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In view of the problem of permanent magnet loss of permanent magnet synchronous motor, the method of finite element analysis is used in the proposed study to establish Ansoft Maxwell finite element analysis model of 3 kW small permanent magnet synchronous motor. The method of reducing the coercive force and residual magnetic induction of permanent magnet materials is adopted to simulate the permanent magnet demagnetization failure, and the finite element models of the motor under different degrees of loss of magnetism are established. The results show that when the permanent magnet synchronous motor has a 50% loss of field fault, the air gap magnetic density decreases in varying degrees at no-load and load, the no-load air gap magnetic field attenuates by 53.0% and the load decays by 19.8%. Additionally, the induced potential decreases linearly, the current nonlinearity increases, and the fundamental and harmonic components of the induced potential decrease in varying degrees. The motor output torque decreases with the increase of the loss of field, and when the degree of loss of excitation reaches 50%, the permanent magnet motor cannot reach the rated torque output state. This result can be used as an important basis for the diagnosis of loss of excitation fault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]