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2. The Franz Boas Papers, Volume 2 : Franz Boas, James Teit, and Early Twentieth-Century Salish Ethnography
- Author
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Boas, Franz, Laforet, Andrea, Bain, Angie, Haugen, John, Moritz, Sarah, Palmer, Andie Diane, DARNELL, REGNA, GENERAL EDITOR, Boas, Franz, Laforet, Andrea, Bain, Angie, Haugen, John, Moritz, Sarah, Palmer, Andie Diane, and DARNELL, REGNA
- Published
- 2024
3. Anthropology Across Borders and Limits : 1st Independent Research Network Papers
- Author
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Ignatiev, Roman N., Fediushin, Vladislav V., Ignatiev, Roman N., and Fediushin, Vladislav V.
- Published
- 2024
4. A Comparison between EFL Writing Errors in Computer-Based and Paper-Based Assignments
- Author
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Paola Maria Caleffi
- Subjects
computer-based writing ,efl writing errors ,higher education ,paper-based writing ,writing assessment ,writing technologies. ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 ,Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar ,P101-410 - Abstract
Advances in writing technologies have fostered the gradual move from Paper-Based (PB) to Computer-Based (CB) writing assessment in foreign language (FL) education. The trend was further boosted by the outburst of the Covid-19 pandemic, which led to drastic changes in teaching and assessment practices. In higher education (HE) contexts, writing assessment in English as a foreign language (EFL) is more and more often managed by means of online learning platforms, where students create and submit written assignments on the computer. This paper examines a sample of 100 EFL exam essays completed by 100 Italian university students. Half of the essays were computer-typed on Moodle from home during the Covid-19 lockdown, whereas the other half were handwritten on paper during a face-to-face exam session after the Covid-19 emergency. The study presented herein compares the amount and types of formal errors in the CB and PB written assignments respectively. The results of the comparison may be useful to suggest hypotheses on the impact that both writing modality and environment can have on the quality of EFL writing in assessment contexts.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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5. Annual Proceedings of Selected Research and Development Papers Presented at the Annual Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (35th, Louisville, Kentucky, 2012). Volume 2
- Author
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Association for Educational Communications and Technology and Simonson, Michael
- Abstract
For the thirty-fifth year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the national AECT Convention in Louisville, Kentucky. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. (Individual papers contain references.) [For Volume 1, see ED546875.]
- Published
- 2012
6. The Influence of Academic Values on Scholarly Publication and Communication Practices. Research and Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.13.06
- Author
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University of California, Berkeley, Center for Studies in Higher Education, Harley, Diane, Earl-Novell, Sarah, Arter, Jennifer, Lawrence, Shannon, and King, C. Judson
- Abstract
This study reports on five disciplinary case studies that explore academic value systems as they influence publishing behavior and attitudes of University of California, Berkeley faculty. The case studies are based on direct interviews with relevant stakeholders--faculty, advancement reviewers, librarians, and editors--in five fields: chemical engineering, anthropology, law and economics, English-language literature, and biostatistics. The results of the study strongly confirm the vital role of peer review in faculty attitudes and actual publishing behavior. There is much more experimentation, however, with regard to means of in-progress communication, where single means of publication and communication are not fixed so deeply in values and tradition as they are for final, archival publication. We conclude that approaches that try to "move" faculty and deeply embedded value systems directly toward new forms of archival, "final" publication are destined largely to failure in the short-term. From our perspective, a more promising route is to (1) examine the needs of scholarly researchers for both final and in-progress communications, and (2) determine how those needs are likely to influence future scenarios in a range of disciplinary areas. (Contains 11 notes.)
- Published
- 2006
7. Bringing Anthropology Home: Latina/o Students, Ethnographic Research, and U.S. Rural Communities. Occasional Paper No. 57. Latino Studies Series.
- Author
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Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Julian Samora Research Inst. and Garcia, Victor
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Very few Latinos earn doctorates in anthropology, and the number enrolling in undergraduate programs is also not encouraging. This paper addresses the low and stagnant number of "new" Latino doctorates in anthropology, discusses reasons for this poor showing, and presents a possible solution--an approach to the study of anthropology that emphasizes fieldwork to make students active participants in their training. This approach is a key component of the Palerm School of Anthropology, which has produced many doctorates in Mexico and has been implemented at the Center for Chicano Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). About 25 years ago, anthropology in Mexico took a radical turn in its intellectual development, moving away from functionalism and"indigenismo" toward cultural ecology and peasant studies. Mexican anthropology also became more applied as Angel Palerm and his cohorts began to address development issues. An advocate of integrating theory and praxis at the start of a student's career, Palerm established a field school in Tepetlaoztoc, where Mexican and foreign students studied specific issues in rural communities. Juan Vicente Palerm introduced his father's approach at UCSB, involving Chicano students in ethnographic field studies of Mexican farmworkers in California agriculture and of Mexican American communities and developing a faculty mentoring program for graduate anthropology students. These experiences show Latino students that anthropology is relevant to the pressing problems of the Latino population and to the students' career goals. (Contains 14 references.) (SV)
- Published
- 2001
8. Chicano Drivers of Ideas in Anthropology across Space and Place: Pre-Postmodern Debts to Chicano Studies and Others. JSRI Occasional Paper No. 53. Latino Studies Series.
- Author
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Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Julian Samora Research Inst. and Velez-Ibanez, Carlos G.
- Abstract
Current trends toward transnational and postmodern analysis in anthropology were anticipated by theoretical and methodological positions held by those involved in Chicano Studies. In addition, new institutional forms were inaugurated in anthropology as a direct and indirect result of the experience of participating in Chicano Studies programs. Many simultaneously participated in Chicano Studies and engaged in graduate programs in anthropology in the 1960s and 1970s. In fact, what is particular to all this cohort of incipient anthropologists, is their shared experiences in multinational ethnography, processes and analysis, and a "critical cultural" stance. From Chicano Studies, most who were to become anthropologists became adept, if not expert, at engaging in a variety of nomothetic, interpretive, quantitative, and qualitative discourses. Yet, by necessity and through a voracious interest, Chicano Studies professors consumed everything and filled their own "starved minds" to teach students. During this period, there were more bibliographies written by many than there were entries for their creation. Chicano Studies scholars were engaged in constant intellectual struggle to understand the realities of exploitation, racism, and repression. They challenged and critiqued the notion of a disengaged and authoritarian anthropology; deconstructed current ethnographies of Mexican Americans; laid out the theoretical and methodological deficiencies of anthropology; and insisted on a more rigid application of systematic fieldwork. This paper summarizes the contributions of Chicano Studies scholars to anthropology and provides a personal narrative of the intellectual and professional development of researcher/author of anthropology and Chicano Studies, Carlos G. Velez-Ibanez. (Contains 30 references.) (AA)
- Published
- 1998
9. Culture and Disability in the Pacific. Summaries of Papers Prepared for a Working Session of the Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania (New Orleans, Louisiana, February 1992).
