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[Display omitted] Open wounds are susceptible to bacterial infections, and antibiotics are commonly used to treat these infections. However, widespread use of antibiotics will easily induce bacterial resistance. Green antibacterial agents serve as excellent alternative for antibiotics in infection therapy. In this work, polydopamine (PDA) was used to modify the surface of ZIF-8, which not only enhances the water stability of Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8) but also improves its photocatalytic and photothermal capabilities. ZIF-8@PDA was incorporated into carboxylated chitosan (CCS) films as an antibacterial agent, the resulting ZIF-8@PDA-CCS films exhibit excellent ionic/photocatalytic/photothermal antibacterial performance. The film exhibited an impressive 99% in vitro bacterial inhibition rate. After treatment with ZIF-8@PDA-CCS, the bacteria in infected wounds can be completely suppressed. These findings suggest that ZIF-8@PDA-CCS could serve as a potentional antibacterial dressing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To combine the activity characteristics of 18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid (18β‐GA) and anthraquinone compounds (rhein and emodin), reduce toxicity, and explore the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of anthraquinones, 18β‐GA‐anthraquinone ester compounds were synthesized by one‐step organic synthesis. The products were separated and purified by HPLC and characterized by NMR and EI‐MS. It was finally determined as di‐18β‐GA‐3‐rhein ester (1, New), GA dimer (2, known), 18β‐GA‐3‐emodin ester (3, known), and di‐18β‐GA‐1‐emodin ester (4, new). The MIC of three reactants and four products against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in vitro. Its developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity were assessed using zebrafish embryos. The experimental results showed that rhein had the best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC50 of 2.4 mM, and it was speculated that –COOH, –OH, and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in anthraquinone compounds would enhance the antibacterial effect, while the presence of‐CH3 might weaken the antibacterial activity. Product 1 increased the hatching rate and survival rate of zebrafish embryos and reduced the malformation rate and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This experiment lays the foundation for further studying the SAR of anthraquinones and providing new drug candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vitro evaluation method was used to study the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of extracts of Rhizoma imperataein in oral care products. Water, 50% ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone and petroleum ether were used as solvents to extract Rhizoma imperatae, which was added to the toothpaste of silica system. The periodontitis model of 20 5-week-old SD rats was established by "cutting the gum+wire ligation+drop into the bacterial culture of periodontitis patients+feeding with high sugar sticky food". The effects of extract from Rhizoma imperatae on periodontal pathogens Actinobacteria Aa, Porphyromonas gingivalis Pg, Fusobacterium nucleatum Fn, Puccinia intermedia Pi, Selenium class standard bacteria Tf, Puccinia melanogenes Pn, peripheral blood, inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid C-reactive protein CRP, tumor necrosis factor-α TNF-α, interleukin-1β IL-1β, interleukin-6 IL-6, prostaglandin E2 PGE2, and periodontal health indicators Plaque index PLI, depth of exploration PD, bleeding index BI of the rat periodontitis model were determined, and the acute oral toxicity experiment in mice was used to verify the safety of the extracts of Rhizoma imperatae used in oral care products. The results show that the extracts of Rhizoma imperatae can significantly reduce Aa, Pg, Fn, Pi, Tf, Pn, and reduce the expression of CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2. It has the activity of inhibiting periodontal pathogens, resisting periodontal inflammation, improving periodontal health, and is safe and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant essential oils are widely used in food, medicine, cosmetics, and other fields because of their bacteriostatic properties and natural sources. However, the bacteriostatic range of unilateral essential oils is limited, and compound essential oil has become an effective way to improve the antibacterial properties of unilateral essential oils. In this study, based on the analysis of the antibacterial properties of Chinese cinnamon bark oil and oregano oil, the proportion and concentration of the compound essential oil were optimized and designed, and the antibacterial activity of the compound essential oil was studied. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of Chinese cinnamon bark oil was higher than that of oregano oil. The compound essential oil prepared by a 1:1 ratio of Chinese cinnamon bark oil and oregano oil with a concentration of 156.25 ppm showed an excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The GC-MS results showed that cinnamaldehyde was the main antibacterial component of Chinese cinnamon bark essential oil, and carvacrol and thymol in oregano oil were the main antibacterial components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study was to enrich the control measures of Elizabethkingia miricola EMI and screen the strains with antagonistic effect on Elizabethkingia. The EMI antagonism was isolated by dilution coating method. Morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis were used to determine the classification status of the isolated strain LM-7. To study the optimal bacteriostatic conditions and active substances of