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Despite the global economic development, diarrhoea remains an important health concern worldwide. The epidemiological importance of Shigella spp. infections is very high, being the leading cause of bacterial diarrhoea. Clinically, shigellosis can manifest as watery diarrhoea or dysentery, with bloody stool, accompanied by fever and abdominal pain. Children and the elderly are most susceptible to developing severe forms. In this review, we highlight the rise of antibiotic-resistant Shigella spp. strains and provide an overview of recent shigellosis outbreaks. Shigellosis is an infectious disease that should not be neglected, as evidenced by the many outbreaks reported throughout the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of excessive, often abusive use of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents, further studies are needed to elucidate to what extent this problem is present in our country, followed by the development of a program to prevent and control the extension of this damaging, worrisome phenomenon, damaging both for the patient and for public health and healthcare system in general. There are recommendations on how these therapeutic resources should be properly utilized. However, noting that recommendations are rarely respected and given the fact that replacing drugs that can be "lost" due to the increase in microbial resistance requires on average two decades of study, we support the view of personalities in the field regarding a possible solution: avoiding errors most commonly encountered in the practice of antibiotic therapy. We presented some suggestive examples in this regard and we recommend the study of the bibliographic resources on the bases of which we wrote this material and that the concepts be applied in everyday practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance is a growing phenomenon and a cause of global concern due to the widespread use and misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals. The main goal of this study is the identification of risk factors for infection with resistant bacteria. Materials and methods. A number of 61 patients were enrolled in this study and their charts were analyzed regarding their history of chronic disease, immunosuppression or prior antibiotic use. Results. Odds ratio for each potential risk factor was analyzed and the values of p and confidence interval were calculated using Fisher's t test. Discussions. Prior antibiotic use appears to be a risk factor for both resistant and multi-drug resistant bacteria infection, a finding which is in concordance with existing literature and fundamental research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a growing public health problem worldwide. Infections with such bacteria lead to longer hospitalization times, higher healthcare costs and greater morbidity and mortality. Thus, there is a greater need for rapid detection methods in order to limit their spread. The ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) are a series of epidemiologically-important microorganisms of great concern due to their high levels of resistance. This review aimed to update the background information on the ESKAPE pathogens as well as to provide a summary of the numerous phenotypic and molecular methods used to detect their AMR mechanisms. While they are usually linked to hospital acquired infections, AMR is also spreading in the veterinary and the environmental sectors. Yet, the epidemiological loop closes with patients which, when infected with such pathogens, often lack therapeutic options. Thus, it was aimed to give the article a One Health perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]