- Author
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World Rehabilitation Fund, Inc., New York, NY., New Hampshire Univ., Durham. Inst. on Disability., Fitzgerald, Maureen, and Armstrong, Jocelyn
- Abstract
This newsletter issue is devoted to summaries of 12 papers on culture and disability issues in the Pacific. The summaries presented span Oceania and are based on papers representing Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia. Papers have the following titles and authors: "Nstasinge: The Sickness of a Small Boy from the Finisterre Range in Papua New Guinea from an Emic (Anthropological) and Etic (Biomedical) Perspective" (Verena Keck); "Culture and Disability in Palau" (Yoichi K. Rengiil and Jane E. Jarrow); "Perceptions of Physical, Mental, and Sensory Disabilities on Woleai and Lamotrek, Carolina Islands" (William H. Alkire); "The Place of Disabled Persons in Rotuman Society" (Jan Rensel and Alan Howard); "The Connection of Ability and Disability on a Subsistence Atoll" (Patrick O'Brien); "Disability in the Western Pacific: Perspectives from Guam" (Rebecca A. Stephenson); "Disability and Rehabilitation in Cross-Cultural Perspective: A View from New Zealand" (Robert J. Gregory); "Diabetes Management: A Polynesian Perspective" (Judith C. Barker). Concluding comments by Linda S. Mitteness emphasize that in a small-scale society, the individual might occupy many productive social roles so that a physical or mental impairment that interferes with one of those roles may not be as devastating as in a large-scale, money economy where employment is the primary source of a person's value. (JDD)
- Published
- 1993
10. Titles of papers received after 1 June and not included in the list of summaries [and] received after 25 June
11. A General Overview of Bias and Validity Issues in Cross-Cultural Research. HRD & All Research Series. Paper 91-06.
- Author
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Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins. Office for Applied Research., Lewis, Jonathan P., and Geroy, Gary D.
- Abstract
Conducting observational research in a cross-cultural context invokes a unique set of difficulties. This paper describes sources of bias and threats to validity that are specific to cross-cultural research. It describes problems of cross-cultural research designs for descriptive studies, comparative research, and experimental research and outlines techniques for dealing with problems. (Contains 12 references.) (LMI)
- Published
- 1991
12. Navigating the legal liminalities of a de facto state: Migrant precarity and placeholder identity papers in Northern Cyprus.
- Author
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Achiri, Emmanuel and Klem, Bart
- Subjects
- *
LEGAL norms , *FORCED migration , *POLITICAL refugees , *PRECARITY , *RIGHT of asylum - Abstract
This article studies the contested legal–political dynamics around forced migration flows to and through an unrecognized state: the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). We adopt an analytical perspective drawn from the literature on performative politics and the legal anthropology of documents to explore how migration dynamics interact with the contested legal status of the TRNC. Our two main questions are: What practical shape do the human rights of refugees and asylum seekers take in an interstitial legal space, where the foundation of law is itself subject to ambiguity, suspension, and contestation? And what implications—opportunities and hazards—does this constellation have for refugees and asylum-seekers? Drawing on interviews, lived experience and fieldwork observations, we make two arguments. First, we contend that the interstitial status of the TRNC represents both an opportunity for refugees and a threat. Secondly, we argue that a purely legal or technical understanding of legal identity and concurrent rights is inadequate; we must subject these phenomena to a politically informed analysis of the everyday practices through which legal norms and spaces are continuously shaped and reshaped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. Call for Papers
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Anthropology ,GN1-890 ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 - Published
- 2023
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14. Through the lens of Henry Viollet: an undisclosed photographic and paper archive on Islamic monuments (1904-1913)
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Sandra Aube and Martina Massullo
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islamic architecture ,islamic art ,archival material ,photographs ,glass plates ,syria ,iraq ,iran ,Arts in general ,NX1-820 ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 - Abstract
A pioneer in the study of Islamic architecture, Henry Viollet (1880-1955) travelled from Egypt to Central Asia between 1904 and 1913. From his missions, the French architect and archaeologist brought back more than 4,500 written and photographic documents, today kept at the Bibliothèque universitaire des langues et civilisations orientales in Paris. These archives document Viollet’s excavations at Samarra and his surveys of Islamic monuments, particularly in Iraq and Iran. In 2021-2022 a scientific project funded by the GIS CollEx-Persée and co-partnered with BULAC and CeRMI has been set up to study part of the iconographic materials stored in these archives (EpiPOM project). In the frame of this project, an international conference was organized in Paris on 23 June 2022 to bring together a network of researchers in the arts of Islam into a collaborative study of this partly undisclosed archival material.
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- 2023
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15. Indigenous Tourism Movements . Alexis C. Bunten and Nelson H. H. Graburn, eds. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2018, 288 pp. $32.95, paper. ISBN 9781442628298.
- Author
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Delugan, Robin Maria
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Anthropology ,Archaeology - Published
- 2019
16. Leisure and Death: An Anthropological Tour of Risk, Death, and Dying , Adam Kaul and Jonathan Skinner, eds. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2018, 328 pp. $36.95, paper. ISBN 978-1-60732-728-8.
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Delugan, Robin Maria
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Anthropology ,Archaeology - Published
- 2019
17. Paper Patients: When Documents Stand in for Patients
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David Ansari
- Subjects
apprenticeship ,documents ,uncertainty ,mental health ,immigration ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
This article analyses a seemingly mundane feature of a mental health centre for immigrants and refugees in Paris: the documents used by budding therapists undertaking their apprenticeships. Supervisors developed these documents in order to train therapist apprentices to learn the explanatory models of patients, identify the voice of patients, and incorporate medical anthropology into their therapeutic practice. The documents were central to the experiences of therapist apprentices because they occupied most of their time and were a substitute for supervision and patient contact. Documents disciplined the speech of therapist apprentices and focused their attention on specific aspects of patients’ histories. Therapist apprentices found these documents and documentary practices to be problematic because they reduced patients’ complex migration and medical histories to a series of tick boxes and short answers. These documents generated new forms of uncertainty among therapist apprentices about how to present clinical information about patients to their supervisors. This article is part of a larger study that considers mental health services for immigrants and refugees as communities of practice in which therapist apprentices learned to develop clinical and caring skills for vulnerable patient populations. By drawing on and contributing to scholarship on apprenticeship, uncertainty, documents, and bureaucracy, this article demonstrates how bureaucratic processes and documentary artefacts may generate unnecessary forms of uncertainty and hinder participation in communities of practice.
