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At odds with other solid tumors, epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is poorly sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), largely reflecting active immunosuppression despite CD8 + T cell infiltration at baseline. Accumulating evidence indicates that both conventional chemotherapeutics and targeted anticancer agents commonly used in the clinical management of EOC not only mediate a cytostatic and cytotoxic activity against malignant cells, but also drive therapeutically relevant immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive effects. Here, we discuss such an immunomodulatory activity, with a specific focus on molecular and cellular pathways that can be harnessed to develop superior combinatorial regimens for clinical EOC care., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests J.F. and R.S. are full-time employees of Sotio Biotech. I.V. has received consulting/advisory honoraria from AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology Inc., Carrick Therapeutics, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Elevar Therapeutics, Roche, Genmab, GSK, Immunogen, Jazzpharma, Mersana, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, MSD, Novocure, Octimet Oncology, Oncoinvent, Sotio, Verastem Oncology, and Zentalis; and has performed contracted research for Amgen, Genmab, Oncoinvent, and Genmab. E.G.M. has held research contracts with Roche, has received consulting/advisory honoraria from AstraZeneca and Clovis, as well as speaker honoraria from GSK, AstraZeneca, MSD, Clovis, and Roche. L.G. has held research contracts with Lytix Biopharma and Phosplatin, and has received consulting/advisory honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, OmniSEQ, Onxeo, Sotio, The Longevity Labs, Inzen, and the Luke Heller TECPR2 Foundation. All other authors have no conflicts to declare., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)