1. Molecular Mechanisms of Astaxanthin as a Potential Neurotherapeutic Agent.
- Author
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Bahbah EI, Ghozy S, Attia MS, Negida A, Emran TB, Mitra S, Albadrani GM, Abdel-Daim MM, Uddin MS, and Simal-Gandara J
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacokinetics, Humans, Nerve Degeneration, Nervous System Diseases pathology, Nervous System Diseases physiopathology, Neurons pathology, Neuroprotective Agents pharmacokinetics, Xanthophylls pharmacokinetics, Xanthophylls pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Nervous System Diseases drug therapy, Neurons drug effects, Neuroprotective Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
Neurological disorders are diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system that affect millions of people, and the numbers are rising gradually. In the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, the roles of many signaling pathways were elucidated; however, the exact pathophysiology of neurological disorders and possible effective therapeutics have not yet been precisely identified. This necessitates developing multi-target treatments, which would simultaneously modulate neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The present review aims to explore the potential therapeutic use of astaxanthin (ASX) in neurological and neuroinflammatory diseases. ASX, a member of the xanthophyll group, was found to be a promising therapeutic anti-inflammatory agent for many neurological disorders, including cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, autism, and neuropathic pain. An effective drug delivery system of ASX should be developed and further tested by appropriate clinical trials.
- Published
- 2021
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