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- 2022
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18. (In)Visible Disease: Motions and Emotions Engendered by Papers and Diagnostics of People Accessing Healthcare in Burkina Faso
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Pia Juul Bjertrup
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visibility ,documents ,diagnostics ,access to healthcare ,burkina faso ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Within the last decade, challenges of diagnosis have emerged on the global health agenda, accompanied by an expansion in the use of point-of-care and rapid detection devices in low-resource contexts where laboratory facilities are scarce. Few studies have explored how these changes are shaping people’s diagnostic journeys and their modes of accessing such technologies. In this paper I show how sick people and their families in a peri-urban area in Burkina Faso attempt to access diagnostic technologies and make themselves visible to the healthcare system through papers. In this context, I show how referral papers and diagnostic papers take on significance for people as they attempt to access care and diagnostic technologies and ‘carry’ knowledge between different levels of the healthcare system. The use of papers is often an uncertain undertaking, as they remain unintelligible to the sick and the layperson. I highlight how the form of the papers makes a crucial difference to the ways that sick people are able to use them. Papers and diagnostic technologies present both opportunities and challenges, and simultaneously engender hope, uncertainty, disappointment, and despair for the sick seeking a cure. Uncertainties, especially financial ones, arise with the possibility of new referrals and diagnostic tests, and along the way many give up or are immobilised when faced with diagnostic ambiguity.
- Published
- 2021
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19. Call for Papers
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Martha E. Mantilla
- Subjects
Anthropology ,GN1-890 ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 - Published
- 2022
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20. Paper Trails : Migrants, Documents, and Legal Insecurity
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HORTON, SARAH B., HEYMAN, JOSIAH, HORTON, SARAH B., and HEYMAN, JOSIAH
- Published
- 2020
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21. Ethnological Field Training in the Mezquital Valley, Mexico. Papers from the Ixmiquilpan Field Schools in Cultural Anthropology and Linguistics.
- Author
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Catholic Univ. of America, Washington, DC., Kenny, Michael, and Bernard, H. Russell
- Abstract
Thirteen papers by graduate students who participated in a 1971 summer field program in Hidalgo, Mexico, are presented. Twelve of the papers are presented in the English language and one is presented in Spanish. Research for seven of the papers was undertaken in established Otomi Indian villages or hamlets. Research for the remaining six papers was undertaken in small towns inhabited by mestizos, Otomi Indians, and, in some cases, a foreign minority. A wide variety of research techniques was used, including sophisticated urban anthropological methods, ethnoscience techniques, linguistic and psycholinguistic techniques, observation, and interviews. Titles are "Use of Photographs with Q Methodology in the Mezquital Valley"; "Domesticated Animals and Village Nucleation"; "Culture Change and Intergroup Relations in a Small Mexican Town"; "Marketing by Female Vendors in Mexico"; "Self-Help and Directed Culture Change in an Otomi Village"; "Cultural Aspects of Diet in El Espiritu, Hidalgo"; "A Componential Analysis of the Otomi Animal Domain"; "The Political Organization of the Judicial District and the Municipal Government of Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo"; "Education: Aspiration and Opportunity in a Mexican Town"; "A Case Study of a Catholic Youth Organization in a Provincial Mexican Town"; "The Making of an Anthropologist: Phase 1.5"; "Environment, Production, and Subsistence: Economic Patterns in a Rural Otomi Community"; and "The Pattern of Settlement in an Otomi Village: Structural Relations Among Outlying Neighborhoods." (DB)
- Published
- 1973
22. Historians/Artifacts/Learners: Working Papers.
- Author
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Nichols, Susan K. and Nichols, Susan K.
- Abstract
This publication, an outcome of a 2-day colloquium in 1981, contains information about using artifacts (material culture evidence) as a primary source for teaching history at the graduate or advanced student seminar level. A purpose of the colloquium was to gather and disseminate this information for the Historians/Artifacts/Learners (HAL) project. Included is a lead article; six papers presented at the colloquium; an analysis of the proceedings; remarks, discussion, and recommendations made at the colloquium; and a selected list of course syllabi, books, and articles. The lead article describes five individuals who recognized the importance of using artifacts in the teaching of history. The six papers discuss using artifacts to teach history in the disciplines of cultural anthropology and folklore studies, social history, art history, cultural geography, history of technology, and historical archaeology. The remarks and discussion article summarizes and interprets the papers presented at the colloquium. Among the recommendations of the HAL staff are that a single resource, most likely a publication, be compiled and that curriculum materials be developed for using artifacts in teaching history. The bibliography presents a core listing of college-level syllabi as well as available books, articles, and pamphlets on this topic. (NE)
- Published
- 1982
23. Anthropology for Contemporary Nurses: A Paper for Consideration.
- Author
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Clavner, Jerry B. and Sumodi, Veronica R.
- Abstract
The integration of culturally relevant concepts into nursing education is essential for the effective delivery of health care in a modern, multi-ethnic, multi-racial, mobile society. Several key concepts from anthropology and specific areas of individual interpersonal behavior have particular relevance to nursing education. It is important, for instance, that nurses understand the culture of the hospital, clinic, or other health service setting in which they work. They need to recognize structures of power and authority and be able to function with skill and flexibility within complex hierarchical organizations. Nursing students themselves become involved in the processes of acculturation and resocialization once they finish their training, and an anthropological perspective may ease the transition. The effectiveness of the nurse as a practitioner is increased by awareness and understanding of cross-cultural differences in, for example, religion, territoriality, and attitudes toward family. Even within the same society, cultural components of wellness and illness, such as tolerance for pain, may vary greatly. Additionally, nurses must have an awareness of language differences and communication skills and the importance of understanding patients and being understood by them. Comprehension of these culturally relevant concepts and issues can be facilitated through the integration of learning experiences with obvious applicability into existing courses. Samples of such learning experiences are appended, including definitions of concepts, suggested readings, learning activities, and discussion topics. (KL)
