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Bee bread (BB) is a bee product like propolis and honey. It is the main food for larvae and bees producing royal jelly in the hive. It also known as Perga. As with other bee products, it is increasingly popular due to its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of BB on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and the effects on these cells when administered together with Doxorubicin (DOX) and Cisplatin (CDDP), used in cancer treatment. The proliferation of the cells was determined by applying 5 mg/mL BB together with different concentrations of DOX and CDDP. In addition to these studies, the effect of DOX+BB and CDDP+BB combinations on the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells was determined by the wound healing method. The expression levels of Bid and Bcl-2 were determined by RtqPCR. According to these studies, as expected, BB did not show a significant toxic effect on MDA-MB-231 cells at different concentrations. BB significantly suppressed the effect of DOX and CDDP on the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. BB with DOX and CDDP suppressed the proapoptotic Bid gene while overexpressing the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene, separately. Interestingly, BB blocked the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells by 50% even after 72 h. As a result, BB significantly reduced the toxicity of DOX and CDDP on MDA-MB-231 cells. The most interesting result of the study is that BB prevented the migration of cancer cells.

Aims In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of apilarnil on kidney damage in the sepsis model induced by LPS. Main methods 64 Sprague Dawley adult male rats were randomly divided into eight groups; control group, groups in which 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g/kg/bw apilarnil (API) was applied by oral gavage method for 10 days, LPS group in which 30 mg/kg/bw lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered as intraperitoneally, groups in which LPS + 0.2, LPS+ 0.4 and LPS +0,8 API was applied. Six hour after the last administration the rats were anesthetized for euthanasia and kidney tissues were removed for RT-PCR analysis, immunohistochemical analysis and histopathologic analysis. Key finding According to the results of RT-PCR expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB, TNF-α and TLR4 were significantly reduced in the LPS + 0,8 API group. Immunoreactivity of TLR4, pNF-κB and TNF-α levels in the LPS + 0.8 apilarnil group were significantly lower than in the LPS and LPS + 0.2 apilarnil groups. Histologically, compared to the LPS group the glomerular damage score tended to decrease in the LPS + 0,4 API and LPS+ 0,8 API groups, while the tubulointerstitial injury score decreased especially in the LPS + 0,8 API group. Significance In the present study, 0,8 g/kg dose of apilarnil promoted potential renoprotective effects which were achieved, at least in part, by the modulation of important markers of the local immune response in the model of LPS-induced sepsis.

The purpose of this study is to histologically and immunohistochemically determine the changes created by grayanotoxin-III (GTX-III), which is a sodium channel neurotoxin, on heart tissues in different dosages. Rats were randomly divided into 10 groups to determine the acute and chronic effects of GTX-III. While the rats in groups 1 and 6 were control rats, the rats in groups 2-5 (1, 2, 4, and 8 mu g/kg bw GTX-III) received a single dose of intraperitoneal GTX-III, and the rats in groups 7-10 received GTX-III every day for 3 weeks. As a result of the trial, in the heart tissues, histopathological changes were determined by hematoxylin-eosin staining, interleukin-1 (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were determined by the avidin-biotin peroxidase method, and apoptosis was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining method. In the immunohistochemistry sense, while the BNP level in the AGTX-III groups did not vary significantly, an increase in dosage significantly increased the IL-6, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha levels in comparison to the control groups. In their comparison to the control groups, the BNP levels increase and the IL-6 and IL-1 beta levels decreased in the CGTX-III groups. TUNEL analysis revealed that apoptosis increased in both the acute and chronic groups.

