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A tunable liquid crystal (LC) polarization rotator that can rotate the polarization axis of linearly-polarized broadband light is achieved by using an asymmetrically-anchored negative LC cell. Interdigitated electrodes are used to apply an in-plane field to control the twist angle. The use of the asymmetrical anchoring in the LC cell enables continuous change of the twist angle by increasing the applied electric field. For uniform transmission, we used an LC that has negative dielectric anisotropy to avoid tilting of LC molecules by the vertical component of the electric field. We theoretically and experimentally confirmed that the fabricated LC cell could continuously change the twist angle and rotate the polarization axis of the linearly-polarized broadband incident light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a vertical alignment liquid crystal cell controlled by double-side in-plane switching with a positive dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal material. In this structure, the pixel electrodes are interdigital electrodes, which are deposited on the bottom and top substrates parallel to each other. In the voltage-off state, the liquid crystal molecules are vertically aligned under the crossed polarizers; hence the cell appears to be dark. When an in-plane field is applied, the liquid crystal molecules tilt down to the left or right along the field direction, which is at 45° with respect to the input polarizer, giving rise to maximum transmission of the incident light. We fabricated the proposed cells, which show higher transmittance and lower driving voltage compared with the conventional vertical alignment configuration with a positive dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal. The improved electro-optical properties are due to the stronger in-plane field compared with the configuration having one-side electrode. In this device, the response time and viewing angle characteristics are almost the same as the conventional structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report control of the haze value in a liquid crystal (LC) cell driven by a fringe electric field. When a fringe field is applied to a vertically aligned (VA) cell, a large spatial phase difference with a short grating period is induced in the LC layer. The average grating period of a VA cell driven by a fringe field is a quarter of the pitch of the interdigitated electrodes, which is half of the grating period of a VA cell driven by an in-plane field. Moreover, a sharper spatial phase profile is built around the edges of the interdigitated electrodes, which led to a high haze of 84.3% in the translucent state. The device was haze-free in the transparent state owing to the use of an LC layer without a polymer structure. To increase the haze value of the LC device while retaining a short response time, we developed an LC cell with crossed interdigitated electrodes where a large spatial phase difference is induced with little dependence on the azimuth angle. By applying a fringe electric field to a 20 μm thick LC cell using crossed interdigitated electrodes, we demonstrated a very high haze of 95.4% and a response time of less than 5 ms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a simple method for reducing the response time of homogeneously aligned liquid crystal (LC) cells by using two-dimensional confinement of the LCs. We have shown that the switching speed can be increased by serval fold in in-plane switching and fringe-field switching cells by introducing interdigitated electrodes parallel to the LC alignment direction. We also report an interdigitated pixel electrode structure with alternating tilts for a much wider viewing angle by aligning the LCs without a pretilt. In addition to a short response time and wide viewing angle, this device allows a much larger deviation of the LC alignment direction which is essential for mass production. Moreover, LCs with negative dielectric anisotropy can be used to minimize the transmittance decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a reflective dual-mode liquid crystal display (RD-LCD) that can be operated in memory mode or dynamic mode according to the image contents. The proposed RD-LCD needs three states to represent dark and bright states, while a general reflective liquid crystal display has two states. Nevertheless, a compensation structure that can obtain high contrast ratios in both dynamic and memory modes has been optimized. The proposed RD-LCD can be operated without internal backlighting, thus making it a candidate for real green display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The temperature dependence of optical birefringence, order parameter, effective geometry parameter, and normalized polarizability was determined for nematic liquid crystal mixtures by measuring the refractive indices. The effects of the adjustable parameters obtained from temperature-dependent refractive indices were analyzed appropriately for the crossover temperature and order parameter values. Besides, a four-parameter power law expression method was used for the optical birefringence measurement to address inappropriate fits in the weak first-order phase transition region. From this method, the effective second order phase transition temperature T ⁎⁎ was determined by showing the slightly higher values than phase transition temperature. The value of the order parameter critical exponent λ obtained from this method showed a good agreement with the mean field theory by demonstrating closeness to the tricritical hypothesis (β = 0.25). As a consequence, the measurement of the temperature-dependent optical birefringence was successfully verified the pre-transitional phenomena accurately, and it can facilitate an insightful description of that region. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Temperature dependence of high birefringence (∆ n) liquid crystals was analyzed. • The temperature dependent order parameter was sorted based on ∆ n values. • Lower (∆ n) o and β values were valuable factors for increasing T co at the same T NI. • A four-parameter power law expression shows the high critical exponent value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, polyimide surfaces irradiated by an ion-beam for liquid crystal alignment are investigated by using atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. A liquid crystal cell aligned homogeneously through the ion-beam exposure exhibits electro-optic switching behavior similar to that of a rubbing-aligned liquid crystal cell. However, we found that the surface morphology and bonding molecules of ion-beam-treated polyimide surfaces show properties very different from mechanically-rubbed ones. Experimental results show that optical anisotropy of ion-beam-treated polyimide surfaces results in the formation of hydrogenated amorphous carbon-like structure with a short main-chain, while mechanical rubbing has little effect on structural and compositional variations of polyimide layers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]