- Published
- 1982
24. Dine Baa Hane Bi Naaltsoos: Collected Papers from the Seventh through Tenth Navajo Studies Conferences.
- Author
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Navajo Nation, Window Rock, AZ. Historic Preservation Dept. and Piper, June-el
- Abstract
This document contains 29 papers presented at the 7th-10th Navajo Studies Conferences, 1994-97. The papers are arranged in five sections: "Aesthetics: Rugs, Baskets, and Rock Art"; "Doing Anthropology"; "Health"; "Economics"; and "Contact between Cultures." The papers are: "The First Navajo Studies Conference: Reflections by the Cofounders" (Charlotte J. Frisbie, David M. Brugge); "Dine Interpretations of Navajo Rug Styles" (Kathleen Tabaha); "The Image Weavers: Contemporary Navajo Pictorial Textiles" (Susan Brown McGreevy); "Rock Art: Comparison of Navajo Realistic Style with Plains Biographical Style" (David M. Brugge); "The Storytellers: Contemporary Navajo Basket Makers" (Susan Brown McGreevy); "Navajos Learning and Doing Archaeology: NNAD's Student Training Program at Northern Arizona University" (Davina R. TwoBears); "Road Project Ethnography: Observations on the Role of the Anthropologist and the Cultural Specialist" (David O. Ortiz); "The Final Stages of a Life History Project" (Charlotte J. Frisbie, Augusta Sandoval); "The Landscape of a Life: Life History and the Archaeological Record" (Karen R. Benally, Paul F. Reed); "The Navajo Uranium Miner Oral History and Photography Project" (Doug Brugge et al); "The Trader and Navajo Culture Change" (Theodore R. Reinhart); "Structural Stabilization at Old Fort Ruin" (Larry L. Baker, Christopher L. Zeller); "Issues of Familial Support in the Management of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus" (Julia Roanhorse); "Lifestyle Changes among the Navajo: A Cause of Diabetes?" (Sonya Yazzie); "'They Need To Use Both Sides'" (Nelson Sims); "'I Have No Relatives': Navajo Narratives of Distress and Therapeutic Transformation" (Elizabeth Lewton, Thomas Csordas); "Family Dynamics in Three Generations of Navajo Women" (Joanne E. McCloskey); "Contemporary Navajo Wage Labor and Income Patterns" (Scott C. Russell); "Extraction or Reciprocation? Conflict over the Navajo Nation's Ponderosa Pine Forests" (Patrick Pynes); "The Silent Crisis: Economic Consequences of Multiple Appropriations of Navajo Weavers' Patterns and Production" (Kathy M'Closkey); "Navajo Land Use in the Early Twentieth Century" (Riitta Laitinen); "Hubbell Trading Post Today: A View of Working in a Trading Post" (Maralyn Yazzie); "Room To Trade: Space and the Navajo Trading Experience" (Laura R. Marcus); "Navajo Weavers as Artists: Individuals and Regional Styles" (Nancy Mahaney); "The Creation of a Usable Past" (Teresa J. Wilkins); "Museum Presentations of American Indians" (Mark Tomas Bahti); "Traditional and Academic Plant Study" (Kenneth J. Pratt); "The Navajo Great Gambler Legend: A Global Phenomenon" (Kathryn Gabriel); and "Atonement or Harmony: An Examination of The Beatitudes in Navajo Thought" (Peter Kakos). (Contains references in most papers, photographs, and contributor profiles.) (SV)
- Published
- 1999
25. [Project Social Studies. Discipline Papers.]
- Author
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Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Project Social Studies Curriculum Center.
- Abstract
The special papers provide a definition, delineate the scope, present a conceptual framework, and identify the method of inquiry and some techniques used for explaining the body of knowledge for each of six disciplines. The background papers to Project Social Studies are: 1) "Sociology" by Caroline Rose; 2) "The Study of Geography" by Fredrick R. Steinhauser; 3) "The Study of Anthropology" by Shirley Russell Holt; 4) "Political Science" by Frank Sorauf; 5) "The Many Meanings of History" by Robert F. Berkhofer; and, 6) "Some Thoughts on the Teaching of Economics" by Leonid Hurwicz. A number of pages may be illegible. (Author/SJM)
- Published
- 1968
26. SOME SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF VERBAL BEHAVIOR. WORKING PAPER NUMBER 4.
- Author
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California Univ., Berkeley. Language and Behavior Research Lab., BLOM, JAN-PETTER, and GUMPERZ, JOHN J.
- Abstract
IN RECENT DISCUSSIONS OF THE PROBLEM OF LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY, BERNSTEIN (1961, 1964) EXPLORES THE HYPOTHESIS THAT SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS ACT AS INTERVENING VARIABLES BETWEEN LINGUISTIC STRUCTURES AND THEIR REALIZATION IN SPEECH. HIS FORMULATION SUGGESTS THAT THE ANTHROPOLOGISTS' ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL CONSTRAINTS GOVERNING INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS MAY BE UTILIZED IN THE INTERPRETATION OF VERBAL PERFORMANCES. THIS PAPER ATTEMPTS TO CLARIFY THE SOCIAL AND LINGUISTIC FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND TO TEST BERNSTEIN'S HYPOTHESIS BY SHOWING THAT SPEAKER'S SELECTION AMONG SEMANTICALLY, GRAMMATICALLY, AND PHONOLOGICALLY PERMISSIBLE ALTERNATES OCCURRING IN CONVERSATION SEQUENCES RECORDED IN NATURAL GROUPS IS BOTH PATTERNED AND PREDICTABLE ON THE BASIS OF CERTAIN FEATURES OF THE LOCAL SOCIAL SYSTEM. IN OTHER WORDS, GIVEN A PARTICULAR AGGREGATE OF PEOPLE ENGAGED IN REGULAR FACE TO FACE INTERACTION, AND GIVEN SOME KNOWLEDGE OF THE SPEAKERS' LINGUISTIC REPERTOIRE (GUMPERZ 1964), THE AUTHORS RELATE THE STRUCTURE OF THAT REPERTOIRE TO THE VERBAL BEHAVIOR OF MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY IN PARTICULAR SITUATIONS. (DATA ON VERBAL INTERACTION DERIVES FROM APPROXIMATELY TWO MONTHS' FIELDWORK IN HEMNESBERGET, A SMALL COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL TOWN OF ABOUT 1300 INHABITANTS IN THE CENTER OF THE RANA FJORD, CLOSE TO THE ARCTIC CIRCLE IN NORTHERN NORWAY.) THIS PAPER IS TO BE PUBLISHED IN "DIRECTIONS IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS," (JOHN J. GUMPERZ AND DELL HYMES, EDITORS) BY HOLT, RINEHART, AND WINSTON IN 1968. (AUTHOR/AMM)