Obesity is a major health problem threatening humanity in medical, social and psychological dimensions. In this study, we aimed to determine the histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical effects of bee bread, added to diets of obese rats in different doses, on leptin and ghrelin expression. In the study, 40 female Sprague‒Dawley (200‒250 g) rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups and then assigned to control and obesity groups. The obesity group consisted of four subgroups: high‑fat diet group, 100 and 200 mg/kg/bw groups, and metformin group. Histopathological evaluation revealed structural deterioration and necrotic areas in the epithelium and glands of the obese rats' stomach tissue, while in their serum and gastric tissues, the MDA level was significantly higher than in the other groups. There was a negative correlation between leptin and ghrelin levels. Apoptotic cells increased with obesity, but the application of beebread was similarly effective as metformin administration in reducing this increase (Tab. 5, Fig. 4, Ref. 51). Keywords: bee bread, leptin, ghrelin, stomach, obesity, rat.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of apilarnil on neuronal damage and related mechanisms in a sepsis model in order to demonstrate whether or not apilarnil has neuroprotective effect.In this study, 64 adult male Sprague-Dawley species rats were randomly divided into eight groups. The rats were administered apilarnil and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), xanthine oxidase (XOD) and testican-1 levels were measured in the brain tissue. Proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin 1 beta [IL-1β], interleukin 6 [IL-6]) were measured in brain tissue. Histological examinations were performed on hippocampus and cortex tissues in all groups. Apoptotic cell count was estimated using the Tunel method to observe the apilarnil's effect on apoptosis. Purkinje cells were counted in the hippocampus to measure the protective effect of apilarnil on the hippocampus.Apilarnil reduced the decrease in SOD and CAT levels in the brain developing sepsis. Apilarnil reduced the increase in MDA, XOD, and testican-1 levels in the septic brain. It was observed that the number of degenerated neurons due to sepsis decreased as apilarnil dose increased. Apilarnil reduced the elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) induced by sepsis. Apilarnil prevented sepsis-related apoptosis in the brain.The neuroprotective potential of apilarnil against brain damage in the sepsis model was demonstrated and suggested that it has the potential to contribute to new therapeutic targets against various neurological disorders.

Sepsis caused by infection is one of the most important problems of clinical medicine. This study aimed to determine the effect of Apilarnil (API), a bee product, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced liver injury. In the study, 64 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups; control, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g / kg apilarnil (API) treated groups, LPS (30 mg / kg) group, LPS + 0.2, LPS + 0.4 and LPS + 0.8 g / kg API. At tissues obtained from rats, histopathological evaluation, biochemical analysis by ELISA (Catalase-CAT, malondialdehyde-MDA, superoxide dismutase-SOD, xanthine oxidase-XOD, and testican 1-TCN-1), immunohistochemical evaluation (Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), High Mobility Group Box Protein 1 (HMGB-1), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Inducible nitric oxide (iNOS)), TUNEL analysis to determine the number of apoptotic cells and Comet test as an indicator of DNA damage were performed. Histopathological examination revealed dilated blood vessels, inflammatory cell infiltration, and pyknotic nuclei damaged hepatocytes in the liver tissues of the LPS group. It was found that tissue damage was decreased significantly in LPS + API treatment groups compared to the LPS group. The number of TUNEL positive cells observed in the LPS group in liver samples increased compared to control and API-treated groups only (p < 0.05). The number of TUNEL positive cells showed a statistically significant decrease compared to the LPS group in the groups treated with LPS + API. LPS treatment increased MDA, XOD, and TCN 1 levels and decreased SOD and CAT levels; this effect was reversed in the groups treated with LPS + API. In the LPS group, DNA damage was significantly increased when compared with the LPS + API. LPS treatment increased expression of TLR4, HMGB-1, NF-kappa B, iNOS, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6; in the groups treated with LPS + API reduced this increase. In conclusion, apilarnil administered in rats may be thought to prevent LPS-induced liver damage by inhibiting the TLR4 / HMGB-1 / NF-kappa B signaling pathway.

Four different crayfish diets; control, El, E2 and E3, respectively containing 0, 1, 2 and 4% propolis, were tested to determine the effects of dietary propolis on the number and size of pleopadal egg, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus). The crayfish were kept at 9.6 +/- 5.3 degrees C water temperature and fed three times daily during a six month period The pleopodal egg number (from 7 to 9) produced per gram of the bpdy weight and total pleopodal egg number (from 201 to 263) significantly increased (P < 0.05) with the dietary propolis supplementation. However, an increase in the dietary propolis led to a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the pleopodal egg size (from 3.22 mm to 2.76 mm). MDA level significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the hepatopancreas (from 4.78 to 3.04 nmol/g protein) and ovarium (from 3.52 to 1.98 nmol/g protein) of the crayfish fed with the increased dietary propolis level. On the other hand, an increase in the dietary propolis led to a significant increase (P < 0.05) in SOD activities in hepatopancreas (from 21.8 to 41.1 U/g protein) and ovarium (from 16.8 to 26.8 U/g protein). However, CAT activities significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the hepatopancreas (from 23.8 to 18.9 nmol/g protein) and ovarium (from 21.8 to 17.5 nmol/g protein) of the crayfish fed with the increased dietary propolis level. Similarly, an increase in the dietary propolis caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in GSH-Px activities in the hepatopancreas (from 21.8 to 41.1 U/g protein) and ovarium (from 16.8 to 26.8 U/g protein) with the formation of the pleopodal egg. The dietary propolis improves reproductive efficiency in the crayfish and decreases the oxidative stress under controlled hatchery conditions.