antagonistic strain LM-7 against EMI. The results showed that LM-7 belonged to Streptomyces antibioticus which had the best antibacterial effect on EMI in PDA medium, the ratio of circle and diameter was 11.13. LM-7 contained polyketide synthase genes PKS-I and PKS-II and non-ribosomal peptide synthase genes NRPS, the antibacterial active components were related to non-ribosomal peptides and polyketide secondary metabolites, and its antibacterial activity mainly existed in the exocytic secretion of cells. The study indicates that strain LM-7 can be used as a candidate strain for EMI control, and its fermentation broth has the potential to study and develop novel structurally active compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rutin possesses a wide range of application prospects with various bioactivities. However, its bitter and water-insoluble properties restrict its application in the field of functional foods. A new complex of rutin and chitooligosaccharide (Rutin-COS) was prepared via spray-drying method (100 °C, 1 L/h) and freeze-drying method (-80 °C, 24 h), respectively. The water solubility, bitterness, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Rutin-COS were evaluated, and the complexation of Rutin-COS was characterized by SEM, 1H-NMR and ROESY. Compared to freeze-drying method, spray-drying method was more effective for preparing stable Rutin-COS complex. The spray-dried Rutin-COS showed increased water solubility, weakened bitterness, enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activity compared to rutin. The Rutin-COS complex was demonstrated to be formed through hydrogen bonds between the A, B rings of rutin and COS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plasticizing and antibacterial effects of ionic liquids (ILs) in the preparation of tapioca starch-IL films were studied for the first time. 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]) caused complete disruption of starch crystallites during thermal compression, while some crystallites remained after the plasticization of starch with choline acetate ([Ch][OAc]). Compared to native tapioca starch (NTS), the plasticization of acetylated tapioca starch (ATS) and cross-linked tapioca (CTS) was slightly promoted and inhibited, respectively. Starch-[Emim][OAc] films exhibited higher hydrophobicity and mechanical properties but lower antibacterial activity than starch-[Ch][OAc] films. CTS-[Ch][OAc] films presented higher mechanical strength and antibacterial activity than NTS-[Ch][OAc] and ATS-[Ch][OAc] films. From this study, we conclude that ILs can be used in the preparation of antibacterial starch films to play the roles of plasticization and antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of starch films depends on types of ILs and their interactions with starch during film preparation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Implantable polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has great biomedical potential as hard tissue substitute in orthopedic application due to its outstanding mechanical properties and excellent biological stability. However, the poor osseointegration and bacteriostatic ability of implantable PEEK become the major barrier for its wide clinic application. In this study, a hierarchically micro/nano-topographic PEEK with specific functional groups (amino and COOH/COOR) has been fabricated using facile sulfonation combined with argon plasma treatment. The new developed hierarchically micro/nano-topographic PEEK have enhanced hydrophilicity, surface roughness, as well as the high ability of apatite-layer forming. Antibacterial assessment shows that as-treated samples exhibit better antibacterial activity. The cellular responses in osteoblast-like MG-63 cells culturing experiment reveal that the micro/nano-topography accompanied with specific functional groups improves the cell adhesion at the initial stage, further ameliorates proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MG-63. This study proposes a promising approach to increase osteodifferentiation activity and bacteriostasis of PEEK via synergistic effects involving surface topologic structure and chemical modification, which shows great potential in developing advanced implantable materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This study aimed to reveal the therapeutic mechanism of compound sarcandra aerosol, which was exclusively owned by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine. [Method] An inflammation model was established by xylene-induced inflammation test and carrageenaninduced inflammation test to analyze the anti-inflammatory effect of compound sarcandra aerosol. By bacteriostasis test in vitro, the antibacterial effect of compound sarcandra aerosol against five common pathogens of pharyngitis was investigated.Blood samples were collected from Wistar rats in different compound sarcandra aerosol groups and control group to compare blood routine indicators and interleukin-1(IL-1) levels. [Result] T hree different concentrations of compound sarcandra aerosol could reduce degrees of xylene-induced ear edema in mice and carrageenaninduced paw edema in rats, but the anti-inflammatory effect of compound sarcandra aerosol was reduced as the concentration declined. In bacteriostasis test in vitro, the minimum inhibitory concentration of compound sarcandra aerosol against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus hemolytis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium was 76, 105 38, 65 and 30 mg/ml, respectively. Compound sarcandra aerosol reduced white blood cell count, neutrophil count and lymphocyte percentage in pharyngitis model rats. Moreover, interleukin-1 level in watermelon frost lozenge group and different compound sarcandra aerosol groups was lower compared with control