreuil aux modifications du paysage(2012), ANR-12-BSV7-0023,INDHET,HETEROGENEITE INDIVIDUELLE DE LA DISPERSION ET DYNAMIQUE DES METAPOPULATIONS(2012), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Heterozygote, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population Dynamics, Affect (psychology), Competition (biology), Genetic diversity, Loss of heterozygosity, Capreolus, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Animals, Dispersal distance, Dispersal propensity, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, biology, Ecology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Deer, biology.organism_classification, Roe deer, Body mass, Biological dispersal, Microsatellite, Capreolus capreolus, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: Although theoretical studies have predicted a link between individual multilocus heterozygosity and dispersal, few empirical studies have investigated the effect of individual heterozygosity on dispersal propensity or distance. We investigated this link using measures of heterozygosity at 12 putatively neutral microsatellite markers and natal dispersal behaviour in three contrasting populations of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), a species displaying pre-saturation condition-dependent natal dispersal. We found no effect of individual heterozygosity on either dispersal propensity or dispersal distance. Average heterozygosity was similar across the three studied populations, but dispersal propensity and distance differed markedly among them. In Aurignac, dispersal propensity and distance were positively related to individual body mass, whereas there was no detectable effect of body mass on dispersal behaviour in Chiz, and Trois Fontaines. We suggest that we should expect both dispersal propensity and distance to be greater when heterozygosity is lower only in those species where dispersal behaviour is driven by density-dependent competition for resources.
Published: 2014
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40. Do pre- and post-copulatory sexually selected traits covary in large herbivores?

Author: Mariona Ferrandiz-Rovira, Jean-François Lemaître, Aurélie Cohas, Sophie Lardy, Bernat C. López, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Secondary sexual traits, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Weapon length, Biology, Post-copulatory competition, Competition (biology), Sexual Behavior, Animal, Copulation, Testis, Animals, Mating, Sperm competition, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Horns, media_common, Pre-copulatory competition, Reproductive success, Reproduction, Ruminants, Sperm, Sexual selection, Trait, Female, Research Article
Abstract: Background In most species, males compete to gain both matings (via pre-copulatory competition) and fertilizations (via post-copulatory competition) to maximize their reproductive success. However, the quantity of resources devoted to sexual traits is finite, and so males are predicted to balance their investment between pre- and post-copulatory expenditure depending on the expected pay-offs that should vary according to mating tactics. In Artiodactyla species, males can invest in weapons such as horns or antlers to increase their mating gains or in testes mass/sperm dimensions to increase their fertilization efficiency. Moreover, it has been suggested that in these species, males with territory defence mating tactic might preferentially increase their investment in post-copulatory traits to increase their fertilization efficiency whereas males with female defence mating tactic might increase their investment in pre-copulatory sexually selected traits to prevent other males from copulating with females. In this study, we thus test the prediction that male’s weapon length (pre-copulatory trait) covaries negatively with relative testes size and/or sperm dimensions (post-copulatory traits) across Artiodactyla using a phylogenetically controlled framework. Results Surprisingly no association between weapon length and testes mass is found but a negative association between weapon length and sperm length is evidenced. In addition, neither pre- nor post-copulatory traits were found to be affected by male mating tactics. Conclusions We propose several hypotheses that could explain why male ungulates may not balance their reproductive investment between pre- and post-copulatory traits.
Published: 2014
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41. The allometry between secondary sexual traits and body size is nonlinear among cervids

Author: Floriane Plard, Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Cécile Vanpé, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, animal structures, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Antlers, Body size, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Animals, Body Size, Mating, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Sex Characteristics, Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, Deer, Limiting, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Antler, Phenotype, Sexual selection, Allometry, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Energy Intake, Large size
Abstract: International audience; Allometric relationships between sexually selected traits and body size have been extensively studied in recent decades. While sexually selected traits generally display positive allometry, a few recent reports have suggested that allometric relationships are not always linear. In male cervids, having both long antlers and large size provides benefits in terms of increased mating success. However, such attributes are costly to grow and maintain, and these costs might constrain antler length from increasing at the same rate as body mass in larger species if the quantity of energy that males can extract from their environment is limiting. We tested for possible nonlinearity in the relationship between antler size and body mass (on a log-log scale) among 31 cervids and found clear deviation from linearity in the allometry of antler length. Antler length increased linearly until a male body mass threshold at approximately 110 kg. Beyond this threshold, antler length did not change with increasing mass. We discuss this evidence of nonlinear allometry in the light of life-history theory and stress the importance of testing for nonlinearity when studying allometric relationships.
Published: 2014
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42. Males do not senesce faster in large herbivores with highly seasonal rut