Demirtas, Abdullah/0000-0001-9102-5518 WOS: 000455814700030 PubMed: 30426365 Grayanotoxin (GTX)-III is a Na-channel neurotoxin. Grayanotoxins can be found in the nectar, pollen, and other plant parts of the Rhododendron genus plants from the Ericaceae family. It is widely believed that honey produced from these plants, which are concentrated in the Black Sea region, is traditionally characterized as enhancing sexual performance. It is thought that the effective factor is dose for this compound, which has both beneficial and toxic effects reported. Therefore, it is aimed to evaluate the histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical effects of acute and chronic impact of GTX-III in different doses on testes tissue in this study. For this purpose, 100 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 5 separate groups for acute and chronic research. While dose groups were (control, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, ve 0.8g/kg/bw) for experimental groups, a single dose (i.p.) was administered for acute impact whereas the same doses were administered daily for 3weeks to assess chronic effect. At the end of the experiment, Johnsen testicular biopsy scoring was performed on testicular tissue samples, seminiferous tubule diameters were measured, and apoptotic cells were evaluated by TUNEL method. Testosterone, LH, and FSH levels were measured by ELISA method in serum and tissue specimens. It was found that Johnsen score of acute doses was significantly lower than the control group, and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules decreased significantly in acute and chronic dose-administered groups compared to the control. Hemorrhage, epithelial shedding, irregularity in seminiferous epithelium, and vacuolization were observed in acute and chronic dose-administered groups, and increase in apoptotic cells was determined. Hormone levels varied depending on the dose. In conclusion, it was found that dose-dependent acute and chronic effects of GTX-III are different, and this factor should be taken into account in studies to be carried out due to the adverse effects of high doses. Bozok University Project Coordination Application and Research CenterBozok University [6602c-TF/17-60] This work was supported by Bozok University Project Coordination Application and Research Center (6602c-TF/17-60).

The aim of the study is to evaluate the acute biochemical and histological changes in rat kidneys after treatment with grayanotoxin (GTX) of rhododendron honey (RH). A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into five groups of 12 rats each, one being a control group (group 1) and group 2 was treated with 0.015 mg/kg/bw of GTX standard preparation via intraperitoneal injection. Groups 3, 4, and 5 were given RH at doses of 0.1, 0.5, and 2.5 g/kg/bw, respectively, via oral gavage. Compared to the control group, significant increases were observed in glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels of the GTX-injected groups after 1 h. However, in low dose RH group, such an increase was not observed and had a normal appearance histologically. Therefore, low dose (1 g/kg/bw) of RH produces no acute adverse effects on renal functions of rats.

Contrast agents administered in diagnostic imaging or interventional procedures of clinical radiology may cause contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Preventive measures against CIN involve pharmaceutical pretreatments, such as N-acetylcystein (NAC) or calpain, but alternative medicines can also be helpful. This study aims to assess the prospects of a natural compound, propolis, as a potential nephroprotector against a specific contrast agent, diatrizoate.In vivo experiments were performed on 35 male rats in five groups: control, diatrizoate alone, and pretreatments with propolis, NAC, or calpain one hour before diatrizoate administration. Three days later, blood and renal tissue samples were collected and quantitatively processed for determining induced changes in critical biomarkers malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), as well as serum creatinine and plasma urea.Diatrizoate increased creatinine (113%), urea (400%), and MDA (162%) levels and decreased GSH (-71%), SOD (-69%), GSH-Px (-77%), and CAT (-73%) levels. Evaluating the response of each pretreatment provided sufficient evidence that propolis was as effective as either NAC or calpain, but consistently more prominent in restoring the MDA, GSH, SOD, and GSH-Px levels close to their normal range. This outcome demonstrated the nephroprotective effect of propolis against CIN.Propolis protects renal tissue against toxicity, free radicals, and other adverse effects induced by diatrizoate. This function is most likely exerted through the antioxidant and antitoxic activities of propolis.

