Search

It has been suggested that women carrying the HLA-DQ3 antigen are at increased risk of developing cervical. squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)1. Since the association between cervical. SCC and human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 has been proved by molecular studies2 and in animal. models the tumorigenic effect of HPV may differ according to the immunogenetic background,3 the presence of a given HLA type might help linking environmental. risk factors with individual. susceptibility to cervical. SCC. Subsequent studies however have reported different findings4,5 that could be in part explained by differences in HLA phenotype among populations.

Growth failure starting before birth is a common characteristic in Turner syndrome, and its pathogenesis is still not completely explained. Experiments performed in mice and rats to test whether a genetic disparity between mothers and offspring and maternal immunological status have any influence on litter size have demonstrated that allogenic litters are significantly larger in size than genetically compatible ones. Studies in humans have given contrasting results, but some authors have found that heterozygosity at enzyme loci and in blood groups is positively correlated with intrauterine growth. HLA class I and II polymorphisms were defined in 53 patients with Turner syndrome and in their parents, and lymphocytotoxic antibody detection was performed in 36 mothers. These data were related to the patients' birth weight. The frequency of the HLA-B16 allele in patients with a birth weight greater than 10th centile was significantly higher in comparison with those less than 10th centile. HLA antigen sharing was present in 43 couples (81.1%). Mean birth weight was 2934 +/- 472 g in patients without HLA antigen parental sharing and 2721 +/- 529 g in those whose parents shared HLA antigens. The mean birth weight of the 10 patients whose parents do not share HLA antigens was significantly higher than that of the patients with parental HLA-B+ DR sharing (P less than 0.05) and not significantly highe than in those patients with parental HLA sharing at other HLA loci. Patients whose parents shared B+DR antigens also had significantly smaller birth weights than those with B and A+B+DR sharing (P less than 0.025 and P less than 0.025). No significant difference in mean birth weight was found in relation to other parameters, such as mother-child histocompatibility, HLA homozygosity and lymphocytotoxic production in the mothers.