1. ERK signaling dissolves ERF repression condensates in living embryos
- Author
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Michael Levine, Nicholas Treen, Weaver Cj, Aleena L. Patel, and Stanislav Y. Shvartsman
- Subjects
MAPK/ERK pathway ,Cell signaling ,Multidisciplinary ,Nucleolus ,Chemistry ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Cell cycle ,Cell biology ,Repressor Proteins ,Animals ,Humans ,Ciona ,Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ,Nuclear export signal ,Psychological repression ,Transcription factor ,Biogenesis ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Phase separation underlies the organization of the nucleus, including the biogenesis of nucleoli and the packaging of heterochromatin. Here we explore the regulation of transcription factor condensates involved in gene repression by ERK signaling in gastrulating embryos of a simple proto-vertebrate (Ciona). ERK signaling induces nuclear export of the transcriptional repressor ERF, which has been linked to various human developmental disorders. Using high resolution imaging we show that ERF is localized within discrete nuclear condensates that dissolve upon ERK activation. Interestingly, we observe dynamic pulses of assembly and dissociation during the cell cycle, providing the first visualization of a nuclear phase separation process that is regulated by cell signaling. We discuss the implications of these observations for producing sharp on/off switches in gene activity and suppressing noise in cell-cell signaling events.
- Published
- 2022