Author: Olivier Gimenez, Marcus Clauss, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Jean-François Lemaître, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Dennis W. H. Müller, Morgane Tidière, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Zurich, and Tidière, Morgane
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, Aging, 10253 Department of Small Animals, 1303 Biochemistry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Captivity, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 1307 Cell Biology, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Endocrinology, Seasonal breeder, Phylogeny, media_common, 0303 health sciences, 630 Agriculture, Ecology, Reproduction, Ruminants, Biological Evolution, 1310 Endocrinology, Sexual selection, Seasons, Senescence, Mating season, media_common.quotation_subject, Longevity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Competition (biology), 03 medical and health sciences, 1302 Aging, Species Specificity, 1311 Genetics, Genetics, 1312 Molecular Biology, Animals, Herbivory, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Herbivore, Body Weight, Cell Biology, Diet, 570 Life sciences, biology, Energy allocation
Abstract: Patterns of actuarial senescence vary among long-lived species. A proposed explanation of the evolution of species-specific senescence patterns is that increased levels of energy allocation to intra-male competition decrease the amount of energy available for somatic maintenance, leading to earlier or faster actuarial senescence. Previous studies did not provide support for such relationships, but did not focus on the intensity of allocation likely to shape inter-specific variation in actuarial senescence in males. Here, by analyzing data from 56 species of captive large herbivores, we tested whether actuarial senescence is more pronounced in species displaying a well-defined ‘rut’ period than in species with year-round reproduction. Using an original quantitative metric of the annual duration of reproductive activity, we demonstrated that the length of the mating season has no detectable effect on actuarial senescence. On the other hand, both diet and body mass are important factors shaping actuarial senescence patterns in male captive herbivores.
Published: 2014

43. Female promiscuity and maternally dependent offspring growth rates in mammals

Author: Michael, Garratt, Robert C, Brooks, Jean-François, Lemaître, and Jean-Michel, Gaillard
Subjects: Conflict, Psychological, Male, Mammals, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Pregnancy, Placenta, Testis, Animals, Lactation, Female, Weaning, Maternal Behavior
Abstract: Conflicts between family members are expected to influence the duration and intensity of parental care. In mammals, the majority of this care occurs as resource transfer from mothers to offspring during gestation and lactation. Mating systems can have a strong influence on the severity of familial conflict--where female promiscuity is prevalent, conflict is expected to be higher between family members, causing offspring to demand more resources. If offspring are capable of manipulating their mothers and receive resources in proportion to their demands, resource transfer should increase with elevated promiscuity. We tested this prediction, unexplored across mammals, using a comparative approach. The total durations of gestation and lactation were not related to testes mass, a reliable proxy of female promiscuity across taxa. Offspring growth during gestation, however, and weaning mass, were positively correlated with testes mass, suggesting that offspring gain resources from their mothers at faster rates when familial conflict is greater. During gestation, the relationship between offspring growth and testes mass was also related to placenta morphology, with a stronger relationship between testes mass and growth observed in species with a less invasive placenta. Familial conflict could have a pervasive influence on patterns of parental care in mammals.
Published: 2013

44. Diversification of the eutherian placenta is associated with changes in the pace of life

Author: Robert C. Brooks, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Jean-François Lemaître, Michael Garratt, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Senescence, Aging, Time Factors, Offspring, Placenta, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Pregnancy, medicine, Animals, Cellular Senescence, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Mammals, 0303 health sciences, Fetus, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Reproduction, Body Weight, Placentation, Biological Sciences, medicine.disease, Biological Evolution, medicine.anatomical_structure, Evolutionary biology, Gestation, Pregnancy, Animal, Female, Cell aging
Abstract: Few mammalian organs vary as dramatically among species as the placenta. This variation is remarkable considering that the placenta’s primary function—transfer of nutrients and waste between mother and offspring—does not differ among species. Evolutionary changes in placental morphology remain poorly understood, with suggestions that parent–offspring conflict or evolutionary changes in life history might drive placental evolution. Here we demonstrate that life history differences among eutherian mammals are associated with major transitions in maternofetal interdigitation and placental invasiveness. We show that the repeated evolution of villous interdigitation is associated with reduced offspring production early in life and an increased lifespan. Further changes in placental morphology that reestablish a larger surface area are also associated with a change back to greater offspring production. After controlling for these differences in interdigitation, we also show that the least invasive placental type is associated with a fast pace of life. We predict that selection for a faster pace of life intensifies parent–offspring conflict, and that the repeated evolution of less-invasive placental structures might have allowed mothers to wrest back control of gestation from the fetus and alter their relative allocation to offspring production across life.
Published: 2013
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45. Polyandry Has No Detectable Mortality Cost in Female Mammals

