Search

Currently, there is no doubt surrounding a theory that the cardiotropic effects of sex hormones can be due to their direct effect on the cardiovascular system. In recent years, interest in the study of steroid glycosides has increased. We studied the effects of furostanol glycosides (protodioscin and deltozid) from the cell culture of the Dioscorea deltoidea (laboratory code DM-05) on the physiological and biochemical parameters of vascular endothelial function in hypoestrogen-induced endothelial dysfunction after bilateral ovariectomy. It was shown that the use of DM-05 at a dose of 1 mg/kg makes it possible to prevent the development of arterial hypertension (the level of systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreases by 9.7% (p < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 8.2%), to achieve a decrease in the coefficient of endothelial dysfunction by 1.75 times against the background of a hypoestrogenic state. With DM-05, an increase in the concentration of stable nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) by 45.6% (p < 0.05) and an increase in mRNA endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression by 34.8% (p < 0.05) was established, which indicates a positive effect of furostanol glycosides on the metabolism of nitric oxide after ovariectomy. Positive dynamics in the histological structure of the heart and the abdominal aorta indicate the pronounced endothelio- and atheroprotective effects of DM-05.

Experiments on laboratory animals with nitric oxide deficiency modeled by the introduction of L-NAME (NO-synthase inhibitor) revealed the endothelio- and cardioprotective effects of clarithromycin, josamycin, roxithromycin, midecamycin and azythromycin. The administration of these macrolides leads to a decrease in the resulting area of the diagram of functional indices of the state of vessels and myocardium, which is approaching the corresponding area for intact animals.

In experiments on frogs, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs and simians the synchronization of cardiac and vagal rhythms was achieved during stimulation of vagus nerve. The relative bounds of the synchronization ranges were not dependent on the species of animal or level of sympathetic activity. In this connection, the whole variety of the cardiochronotropic reactions in vertebrates may be described with a general mathematical equation: B = A (0.769-0.098 log2N), where A is a current heart rate, B--the heart rate during the vagus nerve stimulation with bursts of N supramaximal pulses.

A device for measuring the blood flow volume velocity based on the principle of blood drops count per an unit of time was developed. The device is simple to manufacture, has an appropriate precision, a wide scale of measurements and can continuously record the blood flow dynamics during an experiment.

The osteoprotective effect of resveratrol and a combination of resveratrol with enalapril has been investigated in white Wistar female rats with experimental osteoporosis. It is established that, in rats after ovariectomy, the endothelial dysfunction of microcirculation vessels of the osteal tissue is developed, resulting in the occurrence of osteoporosis. Resveratrol and the combination of resveratrol with enalapril prevented depression of the microcirculation level in the osteal tissue, thus preventing the thinning of osteal trabecules and preventing their microfractures.

Lithium oxybutyrate was shown to exert pronounced coronarolytic effects, to increase volume velocity of the coronary blood flow, to improve blood supply to ischemic myocardial areas thereby providing oxygen reserve. Lithium oxybutyrate improves the functional state of the ischemic focus, limits zone of experimental myocardial necroses, exerts an antifibrillatory action, increases pain sensitivity threshold. A high efficacy of the drug was established during clinical study in patients with cardiac rhythm disorders.

In laboratory animals with endothelial dysfunction (nitric oxide deficiency) modeled by the introduction of NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME, the activation of endothelioprotective effects of enalapril, lozartan, amlodipine, indapamide and nebivolol is revealed for their introduction in combination with L-arginine. This result was confirmed by the behavior of a generalizing parameter, the coefficient of endothelial dysfunction (CED) calculated using the results of tests on endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation.

The cardioprotective and endothelioprotective effects of the macrolide antibiotics roxithromycin, azythromycin, and midecamycin have been studied on laboratory animals with models of the coronaro-occlusional myocardial infarction and endothelial dysfunction. The drugs led to a dose-dependent decrease in lethality, reduced the zone of necrosis of the left ventricle after coronary occlusion, and produced a positive effect on the functioning of endothelium.