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Propagation measurements using a large array are used to study the angle of arrival (AOA) across the ultrawideband (UWB) frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. A two-dimensional Unitary ESPRIT algorithm is employed to give a high resolution estimation of AOA including both the azimuth and elevation angles of multipath components. The frequency dependence of AOA is investigated over the UWB frequency band. The multipath rays form clusters in both angular and temporal domains. Within a cluster the azimuth and elevation AOAs are determined to follow Laplacian and Gaussian distributions respectively. In the indoor environment considered, a typical cluster extends over an angular sector of approximately 14 degrees in azimuth and 9 degrees in elevation, with up to 5 clusters observed. We note that these propagation characteristics will allow UWB systems to utilise smart antennas or MIMO structures to improve overall throughput. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A reconfigurable dual‐port diversity antenna for ultra‐wideband application is presented. The proposed design can be configured either in stacked/back‐to‐back arrangement by placing radiating elements facing in the opposite directions or in orthogonal arrangement. The proposed designs are realised on FR4 substrate of dimensions 40 × 36 × 1.5 mm. By introducing an efficient decoupling structure in the ground plane, both configurations maintain an isolation better than 25 dB over the complete band. Performance of the proposed design is verified by the measured results including s‐parameters, envelope correlation coefficient, total active reflection coefficient and channel capacity loss. The proposed design is suitable for integration in three‐dimensional (3D) system‐in‐package applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]