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Sexual Reproduction, Male, Aging, Sexual Selection, Anatomy and Physiology, Evolutionary Processes, media_common.quotation_subject, Sexual Behavior, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, Reproductive cycle, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Ecology, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Reproductive biology, Animals, Mortality, lcsh:Science, Pace of life, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, Animal Management, Mammals, 0303 health sciences, Evolutionary Biology, Multidisciplinary, Animal Behavior, Mortality rate, Reproduction, lcsh:R, Reproductive System, Mammalogy, lcsh:Q, Veterinary Science, Female, Physiological Processes, Research Article
Abstract: In several taxonomic groups, females mate with several males during a single reproductive cycle. Although there is evidence that polyandry provides some benefits to females, it often involves mortality costs. However, empirical evidences of mortality costs of polyandry have so far been reported only in invertebrates. Whether polyandry has mortality costs in vertebrates is currently unknown. In the present study, we aimed to fill the gap by investigating the relationships between the level of polyandry (measured either by male relative testes mass or the percentage of multiple paternities) and female patterns of mortality across mammals. While we found that the two metrics of female mortality co-varied with pace of life, we did not find any evidence that polyandry leads to either decreased median lifespan or increased aging rate in mammals. We discuss such an absence of detectable mortality costs of polyandry in female mammals in light of recent advances in the study of mammalian reproductive biology and life-history tactics.
Published: 2013
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46. Comparing free-ranging and captive populations reveals intra-specific variation in aging rates in large herbivores

Author: Jean-Michel Gaillard, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Marcus Clauss, Jean-François Lemaître, Dennis W. H. Müller, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Zurich
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, Aging, 10253 Department of Small Animals, 1303 Biochemistry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Niche, Zoology, Captivity, Animals, Wild, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Life history theory, 1307 Cell Biology, 1302 Aging, Endocrinology, Sex Factors, 1311 Genetics, Species Specificity, Ruminant, Grazing, 1312 Molecular Biology, Genetics, Animals, Herbivory, Least-Squares Analysis, Molecular Biology, Phylogeny, Herbivore, Models, Statistical, 630 Agriculture, biology, business.industry, Ecology, Cell Biology, Ruminants, biology.organism_classification, 1310 Endocrinology, Diet, 010601 ecology, Variation (linguistics), 570 Life sciences, Livestock, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Zoo, Female, business, Locomotion
Abstract: Although evidence that survival decreases with age in animal species is compelling, the existence of variation in aging rates across different populations of a given species is still questioned. Here, we compared aging rates of 22 pairs of ruminant species living in captive and free-ranging conditions. Based on the recent suggestion that feeding niche is a key factor influencing aging in captivity, we also investigated whether a species' natural diet influences the aging rates of captive ruminants relative to their wild conspecifics. We found that aging rate in a given species was higher under free-ranging conditions than in captivity, which provides the first evidence of consistent aging rate variation within species. Additionally, our study clearly demonstrates that differences in aging rates between captive and free-ranging ruminants increased as species were more specialized on grass diets.
Published: 2013
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47. Senescence in natural populations of animals: Widespread evidence and its implications for bio-gerontology