- Published
- 1968
27. Teaching About Ethnocentrism. Occasional Paper No. 3.
- Author
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Sady, Rachel Reese
- Abstract
The paper discusses the relevance of studying ethnocentrism in the secondary level social studies classroom. The study of ethnocentrism (a people's assumption that their way of life is the right way) allows students to share in the methodology of historiography, helps them to be aware of the importance of ideas and attitudes as historical data, and leads them to question cultural stereotypes. Ethnocentrism may be introduced in several ways. Students can discover how tribal peoples regard themselves by examining their group labels, by examining the concept of manifest destiny in American history, and by reading descriptions of American Indian cultures, autobiographies, and other ethnographic accounts in which custom appears as an integral element of a functioning culture. A brief description of the culture of the Plains Indians is provided as an example. (KC)
- Published
- 1964
28. THE SOCIAL SCIENTISTS LOOK AT LATIN AMERICA--SIX POSITION PAPERS.
- Author
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Texas Univ., Austin., CONROY, WILLIAM B., and GILL, CLARK C.
- Abstract
THIS COLLECTION OF SIX POSITION PAPERS ON LATIN AMERICA WAS PREPARED BY UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SPECIALISTS IN THE FIELD OF GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, ECONOMICS, SOCIOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, AND GOVERNMENT. EACH WAS ASKED TO WRITE A POSITION PAPER ON WHAT A HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE, OR A REASONABLY LITERATE ADULT, OUGHT TO KNOW ABOUT LATIN AMERICA FROM THE STANDPOINT OF HIS FIELD. THEY WERE TO FOCUS ON THE BASIC IDEAS, THE KEY UNDERSTANDINGS, AND THE MAJOR GENERALIZATIONS. SUPPORTING DETAILS AND EXAMPLES WERE TO BE USED ONLY TO ILLUSTRATE THE LARGER IDEAS WITH NO INTENT OF PROVIDING AN EXHAUSTIVE TREATMENT. THE VIEWS EXPRESSED BY THESE EXPERTS AS TO WHAT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW ABOUT LATIN AMERICA REPRESENT THEIR OWN PERSONAL JUDGMENTS. (TC)
- Published
- 1967
29. On Taxonomy and Semantic Contrast. Working Papers of the Language Behavior Research Laboratory, No. 31.
- Author
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California Univ., Berkeley. Language and Behavior Research Lab. and Kay, Paul
- Abstract
This paper is an attempt to summarize as explicitly as possible certain empirical findings of classical biosystematics and modern semantic ethnography which may be considered to represent formal universals of human mental structure. The paper offers a formal treatment of the subject of taxonomy, and an application of the formalism to several problem areas in the fields of semantics, ethnography, and cognition. The structure formalized here, essentially following the notions of Linnaean biology, is a hierarchy of inclusion relations among a collection of named sets of objects. Section one introduces the formal definition of taxonomic structure and sketches the major outlines of this kind of mathematical object. Section two introduces some theoretical problems relating to taxonomy in ethnographic and semantic contexts and show how this forumlation applies to, and clarifies, these problems. In particular, the notion of semantic contrast in the context of taxonomy is examined in some detail. Section three introduces the notion of taxonomy and examines the nature of the mapping which governs the realization of conceptual taxa by lexical items. (Author/AM)
- Published
- 1970
30. Learning More About Learning. Papers from the Third ASCD (Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development) Research Institute.
- Author
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Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, Washington, DC. and Frazier, Alexander
- Abstract
This booklet contains five papers and reports from the Third Curriculum Research Institute of the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development of the National Education Association (Chicago, May 3-7, 1958). The focus of the Institute was upon "Learning: An Area in Need of Study and Research"; its purpose was to draw on research findings in the fields of anthropology, psychology, and communications for the light they might throw on learning problems in school situations. Included are "Learning More about Learning: A Key to Curriculum Improvement" by Alice Miel; "Personality Theory and Its Implications for Curriculum Development" by Arthur W. Combs; "Anthropology and Learning" by Rhoda Metraux; "The Communication Revolution and Learning" by Robert E. Shafer; "Believing and Behaving: Perception and Learning" by Robert E. Bills; and a concluding section by the Institute staff discussing the ideas brought out in the study groups and suggesting ways to use the materials in the booklet as a basis for further study and research. (DD)
- Published
- 1959
31. A Universalist-Evolutionary Approach in Ethnographic Semantics. Working Paper of the Language Behavior Research Laboratory, No. 27.
- Author
-
California Univ., Berkeley. Language and Behavior Research Lab. and Berlin, Brent
- Abstract
Criticism has been directed at a growing body of literature broadly referred to as ethnoscience, ethnosemantics, folk science, ethnographic semantics, and cognitive anthropology. Criticisms concern methodological and analytic aspects of ethnoscientific procedure, and the directions of ethnosemantic research from a theoretical point of view. The present paper seeks to answer these criticisms and to evaluate the theoretical strengths of ethnosemantics. The focus of ethnosemantic work shifted in the early and mid-sixties, partially as a reflection of renewed interest in theoretical linguistics in language universals, and largely due to the growing number of ethnographies being completed. A number of parallels were discovered in formal classificatory structures, the most striking ones being in the area of lexicon. Detailed descriptions of particular lexical domains led to general semantic structures ignored by the methods of traditional cultural anthropology. One example of empirical research suggestive of the universalist-evolutionary orientation in ethnographic semantics is described, namely Berlin and Kay's work on color classification. (CLK)
- Published
- 1969
32. Decision-Making and Residence on Tagtabon Island. Working Paper of the Language Behavior Research Laboratory, No. 17.
- Author
-
California Univ., Berkeley. Language and Behavior Research Lab. and Geoghegan, William H.