group. [Conclusion] Compound sarcandra aerosol can effectively treat pharyngitis by exerting anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect and reducing interleukin-1 level. This study laid a solid foundation for clinical application of compound sarcandra aerosol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With fresh-cut grass carp belly as the test material, the antibacterial conditions of a disinfection agent sodium hypochlorite were optimized. In addition, the shelf lives of various grass carp products were compared after disinfection, so as to provide certain basis for the processing of fresh-cut grass carp products. The results showed that the optimal disinfection conditions of sodium hypochlorite were as follows: concentration 300 mg/L, soak time 5 min and solid-liquid ratio 1 g : 5 ml. Under the optimal disinfection conditions, the inhibition rates of total bacteria and Pseudomonas reached 83% and 81%, respectively. The shelf life of refrigerated fresh-cut grass carp belly disinfected by sodium hypochlorite and packed in bag filled with gases could be extended as long as 11 d, which was increased by 5 d (83% ) compared with that in the control group. The disinfection by sodium hypochlorite could significantly reduce the initial bacterial colony number and improve the sensory quality of fresh-cut grass carp belly, as well as extend the shelf life of refrigerated and modified gas-packed grass carp belly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone tissue scaffolds based on bioactive polymer-hydroxyapatite composites have caused infections that seriously limit their extended application. In this study, we proposed a practical ion substitution method to synthesize in situ silver phosphate on the surface of a two-level, three-dimensional chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffold. A release test of silver ions in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution was performed to demonstrate that silver ions were released continuously from the silver phosphate during the initial 6 days of the study. The antibacterial property and cytocompatibility of the scaffolds treated with different concentrations of silver nitrate solution were assessed by in vitro assays with Escherichia coli and MC3T3-E1, respectively. The ability of the silver-containing scaffolds to induce bacteriostasis was confirmed by the inhibition zone (15 mm) and high bactericidal rate (>99 %). Cell proliferation, morphology and the alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3-E1 cultured on the scaffold with low silver phosphate contents were comparable with those cultured on control samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel graphene oxide-balofloxacin nanocomposite was synthesized, and the loading and release behavior of fluorescent antibacterial balofloxacin on graphene oxide was investigated. The surface morphologies of the nanocomposite were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy, and the amount of balofloxacin loaded on graphene oxide reached 160.3 mg/g at the initial balofloxacin concentration of 8.51 µg/ml. The graphene oxide and balofloxacin nanocomposite showed the advantage of a longer release time than many current developed nanoscaled drug carriers, which was probably due to the hydrogen bonding interaction between graphene oxide and balofloxacin. The study of the release liquid ofe. coliin vitro bacteriostasis suggests that the graphene oxide-balofloxacin nanocomposite has a superior effect againste. coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Bostrycin, a red antibacterial agent with tetrahydroanthraquinone structure, has been isolated from Nigrospora sp. No. 407. This study investigated the potential antibacterial and multifunctional properties of matrixes through immobilization of bostrycin on their surface for immobilization of protein and prevention of bacterial growth. Bostrycin was immobilized on nonwoven polypropylene (PP) fabric by a technique using glutaraldehyde and polyethyleneimine for the activation of the surface. Glucose oxidase immobilized on bostrycin-treated nonwoven PP fabric showed high activity. The immobilization process improved thermal stability of the enzymes. During repeated assay for 30 cycles, the enzyme activity dropped to only 70% of the initial activity. Both bostrycin-treated nonwoven PP fabric sample and subsequently immobilized glucose oxidase sample on the surface also still exhibited a bacteriostatic effect. This is the first study to show that bostrycin is a promising coupling agent for surface modification on matrix and its potential applications in protein immobilization and biomaterial-centered infection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Schiff''s base of chitosan (BCTS) was obtained by the reaction of chitosan (CTS) and benzaldehyde. Then BCTS reacted with acyl chloride which was synthesized by p-aminobenzoic acid and thionyl chloride to get N-benzoyl-O-aminobenzoyl chitosan ester (BABCTSE), removing the groups of amino protection of BABCTSE to get the final product (ABCTSE). The structures of the derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. The elemental analysis results indicated that the degrees of substitution (DS) of the products were 16.8% and 40.4%. The synthesized compounds exhibited an excellent solubility in organic solvents. TG and DTG results showed that thermal stability of the derivatives was lower than that of chitosan. In addition, the existence of two different amido in the molecular structures contributed to forming more –NH3 + in the acid solution which could make the derivatives have a greater advantage in the field of bacteriostasis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Nanocomposites from a polyester-type waterborne polyurethane (PU) containing various low concentrations (15–75 ppm) of silver nanoparticles (nano Ag, size ∼5 nm) were prepared. The PU–Ag nanocomposites exhibited good nanoparticle dispersion up to 30 ppm of nano Ag, confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy. Distinct surface morphology at different concentrations of nano Ag was shown by the atomic force microscopy. The oxidative degradation of PU–Ag was inhibited in all concentrations of nano Ag tested, especially at 30 ppm (“PU–Ag 30 ppm”). This may be related to the free radical scavenging ability observed for the nanocomposites. PU–Ag 30 ppm showed enhanced fibroblast attachment and endothelial cell response, as well as reduced monocyte and platelet activation, relative to PU alone or nanocomposites at the other silver contents. The rat subcutaneous implantation confirmed the better biocompatibility of the nanocomposites. The adhesion of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia (E.) coli or Ag+-resistant E. coli on PU–Ag nanocomposites was significantly lower at all concentrations of nano Ag tested. Besides, the nanocomposites demonstrated microbiostatic effect while pure PU did not. The commercial catheters coated with PU–Ag 30 ppm were inserted into rat jugular veins for evaluation. The results showed milder inflammation for PU–Ag after 3 months compared to the non-coated catheters or pure PU-coated catheters. The enhanced performance of PU–Ag over that of pure PU was a result of extensively modified surface morphology in the presence of a very small amount of nano Ag. The dispersion of nano Ag was highly associated with the overall performance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Based on the microbial model ( Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and the experiment of mouse carbon granular clearance, the relationship between antibacterial and immunological activities of houttuyfonate (HOU) homologues and their surface activities were studied. The results showed that with elongating the carbon chain of HOU homologues, the surface activities and bacteriostasis and immunological activities would be increased. It is suggested that the pharmacological effect of HOU homologues could be realized by the hydrophobic interaction between HOU homologues and membrane proteins of bacteria and cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PATE4/SVS7 is a novel antibacterial protein contained in the seminal plasma. • This protein belongs to TFP/Ly-6/uPAR family that includes snake venom polypeptides. • This protein is bacteriostatic and potentially works in reproductive tracts. In both men and women, pathogenic bacteria enter the reproductive tract and cause harmful symptoms. Intrauterine and oviductal inflammation after copulation may have severe effects, such as infertility, implantation failure, oviduct obstruction, and robust life-threatening bacterial infection. Human seminal plasma is considered to be protective against bacterial infection. Among its components, Semenogelin-I/-II proteins are digested to function as bactericidal factors; however, their sequences are not conserved in mammals. Therefore, alternative antibacterial (bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic) systems may exist across mammals. In this study, we examined the antibacterial activity in the seminal plasma of mice lacking a gene cluster encoding Semenogelin-I/-II counterparts. Even in the absence of the majority of seminal proteins, antibacterial activity remained in the seminal plasma. Moreover, a combination of gel chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the prostate and testis expressed 4 protein as a novel antibacterial (specifically, bacteriostatic) protein, the sequence of which is broadly conserved across mammals. Our results provide the first evidence of a bacteriostatic protein that is widely present in the mammalian seminal plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Zn content of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings for titanium on the cytoactivity of osteoblast cells (MG63) which are responsible for human bone formation and on the bacteriostasis to Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) which causes tooth plaque. According to Zn concentration in electrolytes, treated samples were divided into four groups: low-, medium-, high-, and no-Zn group as control. Surface morphology and chemical composition of the coatings were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), profilometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). On the coating surface, the proliferation and ALP activity of MG63s and the bacteriostatic ability to S. mutans were assayed. The results showed that pore size and surface roughness of the coatings increased with the increased Zn incorporation. XPS analysis revealed that Zn content in low-, medium- and high-Zn coatings were 0.199at.%, 0.574at.%, and 1.995at.%, respectively. The MG63s cultured on low-Zn coating exhibited the best activity of proliferation and differentiation, followed by medium-Zn and control group, while the cytoactivity of osteoblast cells on high-Zn coating was inhibited. Among the four coatings, the high-Zn one showed the best bacteriostasis to S. mutans. The cytoactivity of MG63s was promoted as the Zn content of the coatings decreased, whereas the bacteriostasis was enhanced as the Zn content increased. It indicated that an environment with relatively low Zn content might be beneficial to the proliferation of osteoblast cells; on the contrary, the one with higher Zn content might be much effective in bacteriostatic property to S. mutans. From this study, the Zn content range of the MAO coating, from 0.199at.% to 0.574at.%, may be beneficial to balance both the cytoactivity of osteoblast cells and the bacteriostasis to S. mutans. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]