Trichlorfon is among the most commonly used products to treat fish parasites in aquaculture. We investigated the effectiveness of propolis in alleviating the toxicity of trichlorfon on haematological and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in carp Cyprinus carpio. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations (11 and 22 mg l(-1)) of trichlorfon, and propolis (10 mg kg(-1) of fish weight) was simultaneously administered. At the end of 14 d administration, blood and tissue (liver, kidney, gill) samples were collected. Haematological changes (red and white blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit level and erythrocyte indices: mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) were determined in the blood samples, while antioxidant parameters (malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities) were evaluated in the liver, kidney and gill samples. Trichlorfon led to negative alterations in the haematological and antioxidant parameters investigated. The administration of propolis alleviated this effect and suggests that fish treated with trichlorfon improve their physiological status when fed a propolis-supplemented diet.

The present study investigated the potential ameliorative effects of propolis against malathion toxicity in the blood and various tissues of carp. The fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of malathion (0.5 and 1 mg/L) for 10 days, and propolis (10 mg/kg of fish weight) was simultaneously administered. Blood and tissue (liver, kidney, and gill) samples were collected at the end of the experiment and analysed to determine the haematological profile (red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit level, and erythrocyte indices: mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration), immune response (white blood cell count, oxidative radical production, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) activity, total plasma protein and total immunoglobulin levels, and the phagocytic activity), and oxidant/antioxidant status (malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities) of the fish. The findings of this study demonstrate that malathion has a negative effect on the haematological parameters, immune response, and antioxidant enzyme activities of the fish. However, the administration of propolis ameliorated the malathion-induced toxic effects. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

In recent years, propolis has been the object of extensive research for its antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumoral activities. This study aims to determine the hepatoprotective efficiency of propolis on experimental endotoxemia in rats. In the current study, fifty adult Sprague Dawley rats (weighing 200-300 g) were randomly divided into five groups of ten rats each. Normal saline solution was administered to the rats in the control group, while in the second group LPS (30 mg/kg), in the third group propolis (250 mg/kg), in the fourth group first propolis and then LPS (30 mg/kg), and in the fifth group, first LPS (30 mg/kg) and then propolis were given. Six hours after the application, biochemical (MDA levels) and histopathological changes as well as global DNA methylation analysis in the liver tissue samples were determined, while in the blood tissue samples Genomic Template Stability (GTS, %) was evaluated using RAPD-PCR profiles. The results demonstrated that the administration of propolis could have a protective effect against changes of both genomic stability values and methylation profiles, and it minimized the increase in MDA and tissue damage caused by LPS. In conclusion, the application of propolis prior to LPS-induced endotoxemia has shown to reduce hepatic damage.

Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a by-product of thermal degradation of glucose and fructose. In this study, the effects of high HMF content of honey on biochemical parameters of rats were investigated. Experiments were conducted with 40 Wistar albino male rats, each weighing 250–350 g and covered a period of 5 weeks. The animals were divided into five groups. The first group was served as control group. HMF was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 200 mg/kg rat b.w. to the animals in group 2. Group 3 was fed with honey that contains 10 mg HMF/kg honey. In group 4 and 5, there were honeys that contain significantly high HMF content due to long storage period (181 mg HMF/kg honey) and heat process (140 mg HMF/kg honey). At the end of the feeding process, biochemical blood parameters of rats were investigated. It was observed that there were no differences among the glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, uric acid, Na, GGT, and ALP parameters of the groups. On the other hand, significant differences were observed among the cholesterol, LDL, BUN, creatinine, Ca, P, Mg, K, Cl, total bilirubin, LDH, CPK, AST, ALT, total protein, and pseudocholinesterase values of the rats. The highest adverse effects were obtained from group HMF, and it was followed by groups SH (stored honey) and HH (heated honey). It can be concluded that high HMF content of honey may affect the human health adversely; thus, HMF in honey must be controlled by beekeepers.