- Abstract
This paper demonstrates, with reference to the Samal of Tagtabon Island, how the structure of local domestic groups and the statistical distribution of residence types can be derived from a detailed description of the decision rules used by Samal native actors themselves in making, evaluating and predicting residence choices. Considering the census data alone, a matrilineal principle or bias appears to dominate the selection of residence locations. But this apparent matrilineal tendency is an artifact of the rule which Tagtabon Samal use in making decisions about residence, a rule which makes no reference to any matrilineal principle. Nine assessments (decision criteria) for residence rules are given. In the selection of a mode of residence a person's age category is of primary importance. In terms of residence locale, the most important phenomenon by far is the preference ranking of kin classes, operative in residence decisions throughout a person's life. (CFM)
- Published
- 1969
33. Reflections on teaching art history in art schools paper given, 4th January, 1966
- Author
-
E. H. Gombrich
- Subjects
history ,distrust of clichés ,orientation ,styles ,liturgy ,local objects ,artistic values ,Arts in general ,NX1-820 ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 - Abstract
With the creation of the Dip. A. D., formal teaching of art history became mandated in the Uk’s art schools. In a talk to university heads of art history, who would be required to train the required art historians, Gombrich addressed the problem of what they should teach. Far from advocating the common university curriculum, he recommended drawing upon local traditions of art and craft practices. While suggesting that students should have a basic awareness of art history’s historical map, if they should become needed to teach the subject, ‘I should try to investigate with them what it was like to be an artist in the past, what tasks he had to perform and in what concrete contexts the works of art took shape which we still admire.’
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Semantic Systems, Discourse Structure, and the Ecology of Language. Working Papers in Sociolinguistics, No. 17.
- Author
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Southwest Educational Development Lab., Austin, TX. and Sherzer, Joel
- Abstract
This analysis seeks to link discourse structure and semantic or lexical systems. The example is given of a Cuna curing chant named "the way of the pepper," in which 53 names for pepper ("kapur") are used in a projection of a paradigmatic axis (the lexical taxonomy) onto a syntagmatic axis. A corollary of the principle of viewing discourse from this perspective is that uses of speech or discourse structures actually serve to define or elaborate certain linguistic sub-systems. This is termed "ecology of language." This and other examples suggest other areas for future research, namely the full range of principles by which paradigmatic systems are projected onto syntagmatic discourse structures, the relation of this principle to other basic principles, and the kinds of linguistic variation (phonological, or lexical, for example) manipulated in the process of discourse organization. (Author/AM)
- Published
- 1974
35. Verbal Art as Performance. Working Papers in Sociolinguistics, No. 18.
- Author
-
Southwest Educational Development Lab., Austin, TX. and Bauman, Richard
- Abstract
The purpose of this essay is to expand the conceptual content of folkloric performance as a communicative phenomenon, as spoken art. Performance is seen as representing an interpretive frame, whose nature may vary. This framing is accomplished through the use of culturally conventionalized metacommunication (communication about communication), which will vary from community to community; the task of ethnography of performance is to uncover these means. The metalanguage employed in the evaluation of performance, and the esthetic standards expressed therein, constitute another essential consideration in the ethnography of performance. The association of performance with particular genres is a significant aspect of the patterning of performance within communities. Another key aspect of performance systems is the manipulation of conventional systems to fashion novel ones. The emergent quality of performance resides in the interplay between communicative resources, individual competence, and the goals of the participants, within the context of particular situations. The three kinds of structure emergent in performance are text, event, and social structure. Finally, performance by its very nature has implications for the creation of social structure in performance. This final consideration opens the way to additional considerations concerning the role of the performer in society. (Author/AM)
- Published
- 1974
36. On the Nature of Interdisciplinary Linguistics. Lektos: Interdisciplinary Working Papers in Language Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 2.
- Author
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Louisville Univ., KY. Interdisciplinary Program in Linguistics. and St. Clair, Robert
- Abstract
The academic and administrative problems involved in the quest to integrate the language sciences are reviewed. It is claimed that the explanatory power of a truly interdisciplinary approach to language can only be achieved on a meta-paradigmatic level. This failure to consider the disparities in theoretical persuasions, it is noted, is a major factor in the demise of the task force approach to problem solving. Two meta-paradigmatic models are introduced and it is argued that the phenomenological approach to language research provides a basis for greater insights about the nature of language than the traditional positivistic model. What is significant about this investigation is that it not only advocates a more sophisticated analysis of the various schools of thought within the language sciences, but it also demonstrates the fact that discrepancies in language theory and practice can only come about if the various scholars of the language sciences are willing to make a concerted effort to transcend the traditional boundaries of their academic training by resolving language-related issues and sharing powerful insights within the broad dimension of interdisciplinary linguistics. (Author)
- Published
- 1975
37. Color Categories as Fuzzy Sets. Working Papers of the Language Behavior Research Laboratory. No. 44.
- Author
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California Univ., Berkeley. Language and Behavior Research Lab., Kay, Paul, and McDaniel, Chad K.
- Abstract
Since Berlin and Kay's proposal in 1969 of two universals concerning the meanings of basic color words, three kinds of information have become available to help in understanding the encoding sequence, that is, the temporal order in which the basic color categories are accorded lexical status. McDaniel (1972, 1974, forthcoming) demonstrates that the encoding sequence is best understood not as the successive encoding of foci, but as the successive differentiation of color categories. Field studies of the color systems of a Jivaroan, a Mayan, a Papuan, an Eskimo and three Austronesian languages have been critical in understanding the encoding sequence. Fuzzy set theory as developed by Zadeh (1965, 1971) provides a formalism for expressing the understanding of basic color categories. The present study brings together work by McDaniel, the field studies, and fuzzy set formalism. If a color category is viewed as a fuzzy set, vacillation between focus and boundary is avoided when discussing universal color categories, their interrelations, and the sequence in which they are encoded in evolving color lexicons. (CLK)
