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The crude extract isolated from the visceral mass of Anadara granosa, an intertidal bivalve mollusc was tested for inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria of the shrimp and fish viz. Vibrio harveyi and Staphylococcus aureus respectively by agar well diffusion and contact bioautography methods. Maximum inhibitory activity was shown against V. harveyi by methanol and chloroform (9:1) extract. Twelve fractions (1–12) could be separated from the crude extract through column chromatography. Five out of twelve fractions (7, 8, 9, 10, and 11) showed antibacterial activity and they were further run on column chromatography for purity. The fraction no. 9 showed highest antibacterial activity among the five and was subjected to NMR for the proton, C13 and H1–H1 correlation, IR and mass spectral analysis for structural elucidation. Structure of the compound isolated from fraction no: 9 was determined as 1-(((2Z, 4Z)-dodeca2,4-dienoyl)oxy)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl tetradecanoate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, efficient, ecofriendly, and cost-effective method has been developed for the synthesis of 16 spiropyrazolo pyrimidine derivatives (5a–5p) by a four-component, one-pot reaction of pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 3-oxo-3-phenylpropanenitrile, hydrazine, and isatins (4a–4f) by using nanocopper ferrite catalyst (20 mol%) in water with excellent yields (73–91%). The isatin with electron-withdrawing groups gave products in high yields (5hand5p). The present methodology offers an environmentally benign, cost-effective, high-yielding method with recyclable catalyst. The drug likeness or “drugability” of all the synthesized compounds were tested through rule of five (RO5) parameters. Compounds5f, 5h, 5n, and5phave shown one RO5 violation each. The compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria wherein two of the synthesized compounds were found to possess significant antibacterial activity. Compounds showing RO5 violations had negligible antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

• Ag 2 O NPs were synthesized by greener method using Zephyrathes Rosea flower extract. • Optical absorption peak of Ag 2 O NPs was observed at 420 nm and the band gap energy was 2.48 eV. • Ag 2 O NPs has spherical morphology with particle size in the range of 10−30 nm. • It is found that, Ag 2 O NPs exhibits very good anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory activities. Bio-nanotechnology is an effective technique for the synthesis of nanoparticles in a greener approach without affecting the environment. The present research provides the in-vitro synthesis of Zephyranthes Rosea flower extract substituted silver oxide nanoparticles by a greener approach for the first time. The formation of the face centered cubic structure of Ag 2 O NPs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis to confirm the chemical states and purity of Ag and O. The optical absorption peak of the nanoparticle was found to be at 420 nm and optical emission peaks were observed at 412 nm, 485 nm, and 530 nm. The bandgap energy of the Ag 2 O NPs was found to be 2.48 eV. The morphology of the nanoparticles was found to be spherical with the particle size about 10−30 nm and the lattice inter-planar spacing was found to be 0.222 nm. Ag 2 O NPs Zephyranthes Rosea were found to be a potential candidate for the antibacterial activity against the strains of E scherichia coli , Streptococcus mutants, and Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant activity of Ag 2 O NPs was found to be 73.82 % at 100 μg/mL with the standard drug of ascorbic acid. The anti-inflammatory activity of the Ag 2 O NPs was found to be 97.19 % at 500 μg/mL using the BSA denaturation technique. The anti-diabetic activity of the Ag 2 O NPs was tested by α-amylase assay and the inhibition percentage was found to be 75.7 % at 500 μg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]