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• Biochar improved the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of antibiotic residues. • BC and nZVI-BC increased the gas production efficiency by 20.75% and 15.50%, respectively. • The effect of nZVI-BC was greater than BC in reducing ammonia nitrogen content. • nZVI-BC significantly enhanced the removal of aad A, ant (2″)-Ⅰ, qacEdelta 1 and sul 1. To address the problem of antibiotic mycelial dreg (AMD) treatment and removal of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), this study adopted anaerobic digestion (AD) technology, and added biochar (BC) and biochar loaded with nanosized zero-valent iron (nZVI-BC) to promote the AD of AMD and enhance the removal of ARGs. Results showed that nZVI-BC was better than BC in promoting AD due to the hydrogen evolution corrosion and the synergistic effect of nZVI and BC. In addition, BC and nZVI-BC can enhance the oxidative stress response and reduce ammonia stress phenomenon, which significantly reduces the abundance of aad A, ant(2″) -Ⅰ, qacEdelta 1 and sul 1. In conclusion, the enhance effect of nZVI-BC is greater than BC. The removal efficiency rates of nZVI-BC on the above-mentioned four ARGs were improved by 33%, 9%, 24% and 11%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the complexity of traditional cobalt phosphide (Co 2 P) loaded biochar synthesis research on a simple and efficient synthesis method has practical significance. In this study, after phosphoric acid activation, Neosinocalamus affinis biochar (NAB) and nanoplate Co 3 O 4 quickly formed a Co 2 P-NAB composite material with high Co 2 P crystallinity and was uniformly dispersed on the surface of NAB in a microwave reactor. Co 2 P-NAB has an excellent catalytic degradation effect in the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade tetracycline (TC). The optimal TC degradation efficiency was achieved with the addition of 50 mg L−1 TC concentration, 0.2 g L−1 catalysts, 0.406 mM PMS and pH = 6.02. In addition, according to the pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant calculation, the composite of Co 2 P-NAB and PMS the synergy efficiency is 81.55 %. Compared with Co 2 P-NAB (10.83 %) and PMS (7.62 %) alone, the Co 2 P-NAB/PMS system has a significant promotion effect on the degradation of TC molecules. Additionally, the Co 2 P-NAB/PMS system had a TC mineralization rate of 68 % in 30 min. Furthermore, after a series of characterization, detection and analysis, and influencing factor experiments, we proposed a potential mechanism for the Co 2 P–NAB/PMS reaction system to degrade TC and found that singlet oxygen (1O 2) plays an essential role in the non-radical degradation process. Finally, according to the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection of TC degradation intermediates, a possible degradation route was proposed. Therefore, this work uses microwave technology to present a novel and simple synthesis method for transition metal phosphides, which provides potential application value for the treatment of actual wastewater with heterogeneous catalysts. Co 2 P functionalized neosinocalamus affinis biochar for pH-universal degradation of antibiotic tetracycline. [Display omitted] • Microwave assisted synthesis for preparing Co 2 P decorated biochar material. • The unique porous Co 2 P-NAB material can efficiently degrade tetracycline in water. • Co 2 P-NAB/PMS degrades antibiotic tetracycline in a broad pH ranging from 3 to 11. • Non-radical singlet oxygen acts as the main active sites in Co 2 P-NAB/PMS system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]