1. Mechanism of nanotoxicity in Chlorella vulgaris exposed to zinc and iron oxide
- Author
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Harish, Manoj K. Rai, Vinod Singh Gour, Pallavi Saxena, Prabhat K. Baroliya, and Vinod Saharan
- Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,UV, ultra violet ,Iron oxide ,Nanoparticle ,IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,ZnO, zinc oxide ,0302 clinical medicine ,RA1190-1270 ,FTIR, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy ,ANOVA, analysis of variance ,Aquatic-ecosystem ,LDH, lactate dehydrogenase ,biology ,Chemistry ,BG-11, blue green-11 ,NCBI, national center for biotechnology information ,MDA, malondialdehyde assay ,Recent trends in environmental toxicology and sustainable agriculture ,Fe2O3, ferric oxide ,Catalase ,Toxicity ,Antioxidant ,XRD, X-ray diffraction ,CDH, central drug house ,Algae ,Chlorella vulgaris ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Zinc ,Stress ,Superoxide dismutase ,03 medical and health sciences ,ROS, reactive oxygen species ,SOD, superoxide dismutase ,JCPDS, Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards ,NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form) ,SEM, scanning electron microscopy ,TEM, transmission electron microscopy ,NPs, nanoparticles ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,PBS, phosphate-buffered saline ,PDI, polydispersity index ,OD, optical density ,Nanotoxicology ,Toxicology. Poisons ,DDW, double distilled water ,biology.protein ,Nanoparticles ,BSA, bovine serum albumin ,CAT, catalase ,SD, standard deviation ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Graphical abstract, Highlights • Growth kinetics of C. vulgaris is influenced by NPs exposure. • NPs exposure influence proline, carotenoid, activity of SOD, CAT and LDH. • NPs exposure disintegrate cellular membrane. • Zinc and iron oxide NPs are more toxic to C. vulgaris compared to bulk counterpart., Usage of nanoparticle in various products has increased tremendously in the recent past. Toxicity of these nanoparticles can have a huge impact on aquatic ecosystem. Algae are the ideal organism of the aquatic ecosystem to understand the toxicity impact of nanoparticles. The present study focuses on the toxicity evaluation of zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles towards freshwater microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. The dose dependent growth retardation in Chlorella vulgaris is observed under ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles and nanoform attributed more toxicity than their bulk counterparts. The IC50 values of ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles was reported at 0.258 mg L−1 and 12.99 mg L-1 whereas, for the bulk-form, it was 1.255 mgL-1 and 17.88 mg L−1, respectively. The significant decline in chlorophyll content and increase in proline content, activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, indicated the stressful physiological state of microalgae. An increased lactate dehydrogenase level in treated samples suggested membrane disintegration by ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Compound microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirm cell entrapment, deposition of nanoparticles on the cell surface and disintegration of algal cell wall. Higher toxicity of nanoform in comparison to bulk chemistry is a point of concern.
- Published
- 2021