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the anti-allergic activity of propolis in an ovalbumin-induced rat model of allergic rhinitis. Materials and methods This prospective experimental study was conducted at Hakan Cetinsaya Clinical and Experimental Animal Research Center with 30 rats. After sensitization of all rats with 0.3 mg intraperitoneal ovalbumin plus 30 mg aluminum hydroxide for 14 days (first phase), rats were divided to five groups. In the second phase of the study 10 μL of ovalbumin was applied to each nostril for 21 days. Together with second phase, ketotifen (n:6), oral propolis (n:6), intranasal propolis (n:6) and intranasal mometasone furoate (n:6) were given to rats. A control group (n:4)(salin) and sham group (n:2) were planned. Symptoms were assessed on days 19, 22, 25, 30 and 35, resulting in 5 symptom scores: symptom scores 1–5. On day 35, nasal tissue was removed and histological examination was performed. Results When rats that received systemic and intranasal propolis were compared to controls, ciliary loss, inflammation, increase in goblet cells, vascular proliferation, eosinophil count, chondrocytes and allergic rhinitis symptom score were found to be decreased (p Conclusions It was found that propolis had anti-allergic effects on allergic symptom scores and nasal histology.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of propolis in alleviating the toxicity of propetamphos on haematological and biochemical parameters in rats. Twenty-four female Wistar-Albino rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into four equal groups of six rats each. As normal drinking water was given to the control group, propolis (100 mg/kg bw/day), propetamphos (15 mg/kg bw/day), and propolis (100 mg/kg bw/day) with propetamphos (15 mg/kg bw/day) combinations were given to the other three groups by adding to drinking water for 28 days, respectively. The levels of glucose and triglyceride, and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were increased, and total protein was decreased in serum of rats treated with propetamphos. Lymphocyte percentage was increased, while neutrophil percentage and total leukocyte counts were decreased due to propetamphos administration. In conclusion, propetamphos was determined to cause harmful effects in rats, and the administration of propolis to these animals alleviated the harmful effects of propetamphos.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of royal jelly on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats.Adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into eight groups: the control, cisplatin, royal jelly, and royal jelly plus cisplatin groups. Biochemical and histopathological methods were utilized for evaluation of the nephrotoxicity. Blood was collected and analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, uric acid, total bilirubin, and total protein levels. The kidney samples were stored for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities and processed for histopathological examinations.Administration of cisplatin to rats induced a marked renal failure, characterized with a significant increase in serum BUN and uric acid concentrations, and they had higher kidney MDA and lower GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT activities. In the groups that were administered RJ in association with CP, improvement was observed in some oxidative stress parameters and certain other biochemical parameters, pre-treatment with RJ being more effective.The CP-induced changes in histopathologic findings of kidneys were partially reversed by treatment with royal jelly. The results provide further insight into the mechanisms of CP-induced nephrotoxicity and confirm the antioxidant potential of royal jelly.

In this study, 28 Wistar female rats (200-250g) were used and divided into four equal groups. Group I was allocated as the control group. Groups 2-4 were administered 100mg/kg/bw/day bee pollen, 20mg/kg/bw/day propoxur, and 100mg/kg/bw/day bee pollen plus 20mg/kg/bw/day propoxur by gavage for 14 days, respectively. At the end of the 14th day, blood and tissues (the liver, kidney, brain, and heart) were collected from all animals. Oxidative stress markers (MDA, CAT, SOD, GSH-Px) and some other biochemical parameters (total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, BUN, creatinine, uric acid, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, total bilirubin, GGT, LDH, AST, ALT, and ALP) were analyzed. According to the data obtained, propoxur was determined to lead to negative changes in most of the biochemical parameters investigated and the administration of bee pollen was determined to alleviate these effects. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

In this study, 42 female Wistar albino rats, weighing between 200 and 250 g, were used and they were divided into six equal groups. Group 1 was allocated as the control group. Rats included in groups 2 and 3 were administered a water-solubilized extract of bee pollen at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw/day and 100 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. Group4 received 225 mg/kg bw/day carbaryl. Groups 5 and 6 were given a water-solubilized extract of bee pollen at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw/day and 100 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, plus 225 mg/kg bw/day carbaryl. The indicated administrations were continued for 21 days for groups 1-6 by gavage. MDA levels and the activities of CAT, SOD and GSH-Px were analysed in blood and tissues (liver, kidney, brain and heart). At the same time, levels/activities of total protein, albumin, glucose, triglyceride, T-cholesterol, T-bilirubin, BUN, creatinine, uric acid, GGT, LDH, AST, ALT and ALP, magnesium, sodium, potassium and chloride were evaluated in serum samples. In conclusion, carbaryl was determined to cause negative changes in most of the oxidative stress markers and serum biochemical parameters investigated. These effects were observed to alleviate with the administration of bee pollen. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000358579700053 PubMed ID: 25903179 In the present study, changes in erythrocyte rheology in association with mercury toxicity and the role of propolis were analyzed in rats. Forty male Wistar Albino rats that were 4-5 months old were used in the study. The control group was administered normal saline intraperitoneal (ip) injections; the mercury chloride group was administered HgCl2 (4 mg/kg, ip); the propolis group was administered propolis (200 mg/kg, by gavage); and the HgCl2+ propolis group was administered HgCl2 (4 mg/kg, ip)+ propolis (200 mg/kg, by gavage) for 3 days. The following parameters were analyzed: hematological parameters, plasma potassium (K) levels, methemoglobin, 2,3-DPG, erythrocyte deformability, and hemolysis as a percentage. The results revealed that leukocyte count significantly increased, and a significant decline occurred in the platelet count (p

