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A three-dimensional ordered macroporous Co 3 O 4 (OM-Co 3 O 4) supported Ru catalyst was developed for the efficient hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of anisole. It is revealed that small-sized Ru nanoparticles evenly distributed over the surface of OM-Co 3 O 4 with large quantities of oxygen vacancies could strongly capture Ru0 species, thereby resulting in strong Ru-Co 3 O 4 interactions. Compared with commercial Co 3 O 4 supported Ru catalyst, Ru/OM-Co 3 O 4 displays a better catalytic HDO performance, with a high cyclohexane yield of 92.4% at 250 °C and 0.5 MPa hydrogen pressure after 5 h on stream. Such a significant efficiency of Ru/OM-Co 3 O 4 is mainly attributed to both high dispersion of Ru0 species and an enhanced formation of surface defects, as well as the unique macroporous framework of OM-Co 3 O 4 support. [Display omitted] • Ordered macroporous Co 3 O 4 supported Ru catalyst was constructed. • Such Ru-based nanocatalyst was highly active for the hydrodeoxygenation of anisole. • Macroporous Co 3 O 4 facilitated the formation of highly dispersed Ru nanoparticles. • Highly dispersion Ru NPs together with surface defects and macroporous framework contributed to high efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]