- Published
- 1975
38. UNIVERSALITY AND EVOLUTION OF BASIC COLOR TERMS. WORKING PAPER NUMBER 1.
- Author
-
California Univ., Berkeley. Language and Behavior Research Lab., BERLIN, BRENT, and KAY, PAUL
- Abstract
THE RESEARCH REPORTED IN THIS WORKING PAPER "STRONGLY INDICATES" THAT SEMANTIC UNIVERSALS HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED IN THE DOMAIN OF COLOR VOCABULARY. MOREOVER, THESE UNIVERSALS APPEAR TO BE RELATED TO THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ALL LANGUAGES IN A WAY THAT CAN PROPERLY BE TERMED EVOLUTIONARY. THE RESEARCH WAS CONDUCTED IN A GRADUATE SEMINAR GIVEN IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY. STUDENTS AND THE AUTHORS SYSTEMATICALLY COLLECTED DATA FROM SEVERAL INFORMANTS IN EACH OF SEVENTEEN LANGUAGES FROM A NUMBER OF UNRELATED LANGUAGE FAMILIES. AN ADDITIONAL THREE LANGUAGES WERE INVESTIGATED IN DETAIL AFTER THE ORIGINAL RESEARCH SEMINAR WAS COMPLETED. THESE MATERIALS FROM TWENTY LANGUAGES WERE SUPPLEMENTED BY COMPARATIVE DATA FROM THE LITERATURE, BRINGING THE SAMPLE OF LANGUAGES TO 80 REPRESENTING A WIDE VARIETY OF MAJOR LINGUISTIC STOCKS. THE SEMINAR WAS DESIGNED AS AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF THE FOLLOWING, LOOSELY STATED HYPOTHESIS--THE PREVAILING DOCTRINE OF AMERICAN LINGUISTS AND ANTHROPOLOGISTS HAS, IN THIS CENTURY, BEEN THAT OF EXTREME LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY. PROPONENTS OF THIS VIEW FREQUENTLY OFFER AS A PARADIGM EXAMPLE THE ALLEGED TOTAL SEMANTIC ARBITRARINESS OF THE LEXICAL CODING OF COLOR. THE AUTHORS FEEL THAT THIS ALLEGATION OF "TOTAL ARBITRARINESS" IN THE WAY LANGUAGES SEGMENT THE COLOR SPACE IS A "GROSS OVERSTATEMENT." THEIR HYPOTHESIS WAS BASED ON INTUITIVE EXPERIENCE IN SEVERAL LANGUAGES OF THREE UNRELATED MAJOR STOCKS. THEIR FEELING WAS THAT COLOR WORDS TRANSLATED RATHER TOO EASILY AMONG VARIOUS PAIRS OF UNRELATED LANGUAGES FOR THE EXTREME LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY THESIS TO BE VALID. THEIR RESULTS SUPPORT THE ABOVE HYPOTHESIS AND CAST DOUBT ON THE COMMONLY HELD BELIEF THAT EACH LANGUAGE SEGMENTS THE THREE DIMENSIONAL COLOR CONTINUUM ARBITRARILY AND INDEPENDENTLY. THEY SUGGEST THAT ALTHOUGH DIFFERENT LANGUAGES ENCODE IN THEIR LEXICONS DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF BASIC COLOR CATEGORIES, THERE EXISTS UNIVERSALLY A TOTAL INVENTORY OF 11 BASIC COLOR CATEGORIES FROM WHICH THE 11 OR FEWER BASIC COLOR TERMS OF ANY GIVEN LANGUAGE ARE ALWAYS DRAWN--THESE CATEGORIES BEING WHITE, BLACK, RED, GREEN, YELLOW, BLUE, BROWN, PINK, ORANGE, AND GREY. (AMM)
39. Paper-Based Biosensor System for Fast and Sensitive Phenolic Compounds Detection
- Author
-
Nımet YILDIRIM TİRGİL
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Materials Science, Biomaterials ,Linguistics and Language ,History ,Anthropology ,Chemistry, Analytical ,Malzeme Bilimleri, Biyomalzemeler ,Biyoteknoloji ,Biosensors,Food quality,Paper-based sensor,Phenol detection ,Kimya, Analitik ,Language and Linguistics ,Biotechnology - Abstract
In this original paper, the development of a paper-based, sensitive, low-cost, quantitative and consistent biosensor system was demonstrated for the suitable “naked-eye” detection of phenolic compounds (specifical catechol). The Paper-based system depends on the enzymatic color-changing reaction that observed by using chromogenic agent of 4-AAP (4-aminoantipyrine) which has a specific color changing reaction in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme, phenol and H2O2. The visual result was associated with the catechol concentration by using image processing software to evaluate the quantitative detection. The developed biosensor system demonstrated a linear detection range from catechol between 2,5 µM to 100 µM with 2.6% to 9.3 % of sd results. The detection limit was also calculated as 2,25 µM. Specificity, selectivity, stability and direct real sample analysis demonstrated the potential applicability of the developed paper-based biosensor system for catechol detection in food samples with minimal investment and an easy-to-use method.
- Published
- 2022
40. Can Anthropology Revolutionize Public School Curriculum? A Position Paper on the Emerging Role of Anthropology in Education.
- Author
-
Dynneson, Thomas L.
- Abstract
Anthropology has the potential to influence and change current patterns of curriculum organization in the public schools. Assuming that secondary schools isolate and compartmentalize knowledge, that history dominates the social studies/social sciences to the detriment of the field, that anthropology incorporates specialists from many disciplines to solve specialized problems, then, anthropology appears as a natural "core" and opportunity for reorganization of the social studies curriculum. During the 60's many anthropologists became concerned about education and worked to develop curriculum materials. Anthropology answers the felt need for interdisciplinary education; moreover, the anthropologist's approach to studying cultural systems might be usefully applied to pedagogical problems. Anthropology, open to numerous levels of intellectual attack, is not a panecea for curriculum problems; it is a controversial discipline for which qualified teachers and adequate instructional materials are still lacking. Nevertheless, as a core for social studies curriculum it can facilitate activity learning, allow for instruction of social sciences methodology within its specific framework, and integrate the social sciences. (JH)
- Published
- 1973
41. The Yanomamo on Film and Paper.
- Author
-
Hearne, Thomas and Devore, Paul
- Abstract
Two teaching experiments were conducted relating to the relative effectiveness of anthropological films versus reading of literature as means of conveying anthropological information to college students and of influencing their attitudes toward other societies. In one, a student group viewed films about the Netsilik Indians, one read literature, and two did both. The group receiving both treatments scored significantly higher on tests designed to measure cognitive knowledge of the topic under consideration. In the second experiment, one group read assigned literature about the Yanomamo tribe while another read the same material and viewed films. Post-experimental essays revealed that the group which received the combined instruction had the greater knowledge of facts, but also that, contrary to expectations, viewing the films did not change student attitudes toward primitive societies as much as it reinforced their previous stereotypes about those societies. Thus, it was concluded that the combination of films plus reading was effective in increasing factual knowledge, but that the films did not change student attitudes in the desired direction--i.e., toward a less enthnocentric point of view. (PB)
- Published
- 1973
42. Ethnocentrism, Education, and Anthropology: A Preliminary Report. Working Paper No. 127-72.
- Author
-
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL. Graduate School of Management. and Gilfillan, David P.
