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Background and Objective: The prognostic value of age and other non-hematological factors in predicting outcomes in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing antileukemic therapy is not well understood. We performed a systematic review to determine the association between these factors and mortality and health-related quality of life or fatigue among these patients., Methods: We searched Medline and Embase through October 2021 for studies in which researchers quantified the relationship between age, comorbidities, frailty, performance status, or functional status; and mortality and health-related quality of life or fatigue in older patients with AML receiving antileukemic therapy. We assessed the risk of bias of the included studies using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool, conducted random-effects meta-analyses, and assessed the quality of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach., Results: We included 90 studies. Meta-analysis showed that age (per 5-year increase, HR 1.16 95% CI 1.11-1.21, high-quality evidence), comorbidities (Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation-specific Comorbidity Index: 3+ VS less than 3, HR 1.60 95% CI 1.31-1.95, high-quality evidence), and performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group/ World Health Organization (ECOG/WHO): 2+ VS less than 2, HR 1.63 95% CI 1.43-1.86, high-quality evidence; ECOG/WHO: 3+ VS less than 3, HR 2.00 95% CI 1.52-2.63, moderate-quality evidence) were associated with long-term mortality. These studies provided inconsistent and non-informative results on short-term mortality (within 90 days) and quality of life., Conclusion: High-quality or moderate-quality evidence support that age, comorbidities, performance status predicts the long-term prognosis of older patients with AML undergoing antileukemic treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests., (Copyright: © 2022 Hao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized treatment of advanced cutaneous melanoma. This group of novel therapeutic agents differs from other systemic treatments and has necessitated a new approach for several fundamental aspects of clinical practice in oncology. Marked differences in outcomes associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors compared with other systemic therapies has required a new paradigm for prognostication in the setting of advanced melanoma. Distinct patterns of tumor response have required new norms for disease monitoring. A unique spectrum of toxicity is associated with use of immune checkpoint inhibitors which can be severe and refractory. Patients and clinicians must be informed regarding immune-related adverse events, yet in the published literature, there is substantial variability in reporting. As immune checkpoint inhibitors gain a prominent role in cancer treatment, standardization of adverse event reporting will be vital to ensure validity of evidence and to promote safe clinical practice.

A series of hydroxycoumarin derivatives has been synthesized and evaluated against human pancreatic PANC-1 cancer cells under nutrient-deprived conditions. Several compounds exhibited 100% preferential cytotoxicity at low micromolar concentrations under nutrition starvation, and showed no cytotoxicity under nutrient-rich conditions. In this study, a novel geranylgeranylated ether coumarin derivative 9 was found to exhibit the highest cytotoxic activity of 6.25 μM within 24h. The preferential anti-tumor activity exhibited by compound 9 against PANC-1 under low oxygen and nutrient environment illustrates its great potential as a promising lead structure for the development of novel agents to combat pancreatic cancer., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)