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This paper presents a laminated paper-based Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The major challenges like providing adequate thickness, uniformity of surface, and water wet ability associated with paper substrate have been transcended in this antenna design by laminating the substrate with a transparent sheet. The simulated and measured reflection coefficients of the fabricated antenna in free space and on human arm are remarkably good, validating the prototype's utility. It can operate effectively in GSM, WMTS, GPS, DCS, ISM, WiMAX, HIPERLAN, WLAN, and UWB frequency bands with S11 less than -10 dB and the gain ranging from 0.94 to 9.53 dB (free space) and 1.03 to 6.07 dB (on-body). The electrical size of the proposed antenna is 0.16 λg x 0.12 λg at 0.7 GHz with a group delay below 2.3 ns over the desired frequency bands. The performance characteristics are also investigated on-body and it encompasses most of the desired frequency bands for the body area network. This paper also analyses the specific absorption rate (SAR) of the designed antenna by placing it on a tissue-layered human arm model, which is 0.64 Watt/kg, complying with the SAR safety guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A low-profile planar four-element MIMO antenna is proposed in this paper that can be integrated inside wireless handheld devices. Every unit antenna is made of simple planar L-shaped monopole placed over etched non-ground area of 10 × 5 mm2. The optimized antenna elements cover three 5G New Radio bands falling within C-band: n77 band (3.3–4.2 GHz), n78 band (3.3–3.8 GHz) and n79 band (4.4–5 GHz), with isolation better than 18.8 dB, without the requirement of any additional decoupling structure. The designed antenna is fabricated on FR4 substrate of dimension 120 × 65 × 1.6 mm3. Antenna characteristics regarding reflection coefficient, mutual coupling, radiation pattern and gain are measured and discussed. The envelop correlation coefficient is computed and is lower than 0.018 for the entire range of frequency under consideration. The simplicity and compactness of the proposed MIMO antenna provides adequate space for integration of other circuits inside handheld mobile terminal. Further the integration with lower generation antennas are investigated; the result indicates that the placement of the proposed antenna system on the two long arms of ground plane offer adequate space for integration of lower generation antenna without adversely affecting each other's performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 5th Generation of mobile communication is the next big technological leap that will fulfill the needs of the information society in the coming decade. Researchers, academicians and stakeholders have come together to identify the scope and formulate the policies to be implemented for easy roll-out of 5G services around the globe. This paper reviews the work of numerous researchers and telecom standard developing organizations, with an aim of better understanding of the important design aspects of 5G-like allocation of the frequency spectrum, identified 5G services, methods of distribution of network resource with aim to attain defined Key Performance Indicators, User Equipment MIMO antenna design challenges and Base Station massive MIMO antenna requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A planar dual-element multi-generation compatible MIMO antenna is presented in this paper. The radiating antenna elements are designed to resonate over two frequency ranges: 1.41 GHz - 2.11 GHz and 3.6 GHz - 3.8 GHz, with (S11/S22) reference considered as -10 dB,covering frequencies allotted for L1 GPS, 2G standards (GSM-1800 and GSM-1900), 3G standard (UMTS), LTE (working on TDD and FDD techniques) and 5G New Radio. The designed antenna is optimized using IE3D simulation software and fabricated on FR4 substrate having relative permittivity of 4.4, loss tangent of 0.02 and thickness of 1.6 mm. A three step isolation improvement and impedance bandwidth enhancement technique is presented to reduce the mutual coupling and cover the desired frequency range. Antenna characteristics in terms of the reflection coefficient, mutual coupling, radiation pattern and gain are measured and show good agreement with the simulated results. Diversity performance is evaluated in terms of the envelop correlation coefficient. It is found to be less than 0.12 and 0.06 in the first and second bands of frequencies, respectively. The planar structure and capability to support several frequencies of multiple generations make the proposed MIMO antenna a good candidate for integration with future wireless devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This article presents a metamaterial-based tri-band antenna for WiMAX (2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz) and WLAN (5.2/5.8 GHz) application. The antenna comprises of a metallic patch of area 22 mm × 14 mm on the top of a substrate. The patch is etched with a T-shaped slot and meandered lines. At the bottom of substrate we have a partial, rectangular shaped ground plane along with an electric-inductive-capacitive resonator. The proposed antenna gives a desired impedance bandwidth along with an omnidirectional radiation pattern. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:558-561, 2016 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This article presents quad-directional magneto-dielectric (MD) resonator antenna configuration, designed using two different MD materials with stack configuration. These materials have been designed such that their temperature coefficient is approximately zero. The microwave dielectric constant (εr) and permeability (μr) of both materials are calculated by Nicholson-Ross-Weir conversion technique and found to be 8.02, 1.64 and 10.47, 1.52, respectively. The designed antenna can radiates in four directions simultaneously at the resonant frequency of 5.84 GHz. The beam shaping has been achieved using single feed and this property can be utilized for the angle diversity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:62-64, 2016 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new compact square microstrip patch antenna is proposed using the optimization approach, namely, the genetic algorithm (GA). The antenna is designed at three different frequencies, 785 MHz., 1.57 GHz, and 2.46 GHz, for mobile communication, GPS, and Bluetooth applications, respectively. The simulations are carried out using IE3D from Zeland Software, which is based on the method of moments (MoM). The antenna consists of a probe-fed truncated-corner square patch with four inserted slits along the four diagonals and four angular grooves along the four edges of the patch. The proposed design has a reduced antenna size, as compared to the conventional microstrip antenna at a given operating frequency. The return loss, impedance, and axial-ratio bandwidth are determined and compared with the conventional square-patch antenna. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of a bow-shaped microstrip patch antenna are analyzed and compared with a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The various parameters such as return loss, gain, and VSWR are determined and compared. It is found that the center frequency of the bow-shaped antenna is lower by about 12.82% than that of the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. This implies that the size of the patch needs to be reduced in order to maintain the same resonant frequency. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 158–160, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11314 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents the design of a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) using a nearly temperature stable dielectric composite material. By the combination of compounds with positive and negative temperature coefficient, a dielectric composite series (1− x)(Mg0.95Zn0.05)TiO3 − x(Ca0.8Sr0.2)TiO3 has been developed. The structural and morphological properties of the grown samples have been characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy analysis. Microwave dielectric properties of the composite samples have been investigated using the TE01δ dielectric resonator method. Relative permittivity (ɛ r ) of 21.9, dielectric loss tan δ of 0.0002 and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ f ) of −0.15ppm/°C have been obtained for the x =0.08 sample, which was used for designing the DRA. The DRA resonates at 4.6GHz frequency and offers the bandwidth of 315MHz. The characteristics of proposed DRA have been simulated using the Ansoft high frequency structure simulator (HFSS). Comparison between the simulated and measured results shows a reasonably good agreement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]