- Abstract
A large-scale study of the relationship between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism was made to evaluate the effects of an anthropology curriculum on students' levels of ethnocentrism. Its hypothesis is that ethnocentrism is modified by studying anthropology and, to a lesser extent, other social sciences. The design, execution, and analysis of the study of ethnocentrism in high school students from a Chicago suburb are described as modified by the school's environment. Pre- and posttests were administered to 352 male and female subjects in the 10th, 11th, and 12th grades during the 1969-70 school year. The study has both theoretical and applied characteristics, which are derived from its goals--course evaluation, measurement scale methodological innovation, measurement instrument development, and substantive clarification--and it has both virtues and faults from using naturally occurring groups to obtain a "normal" sample. Two new measures of ethnocentrism were developed; therefore, an investigation of the intercorrelation of these measures, three accepted measures, and related concepts is proposed. Questionnaires used in this study are included in appendixes. (Author/ND)
- Published
- 1972
43. Technology and Rural Elderly Loneliness. Thinking About Analog Solutions for the Community
- Author
-
Rivero Jiménez, Borja, Conde Caballero, David, Muñoz González, Beatriz, Mariano Juárez, Lorenzo, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Kotenko, Igor, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Editorial Board Member, García-Alonso, José, editor, and Fonseca, César, editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Technology for Anthropological Research. Feedelio: An Application for Food and Nutrition Studies
- Author
-
Rivero Jiménez, Borja, Jesús-Azabal, Manuel, Conde Caballero, David, Beatriz, Muñoz González, Mariano Juárez, Lorenzo, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Kotenko, Igor, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Editorial Board Member, García-Alonso, José, editor, and Fonseca, César, editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Biographies of Port Said: Everydayness of State, Dwellers, and Strangers : Cairo Papers in Social Science Vol. 36, No. 1
- Author
-
Mohie, Mostafa and Mohie, Mostafa
- Published
- 2021
46. [Old & new facts about human phylogeny; remarks on H. Weinert's paper].
- Author
-
HEBERER G
- Subjects
- Humans, Anthropology, Genetics, Paper, Phylogeny
- Published
- 1957
47. Loneliness and Aging. Do Public Policies Dream of Technological Solutions?
- Author
-
Rivero Jiménez, Borja, Conde Caballero, David, Muñoz González, Beatriz, García Perales, Nuria, Calderón García, Julián F., Mariano Juárez, Lorenzo, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Editorial Board Member, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Kotenko, Igor, Editorial Board Member, Yuan, Junsong, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, García-Alonso, José, editor, and Fonseca, César, editor
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Feasibility and effectiveness of electronic vs. paper partograph on improving birth outcomes: A prospective crossover study design.
- Author
-
Rahman, Aminur, Begum, Tahmina, Ashraf, Fatema, Akhter, Sadika, Hoque, Dewan Md. Emdadul, Ghosh, Tarun Kanti, Rahman, Monjur, Stekelenburg, Jelle, Das, Sumon Kumar, Fatima, Parveen, and Anwar, Iqbal
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRONIC paper , *MIDDLE-income countries , *LONGITUDINAL method , *CHILDBIRTH , *LOW-income countries , *CHILDBIRTH at home - Abstract
Background: The partograph has been endorsed by World Health Organization (WHO) since 1994 which presents an algorithm for assessing maternal and foetal conditions and labor progression. Monitoring labour with a partograph can reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes such as prolonged labor, emergency C-sections, birth asphyxia and stillbirths. However, partograph use is still very low, particularly in low and middle income countries (LMICs). In Bangladesh the reported partograph user rate varies from 1.4% to 33.0%. Recently, an electronic version of the partograph, with the provision of online data entry and user aid for emergency clinical support, has been tested successfully in different settings. With this proven evidence, we conducted and operations research to test the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing an e-partograph, for the first time, in 2 public hospitals in Bangladesh Methods: We followed a prospective crossover design. Two secondary level referral hospitals, Jessore and Kushtia District Hospital (DH) were the study sites. All pregnant women who delivered in the study hospitals were the study participants. All nurse-midwives working in the labor ward of study hospitals were trained on appropriate use of both types of partograph along with standard labour management guidelines. Collected quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS 23 statistical software. Discrete variables were expressed as percentages and presented as frequency distribution and cross tabulations. Chi square tests were employed to test the association between exposure and outcome variables. Potential confounding factors were adjusted using multivariate binary logistic regression methods. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board of the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b). Findings: In total 2918 deliveries were conducted at Jessore DH and 2312 at Kushtia DH during one-year study period. Of them, 1012 (506 in each facility) deliveries were monitored using partograph (paper or electronic). The trends of facility based C-section rates was downwards in both the hospitals; 43% to 37% in Jessore and from 36% to 25% in Kushtia Hospital. There was a significant reduction of prolonged labour with e-partograph use. In Kushtia DH, the prolonged labour rate was 42% during phase 1 with the paper version which came down to 29% during phase-2 with the e-partograph use. The similar result was observed in Jessore DH where the prolonged labour rate reduced to 7% with paper partograph from the reported 30% prolonged labour with e-partograph. The e-partograph user rate was higher than the paper partograph during both phases (phase 1: 3.31, CI: 2.04–5.38, p < .001 and in phase 2: 15.20 CI: 6.36–36.33, p < .001) after adjusting for maternal age, parity, gestational age, religion, mother’s education, husband’s education, and fetal sex Conclusion: The partograph user rate has significantly improved with the e- partograph and was associated with an overall reduction in cesarean births. Use of the e-partograph was also associated with reduced rates of prolonged labour. This study has added to the growing body of evidence on the positive impact of e-partograph use. We recommend implementing e-partograph intervention at scale in both public and private hospitals in Bangladesh. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Call for Papers
- Author
-
Martha E. Mantilla
- Subjects
Anthropology ,GN1-890 ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 - Abstract
n/a
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. On Friendship between the No Longer and the Not Yet: An Ethnographic Account : Cairo Papers in Social Science Vol. 35, No. 4
- Author
-
Mohsen, Soha and Mohsen, Soha
- Published
- 2020
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