The protective effect of propolis on haematological parameters and antioxidant status were evaluated in the blood and various tissues of carp exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF). The fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of CPF (0.040 and 0.080 mg/L) for 10 days, and propolis (10 mg per kg of fish weight) was simultaneously administered. Samples of the blood and tissue (liver, kidney, and gill) were collected at the end of the experiment and analysed for their oxidant-antioxidant status, including the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. The samples were also measured for changes in the haematological parameters, such as the red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, the haemoglobin concentration (Hb), the haematocrit (Ht) level, and the erythrocyte indices: the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The findings of this study demonstrated that CPF had a negative effect on the haematological parameters and the antioxidant enzyme activities of the fish; this toxic effect was neutralised by the administration of propolis. The present results suggest that propolis can be effective in the protection of CPF-induced toxicity in fish. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In this study, we aimed to investigate whether royal jelly and bee pollen reduce the bone loss due to osteoporosis in oophorectomized rat model.Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley mature rats at six-month-old, weighing 180-260 g were used in the study. The rats were divided into four groups: Sham-operation group, only oophorectomy group, oophorectomy in combination with royal jelly group, and oophorectomy and bee pollen group. The rats were sacrified within 12 weeks following surgery. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis before sacrification. Following sacrification, uterine weights were measured and tissue samples were taken to determine bone calcium and phosphate level with imaging through scanning electron microscope.The uterine weights of the rats were found higher in Sham-operation group than the other groups. The difference among the groups was statistically significant (p=0.001). Total body BMD results were similar in all groups and there was not statistically significant difference (p=0.19). The lumbar spine and proximal femur BMD results were statistically significantly higher in the royal jelly and bee pollen groups, compared to only oophorectomy group (p=0.001). Bone tissue calcium and phosphate levels were higher in royal jelly and bee pollen groups.Royal jelly and bee pollen decrease the bone loss due to osteoporosis in oophorectomized rat model. These results may contribute to the clinical practice.

The aim of this present study is to investigate the mucositis caused by methotrexate (MTX), as well as whether the application of royal jelly (RJ) has a protective effect on oxidative stress. This present study included six groups each consisted of 12 Wistar rats. Distilled water (po: peroral) was given to the 1st group as placebo for 10 days and MTX (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal: ip) on the 7th day. The 2nd group received RJ (50mg/kg, po) for 10 days and normal saline (NS) instead of MTX. RJ (50mg/kg) was given to the 3rd group for 10 days and MTX on the 7th day. The 4th group received RJ (100 mg/kg, po) for 10 days and NS was given intraperitoneally. RJ (100mg/kg) was given to the 5th group for 10 days and a single dose of MTX. Distilled water was given to the 6th (control) group for 10 days and intraperitoneal NS on the 7th day. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were analyzed in blood samples on the 11th day. Morphological and histopathological changes were examined in the intestinal tissue samples. Villus length and mucosal thickness, as well as the villus length/crypt ratio, were significantly decreased with MTX administration, and the semiquantitative histological evaluation (SQHE) score was measured high (p

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of propolis on oxytetracycline (OTC)-induced oxidative stress and immunosuppression in fish. OTC (100 mg per kg(-1) body weight) was orally administered to fish for 14 days. A significant elevation in the level of malondialdehyde, as an index of lipid peroxidation, and reductions in antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and low molecular weight antioxidant (reduced glutathione) levels were observed in the blood, liver, kidney, spleen, and heart tissues of OTC-treated fish. OTC also had a suppressive effect on specific and non-specific immune system parameters, such as leucocyte counts, oxidative radical production (nitrobluetetrazolium activity), total plasma protein and immunoglobulin levels, and phagocytic activity. Pre-treatment, post-treatment, and simultaneous treatment with propolis (50 mg per kg(-1) body weight, orally) attenuated the OTC-induced oxidative stress by significantly decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde in tissues. In addition, propolis significantly increased the level of reduced glutathione and the catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities. Upon the administration of propolis, the suppressed immune system parameters were significantly increased in fish treated with OTC The present results suggest that pretreatment, post-treatment, and simultaneous administration of propolis might alleviate OTC-induced oxidative stress and immunosuppression. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Honeybee products (honey, royal jelly, pollen, and propolis) were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of 40 yeast strains of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, and Trichosporon spp. The broth microdilution method was used to assess the antifungal activity of honeybee products against yeasts. Fluconazole was selected as the antifungal control agent. Using the broth microdilution method, minimal inhibitory concentration ranges with regard to all isolates were 5–80% (vol/vol), 0.06–1 μg/mL, 0.002–0.25 μg/mL, 0.006–0.1 μg/mL, and 0.02–96 μg/mL for honey, royal jelly, pollen, propolis, and fluconazole, respectively. The antifungal activities of each product decreased in the following order: propolis >pollen > royal jelly > > honey. This study demonstrated that honeybee products, particularly propolis and pollen, can help to control some fluconazole-resistant fungal strains.