Author: Jean-François Lemaître, Hannah Froy, Daniel H. Nussey, Steven N. Austad, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, Fallacy, Senescence, Aging, Ecology (disciplines), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Animals, Wild, Environment, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Article, Natural (archaeology), 03 medical and health sciences, Pleiotropy, Animals, Animal species, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Sex Characteristics, 0303 health sciences, Generality, Biological Evolution, Neurology, Geriatrics, Longitudinal field, Female, Natural History, Biotechnology
Abstract: That senescence is rarely, if ever, observed in natural populations is an oft-quoted fallacy within bio-gerontology. We identify the roots of this fallacy in the otherwise seminal works of Medawar and Comfort, and explain that under antagonistic pleiotropy or disposable soma explanations for the evolution of senescence there is no reason why senescence cannot evolve to be manifest within the life expectancies of wild organisms. The recent emergence of long-term field studies presents irrefutable evidence that senescence is commonly detected in nature. We found such evidence in 175 different animal species from 340 separate studies. Although the bulk of this evidence comes from birds and mammals, we also found evidence for senescence in other vertebrates and insects. We describe how high-quality longitudinal field data allow us to test evolutionary explanations for differences in senescence between the sexes and among traits and individuals. Recent studies indicate that genes, prior environment and investment in growth and reproduction influence aging rates in the wild. We argue that - with the fallacy that wild animals do not senesce finally dead and buried - collaborations between bio-gerontologists and field biologists can begin to test the ecological generality of purportedly 'public' mechanisms regulating aging in laboratory models.
Published: 2013
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48. Social cues of sperm competition influence accessory reproductive gland size in a promiscuous mammal

Author: Paula Stockley, Steven A. Ramm, Jean-François Lemaître, Jane L. Hurst, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], seminal, phenotypic plasticity, 01 natural sciences, Testis, Mating, Sperm motility, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, reproductive and urinary physiology, Research Articles, General Environmental Science, media_common, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Sperm Count, Arvicolinae, Seminal Vesicles, General Medicine, Organ Size, Spermatozoa, Sexual selection, Sperm Motility, copulatory plug, Female, Cues, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Competitive Behavior, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Competition (biology), Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, sexual selection, Animals, bank vole, Mating plug, education, Spermatogenesis, Sperm competition, vesicle, 030304 developmental biology, Phenotypic plasticity, General Immunology and Microbiology, urogenital system, ejaculate production, Mating Preference, Animal, Odorants
Abstract: Theory predicts that males should increase overall investment in ejaculate expenditure with increasing levels of sperm competition. Since ejaculate production is costly, we may expect males to tailor their reproductive investment according to anticipated levels of sperm competition. Here, we investigate plasticity in ejaculate investment in response to cues of population average levels of sperm competition in a promiscuous mammal, the bank vole ( Myodes glareolus ). We manipulated the social experience of experimental subjects during sexual development via differential exposure to the odour of rival males, to simulate conditions associated with relatively high or low average levels of sperm competition. Males exposed to a high level of competition developed larger major accessory reproductive glands (seminal vesicles) than those that experienced a low level of competition, suggesting that an increased investment in the production of copulatory plugs and/or mating rate may be beneficial at relatively high sperm competition levels. However, investment in sperm production, testis size and sperm motility were not altered according to social experience. Our findings emphasize the importance of non-sperm components of the ejaculate in mammalian postcopulatory sexual selection, and add to the growing evidence linking plasticity in reproductive traits to social cues of sperm competition.
Published: 2010
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49. Sperm competition and brain size evolution in mammals

Author: Robert A. Barton, Paula Stockley, Steven A. Ramm, Jean-François Lemaître, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et évolution des populations, University of Liverpool, and Durham University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], testis size, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, sperm competition, Testis mass, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Testis, mating system, Animals, Sperm competition, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Mammals, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Brain Mass, Brain, Biological evolution, Organ Size, Mating Preference, Animal, Mating system, Biological Evolution, Spermatozoa, brain size, Evolutionary biology, Negative relationship, Brain size
Abstract: International audience; The ‘expensive tissue hypothesis’ predicts a size trade‐off between the brain and other energetically costly organs. A specific version of this hypothesis, the ‘expensive sexual tissue hypothesis’, argues that selection for larger testes under sperm competition constrains brain size evolution. We show here that there is no general evolutionary trade‐off between brain and testis mass in mammals. The predicted negative relationship between these traits is not found for rodents, ungulates, primates, carnivores, or across combined mammalian orders, and neither does total brain mass vary according to the level of sperm competition as determined by mating system classifications. Although we are able to confirm previous reports of a negative relationship between brain and testis mass in echolocating bats, our results suggest that mating system may be a better predictor of brain size in this group. We conclude that the expensive sexual tissue hypothesis accounts for little or none of the variance in brain size in mammals, and suggest that a broader framework is required to understand the costs of brain size evolution and how these are met
Published: 2010
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