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Trachyderes (Dendrobias) mandibularis Dupont es reportado en diferentes estados de México asociado a frutales tropicales reportándose por primera vez su presencia en estado adulto alimentándose de frutos de guanábana (Annona muricata L.) en el estado de Nayarit, México. Trachyderes (Dendrobias) mandibularis Dupont is already present in several states of Mexico as a pest of tropical fruits. This new record describes adults eating soursop (Annona muricata L.) at Nayarit, Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se reportan insectos xilófagos del guanábano ( Annona muricata L.) en México. La asociación del guanábano como huésped de las especies Acanthoderes quadrigibba (Say), Oreodera fasciculosa Thomson (Cerambycidae), and Chrysobothris totonaca Domínguez y Márquez (Buprestidae) representan un nuevo reporte. Las ramas afectadas por el patógeno Lasiodiplodia theobramae Pat. pueden ser una fuente potencial de mayor daño por estos insectos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La guanábana Annona muricata (L.) es el cultivo frutícola más importante de las anonáceas en México. Existen diversos insectos plaga que causan daños al cultivo, entre ellos Gonodonta pyrgo (Cramer). En cultivos tropicales se ha reportado el 100% de pérdidas causadas por este insecto. Debido a la reciente detección de esta especie en Nayarit, la escasa información de biología y hábitos, los objetivos de esta investigación fueron determinar el ciclo de vida y el comportamiento diurno de larvas y adultos en el laboratorio. El insecto vivió de huevo a adultos 26.0 ± 2.11 días. El estado de larva fue el que más duró (12.0 ± 0.29 días) y causó el mayor daño al alimentarse de hojas, flores, y frutos de guanábano. El adulto vivió 4.0 ± 0.31 días, perfora frutos de mango y guanábana con la finalidad de alimentarse del néctar, con lo cual afecta la calidad de la fruta. Se caracteriza por la alta capacidad para descubrir nuevos hábitats y la gran capacidad de colonización, lo que implica mayores dificultades para realizar su control y delimitar las áreas infestadas. Los huevos son depositados en grupos de 700 a 1,500 en el envés de hojas tiernas. Hasta antes del quinto o sexto día de emergencia, las larvas se alimentan de follaje, flores, y frutos tiernos, del sexto día en adelante se alimentan también de follaje maduro. Posteriormente, se desplazan hacia la base del árbol, entre la hojarasca y suelo para pupar. En confinamiento de laboratorio el adulto laceró el exocarpo de frutos de mango y guanábana. Annona muricata L. (soursop) is the most important fruit crop of annonaceous in Mexico and in Nayarit State where most is produced. Many insect pests damage the fruit, including Gonodonta pyrgo (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). The pest causes 100% loss of other tropical crops. Because of the recent detection of G. pyrgo in Nayarit and the limited information on the biology and habits, the objectives of this research were to determine the life cycle and the diurnal behavior of larvae and adults under laboratory conditions. G. pyrgo from egg to adult lived 26.0 ± 2.11 days. The larval stage lasted 12.0 ± 0.29 days and caused the most damage by feeding on A. muricata leaves. The adult lived 4.0 ± 0.31 days, piercing mango and soursop fruits while feeding on the nectar, thus affecting the quality of the fruit. This insect is characterized by high capacity to discover new habitats and colonize that cause difficulty in their control and limiting infested areas. Eggs are laid in groups of 700 to 1,500 on the underside of young leaves. By the fifth or sixth day after emergence, the larvae feed on foliage, flowers, and young fruit, and feed on mature foliage before that. Subsequently, they move to the base of a tree to pupate into soil and trash. In laboratory conditions, adults damage fruit of mango and soursop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most soursop, Annona muricata L., in the world is produced in Mexico. Soursop is a tropical fruit with great commercial possibility. Currently, its commercialization in Mexico has restrictions established in national phytosanitary legislation. Some insect species such as Anastrepha that are registered as associated with soursop have not been confirmed. The purpose of this research was to extensively sample fruit in orchards and stockpile centers and use induced infestation in field cages to determine if soursop fruit hosted Anastrepha. Observation was June 2009 through June 2012 in Nayarit, Mexico. A total of 5.23 tons of fruit was sampled (n = 6,712) in commercial orchards and 7.18 tons (n = 8,418) in stockpile centers, a sum total of 12.41 tons of fruit. No soursop fruits with Anastrepha ludens or A. obliqua fly larvae were found. In fields and stockpile centers, we observed fruit infested by Optatus palmaris (Coleptera: Curculionidae) at a density of 0.12 and 0.03 larva per fruit, respectively. We collected fruits infested by Neosilba sp. larvae (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) at 0.0058 larva per fruit, from which 21 adults emerged. From 318 cedar tree fruit (Spondias sp.) collected in the study region, 35 A. obliqua adults emerged, and eight A. ludens and 57 A. obliqua were found in McPhail traps baited with hydrolyzed protein in mango orchards (Mangifera indica) where the research occurred. In McPhail traps in soursop orchards, one A. ludens, four A. obliqua, and three Anastrepha spp. were captured. In the cages, no soursop fruit was infested by A. ludens or A. oblique. From mango fruits used as hosts, five A. obliqua and two A. ludens emerged. Based on the results, we concluded that soursop was not a host for Anastrepha fruit fly. The current phytosanitary measures established in the Mexican Official Norms must be modified to deregulate soursop fruit and allow its free mobilization within the Mexican states with different phytosanitary categories in relation to fruit flies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]