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This study represents an investigation of the critical thermal buckling load in columns consist of two different materials for the case of fixed-fixed and fixed pinned loading in order to choose the suitable compound ratio. The finite element model using ANSYS APDL 17.2 was built to simulate the compound column consist of two different materials of different compound column length, different materials and different lengths of the fixed part. Analytically, four analytical models were suggested to describe the effects of moduli of elasticity and thermal expansion factors of the used materials on the critical thermal buckling load. The results showed that the fourth analytical model is the suitable analytical model described the effects of elasticity and thermal expansion factors of the used materials in a fixed – fixed compound column. In fixed – pinned compound column, all analytical models suggested in this work cannot describe the effects of elasticity and thermal expansion factors along the length of the compound column. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]