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Lithium batteries can be classified by the anode material (lithium metal, intercalated lithium) and the electrolyte system (liquid, polymer). Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (secondary cells) containing an intercalation negative electrode) should not be confused with nonrechargeable lithium primary batteries (containing metallic lithium). The superior performance of lithium-ion batteries has made them the main power source for portable applications. They also offer attractive performance advantages for both automotive and standby power applications. Efforts to develop secondary cells with lithium metal anodes have shown problems of stability and safety.