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Purpose: The standard first-line treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-positive advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is trastuzumab in combination with cisplatin and fluoropyrimidines. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of S-1 and oxaliplatin (100 mg/m 2 ) (SOX100) combined with trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for HER2-positive AGC., Methods: In this single-arm, multicenter phase II study, patients with HER2-positive AGC received S-1 (80-120 mg per day) orally on days 1-14, oxaliplatin (100 mg/m 2 ) intravenously on day 1, and trastuzumab (8 mg/kg on day 1 of the first cycle, followed by 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks) intravenously. The primary end point was 1-year survival rate. The secondary end points included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and safety., Results: A total of 25 patients from six centers were enrolled from December 2015 to March 2020. In the 25 patients evaluable for analysis, the 1-year survival rate was 70.8% [90% confidence interval (CI) = 55.5-86.1%], whereas the median OS, PFS, and ORR were 17.8 (95% CI 10.5-22.9) months, 7.6 (95% CI 5.0-10.9) months, and 75.0% (95% CI 53.3-90.2), respectively. Major grade 3/4 adverse events included anorexia (20%), anemia (16%), peripheral sensory neuropathy (16%), and diarrhea (15%)., Conclusion: SOX100 combined with trastuzumab was effective with a favorable safety profile in patients with HER2-positive AGC., (© 2021. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of 5-weekly S-1 and cisplatin combined with trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer (AGC)., Methods: This phase II study treatment consisted of S-1 (80-120 mg per day) orally on day 1-21, cisplatin (60 mg/m(2)) intravenously on day 8, and trastuzumab (8 mg/kg on day 1 of the first cycle, followed by 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks) intravenously. The primary end point was 1-year survival rate. The secondary end points included overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS), response rate (RR), and safety., Results: A total 22 patients from seven centers were enrolled. In the 20 patients evaluable for analysis, the 1-year survival rate was 70 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 49.9-90.1 %), and median survival time, PFS, and RR were 15.3, 7.5 months and 41.2 %, respectively. Major grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (30 %), anorexia (30 %), leukopenia (25 %), fatigue (20 %), and anemia (15 %)., Conclusions: Five-weekly S-1 and cisplatin combined with trastuzumab showed effective with favorable safety profile in patients with HER2-positive AGC.

Background/aim: S-1 plus cisplatin is the standard first-line chemotherapy for metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) in Japan, but the relationship between dose intensity and antitumor effects remains unclear., Patients and Methods: We retrospectively studied 64 patients who received S-1 plus cisplatin for MGC from January 2006 to December 2010 in two Japanese hospitals., Results: The median relative dose intensity (RDI) of S-1 plus cisplatin was 87% (range, 59.5%-100%). The cut-off value of RDI of S-1 plus cisplatin was identified to be 80% by a receiver operating characteristic analysis of the tumor response. In the RDI<80% (n=19) and the RDI≥80% (n=45) groups, the response rates were 20.0% and 37.5% (p=0.182), the median survival times were 394 and 376 days (p=0.915), and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 188 and 170 days (p=0.851), respectively., Conclusion: An appropriate RDI reduction may be permitted for patients with MGC in palliative settings.

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm with a rapidly fatal course. The response of this disease to treatment is poor because it tends to be advanced at diagnosis and tends to have inherent resistance to chemotherapeutic treatment. We describe three patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma who received combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine. After a histopathological diagnosis of epithelial-type malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, all patients underwent systemic chemotherapy because of the advanced disease stage. Moreover, one patient would have been at high risk of cardiac events, because of congenital heart malformation if complete surgical resection had been performed. This chemotherapy achieved a partial response in two patients, but had no effect in one. Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine may prove to be one of the recommended treatments for patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in the near future.

Background/aims: Lentinan (LNT), a purified beta-glucan, is a biological and immunological modifier and has been used as an anticancer drug in combination with 5-fluorouracil for gastric cancer in Japan. In this prospective randomized study, we evaluated the effects of LNT combination with regard to quality of life (QOL) and LNT binding ratio in monocytes., Methodology: Twenty patients were evaluated for 12 weeks. One cycle was 3 weeks and S-1 (day1-14) and Paclitaxel (days1 and 8) were administered. LNT was used once a week (days 1, 8 and 15) and it was used for all 12 weeks in the LNT 12-wk group and only for the last 6 weeks in the LNT 6-wk group. QOL was evaluated weekly by QOL-ACD, and binding of LNT to monocytes was measured by flow cytometry., Results: There were individual variations in the binding ratio of LNT to monocytes from 0.16% to 11.95%. Toxicity with chemotherapy was not improved in the LNT 12-wk group, however, the total QOL score was significantly elevated in the LNT 12-wk group (p = 0.018) but not in the LNT 6-wk group., Conclusion: LNT combination from the beginning of the chemotherapy may be an important factor for the improvement of patient QOL.