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In the present research, we reported an acute myeloid leukemia subject. The patient was treated with Cytarabine 200 mg/m² per day with continuous IV infusion on days 1, 2, 3, 4, Etoposide 100 mg/m² per day with continuous IV infusion on days 1, 2, 3, 4, Idarubicin 12 mg/m² as a 4-hour IV infusion on days 2, 4, 6, and Mitoxantrone 10 mg/m2 as a 30-minute IV infusion on days 1, 2, 3. During treatment, the patient suffered from 3 life-threatening complications caused by chemotherapy drugs include sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), refractory thrombocytopenia, and pericardial effusion with pericardiocentesis limitation. To this end, we tried three novel approaches for patient management by Corticosteroid and Colchicine. Intravenous immunoglobulin infusion and oral prednisolone (2 mg/kg/d) were not effective in thrombocytopenia. However, eltrombopag (25 mg/kg/d) response was dramatic. Moreover, pericardial effusion and respiratory distress during the first chemotherapy course were managed with Lasix (2 mg/kg/d) and Spironolactone (25 mg/d); meanwhile, the massive pericardial effusion during the second chemotherapy course was managed with Colchicine (0.5 mg/d) through the mentioned treatment. Fortunately, these approaches were effective and life-saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent decades, the survival of children with cancer has improved dramatically. This improvement is due to use of different chemotherapeutic agents, but the majority of these drugs have kidney toxicities. Deterioration of renal function due to antineoplastic agents is the main limiting factor for administration of these drugs. Chemotherapeutic agents could result in an acute or chronic injury in glomeruli or tubules. Overall childhood cancer survivors have a nine-fold higher risk of developing kidney function impairment when compared with their sibling. In this review, the nephrotoxicity due to some chemotherapeutic drugs such as platinum agents, ifosfamide, methotrexate(MTX), doxorubicin, gemcitabine and imatinib have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]