To evaluate the effect of 4 different levels of propolis supplementation on the hematological and immunological parameters of laying hens, a trial was conducted with 60 White Leghorn layer hens. The experiment was conducted by using a randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates, and 3 hens in each replicate. Treatments included basal diet (control) and basal diet plus 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 g of propolis/kg of diet, respectively. At the end of the 12-wk treatment period, samples of blood were collected to determine hematological and immunological values. The results showed that the addition of propolis at 3 g/kg in the diet resulted in significant increases (P < 0.05) in the serum IgG and IgM levels and significant decreases (P < 0.05) in the peripheral blood T-lymphocyte percentage compared with those of the control and other treatment groups. In addition, the level of 3 g/kg of propolis supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) erythrocyte count (red blood cells) compared with the other treatments. On the other hand, hemoglobin and hematocrit values and total leucocyte (white blood cells) and differential leucocytes counts were not influenced by propolis supplementation. These results indicate that the inclusion of propolis at the level of 3 g/kg of diet may have a positive effect on humoral immunity of laying hens.

Forty-eight male BALB/c mice, weighing 30-35 g, were used in the study, and were divided into groups of 12 each. The four groups established in the study included one control group and three experimental groups. The first group served as the control group, while Groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered 1 g/kg bw/day pine honey, 180 mg/kg bw/day trichlorfon (similar to 1/5LD(50)) and 1 g/kg bw/day pine honey plus 180 mg/kg bw/day trichlorfon, respectively, by the oral route using a catheter for 21 days. At the end of 21 days post-administration, blood and tissue (liver, kidney, brain and heart) samples were collected. Serum levels/activities of total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, BUN, creatine, uric acid, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, total bilirubin, GGT, LDH, AST, ALT and ALP were determined. Furthermore, tissue MDA levels and CAT, SOD and GSH-Px activities were analyzed. According to the data obtained, when administered at the indicated dose and for the indicated time period, trichlorfon was determined to lead to negative alterations in most of the biochemical parameters investigated. The administration of pine honey was determined to alleviate this effect. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the antioxidative effect of royal jelly on cisplatin (CP)-induced spermiotoxicity using quantitative, biochemical, and histopathologic approaches. METHODS CP was administered to rats at a single dose of 7 mg/kg i.p. Royal jelly was administered by gavage daily for 10 days at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. Traits of reproductive organs, such as sperm characteristics, testicular histologic findings, plasma testosterone levels, and testicular tissue oxidative stress status were determined. RESULTS Royal jelly ameliorated the CP-induced reductions in weights of testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles, and prostate along with epididymal sperm concentration and motility. An increase in testes malondialdehyde concentrations (P

Forty eight male Balb/c mice, each weighing 30-35 g, were used in the present study. The animals were divided into four equal groups. The first group served as the control group, and the second group was administered royal jelly at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw by gavage for a period of 7 days. The third group received 200 ppm fluoride, as sodium fluoride, for a period of 7 days, in drinking water. Lastly, the fourth group was given 200 ppm fluoride in drinking water, in association with royal jelly at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw by gavage, for a period of 7 days. At the end of the seventh day, blood samples were collected from all groups into heparinised and dry tubes, and liver samples were taken concurrently. Erythrocyte and liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were evaluated in the blood and tissue samples obtained. Furthermore, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, total protein and albumin levels, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alcaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were evaluated. In conclusion, fluoride was determined to cause adverse effects in mice, and the administration of royal jelly to these animals alleviated the adverse effects of fluoride. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect of royal jelly against paracetamol-induced liver damage. The study was conducted in 90 female Swiss Albino mice, and six groups were established. While the first group was maintained as control, Groups 2-6 were administered 200 mg/kg RJ for I (lay, 200 mg/kg RJ for 7 days, 400 mg/kg PAR for I day, 200 mg/kg RJ plus 400 mg/kg PAR for I day and 200 mg/kg RJ for 7 days and then second 400 mg/kg PAR on the 7th day, orally, respectively. It was shown that PAR significantly increased serum ALT, AST, ALP, liver MDA levels and significantly decreased liver GSH-Px activity, when compared to the control group (Group 1). On the other hand, meaningful changes were observed in the biochemical parameters of the group which was administered long-term RJ (Group 6). The aforementioned parameters which were statistically significant were determined to have drawn closer to values of the control group, and among these, the existing statistical differences for MDA level and GSH-Px activity between the trial group (Group 6) and the control group disappeared (Group 1). Compared to the pathological changes observed in the liver parenchyma, remark cords, sinusoids and hepatocytes in the group which was administered paracetamol alone (Group 4), lesions were determined to be less severe particularly in the group (Group 6) which received royal jelly for 7 days prior to paracetamol. In conclusion, the administration of royal jelly as a hepatoprotective agent for 7 days against paracetamol-induced liver damage was determined to exhibit marked protective effect on liver tissue. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

In the present study, each group comprised six animals, and a total of 30 female. Wistar Albino rats weighing 200-250 g were used. The first group served as the control group. Group 2 received propolis at a concentration of 100mg/kg bw/day in drinking water. Groups 3 and 4 were administered propetamphos at doses of 7.5 and 15.0 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, in drinking water. Group 5 was treated with propetamphos at a dose of 15.0 mg/kg bw/day, in association with 100mg/kg bw/day propolis in drinking water. Treatment was continued for 28 days, and at the end of this period, blood and tissue (liver, kidney and brain) samples were collected. Plasma and tissue MDA levels and erythrocyte and tissue SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities were measured. In conclusion, the administration of propolis was concluded to exhibit antiradical and antioxidant effect, and thereby to result in the alleviation of oxidative stress. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Twenty eight female Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were used in this study and these animals were divided into 4 groups, each comprising 7 rats. The first group served as the control group, and groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered a single dose of 250 mg/kg.bw propolis, a single dose of 125 mg/kg.bw (1/2LD(50)) cypermethrin, and a single dose of 125 mg/kg.bw cypermethrin followed by a single dose of 250 mg/kg.bw propolis 30 min later, per os using a catheter, respectively. Twenty-four hours after propolis administration, blood and tissue (liver, kidney, and brain) samples were collected. Serum glucose, triglyceride, uric acid, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities/levels, plasma and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and erythrocyte and tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined. Compared to group 1, significant increases in plasma and tissue MDA levels and kidney GSH-Px activity, and significant decreases in erythrocyte SOD and CAT, liver SOD and GSH-Px, kidney SOD and brain SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities were determined in group 3. Compared to group 1, a significant increase in glucose and a significant decrease in triglyceride levels were determined in group 3. Values pertaining to group 4 were demonstrated to be closer to those of group 1.

To investigate the anti Pneumocystis effects of propolis on Pneumocystis carinii P. carinii in rat model.Rats were obtained, and the study was taken in to place in Erciyes University Clinical and Experimental Research Center, Kayseri, Turkey, in June 2007. In order to obtain spontaneous pneumonia, rats were remained on immunosuppression therapy with dexamethasone throughout the study. Propolis administered orally at doses of 30, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX, 50/250 mg/kg/day) was used as positive control and untreated animals as negative control in the study. There were 6 animals in each group.Untreated animals showed P. carinii infection level with a mean +/= standard deviation log number of cysts per gram of lung tissue of 4.6 +/= 1.6 at the end of the experiment. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 50/250 mg/kg/day has significantly reduced the log number of cysts per gram to 1.8 +/= 1.6 (p0.001). There was no reduction found in the number of cysts in infected animals treated with 30, 50, and 100 mg of propolis/kg/day, and so the results were not statistically significant (p0.05) compared with the control group.In our rat model of pneumocystosis the efficacy of propolis, this was used in folk medicine since ancient times, found completely ineffective.

DERMATOPHYTOSIS in cattle is usually caused by the fungus Trichophyton species, which infects the keratinised tissues of the skin ([Scott 1988][1], [Rochette and others 2003][2], [Radostits and others 2007][3]). Dermatophytosis is usually enzootic in herds and is more prevalent in animals less than