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This study sets out to probe into total bioactive contents, UHPLC-MS secondary metabolites profiling, antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating) and enzyme inhibi...

In this study, different parts (aerial, stem and root) of Salvadora oleoides Decne were investigated in order to explore their phytochemical composition and biological potential. The bioactive contents were evaluated by conventional spectrophotometric methods. Additionally, the secondary metabolite compounds were identified by UHPLC-MS analysis. Biological potential was evaluated by determining antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP, and Phosphomolybdenum) and enzyme inhibitory (butrylcholinesterase and lipoxygenase) effects. Higher total bioactive contents were found in methanolic extracts which tend to correlate with higher radical scavenging and reducing potential of these extracts. LC/MS spectrum revealed the presence of 16 different secondary metabolites belonging to terpene, glucoside and sesquiterpenoid dervivatives. Glucocleomin and emotin A were the main compounds present in all three parts. The strongest butrylcholinesterase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity was observed for root and stem DCM extracts. Demonstrated biological potential of S. oleoides plant can trace a new road map for developing newly designed bioactive pharmaceuticals.

1st International Conference on Natural Toxicology and Pharmacology (ICNTP) -- AUG 08-12, 2019 -- Guangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA, WOS: 000482246600053, PubMed: 31154083, This study endeavours to investigate the phytochemical composition, biological properties and in vivo toxicity of methanol and dichloromethane extracts of Zaleya pentandra (L.) Jeffrey. Total bioactive contents, antioxidant (phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating, DPPH, ARTS, FRAP and CUPRAC) and enzyme inhibition (cholinesterases, tyrosinase alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase) potential were assessed utilizing in vitro bioassays. UHPLC-MS phytochemical profiling was carried out to identify the essential compounds. The methanol extract was found to contain highest phenolic (22.60 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (31.49 mg QE/g) contents which correlate with its most significant radical scavenging, reducing potential and tyrosinase inhibition. The dichloromethane extract was most potent for phosphomolybdenum, ferrous chelation, alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and cholinesterase inhibition assays. UHPLC-MS analysis of methanol extract unveiled to identify 11 secondary metabolites belonging to five sub-groups, i.e., phenolic, alkaloid, carbohydrate, terpenoid, and fatty acid derivatives. Additionally, in vivo toxicity was conducted for 21 days and the methanol extract at different doses (150, 200, 250 and 300 mg/kg) was administered in experimental chicks divided into five groups each containing five individuals. Different physical, haematological and biochemical parameters along with the absolute and relative weight of visceral body organs were studied. Overall, no toxic effect was noted for the extract at tested doses., Jinan Univ, Zhejiang Univ, Univ Macau, Univ Hong Kong, Int Assoc Dietet Nutr & Safety, Int Soc Chinese Med

WOS: 000499762200024, The plants of genus Neurada have been utilized for medicinal purposes. This study probed into the biological propensities and endeavored to achieve the detailed phytochemical profile, via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography -UHPLC-MS analysis and high performance liquid chromatography photodiode array -HPLC-PDA of different polarity extracts (methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol) of Nevada procumbens L. The biological features were studied by determining the antioxidant potential via 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-DPPH, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid -ABTS, ferric reducing antioxidant power -FRAP, cupric reducing antioxidant power -CUPRAC, phoshomolybdenum and metal chelation assays and clinically significant major enzymes (cholinesterases, alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibition). Moreover, the correlation among the biological activities and total bioactive contents of the extracts were studied via multivariate statistical analysis. The methanol and n-butanol extracts revealed the presence of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in highest concentrations which tend to correlate with their maximum anti-oxidant capacities for radical scavenging and reducing power assays. The n-hexane extract was most active in the phosphomolybdenum assays whereas the chloroform extracts showed the highest metal chelation potential. The UHPLC-MS phytochemical profiling of the methanolic extract (both positive and negative ionization mode) revealed the existence of eighteen phytochemicals representing four different classes (phenolics, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, and alkaloids). The n-butanol extract inhibited acetylcholinesterase (4.10 mg galantamine equivalent -GALAE/g) and tyrosinase (127.65 mg kojic acid equivalent -KAE/g) significantly as compared to the control. The n-hexane extract exhibited highest inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase (1.93 mg GALAE/g) and alpha-glucosidase (59.0 mmol acarbose equivalent -ACAE/g), while chloroform extract exhibited prominent inhibitory action inimical to alpha-amylase (0.65 mmol ACAE/g). Overall, it was observed that FRAP and tyrosinase activities were the most contributive biological activities for the formation of first component with p values of 0.018 and 0.023, respectively, whereas, for the formation of second component, glucosidase activity was the most contributive assay with p value of 0.002. It can be concluded that the manifestation of dynamic phytochemicals with multi-pharmacological potential marks N. procumbens as a prospective origin of health-promoting molecules warrants further exploration as a unique therapeutic medicinal plant.

WOS: 000458942600002, The plants of Euphorbia genus have been extensively studied for their nutritive and therapeutic purposes. The present research is the foremost effort to investigate and compare the biological activities and chemical composition of dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) solvent extracts of Euphorbia milii Des Moul aerial and root parts. Antioxidant potential was determined using six different (FRAP, CUPRAC, Phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, ABTS and ferrous chelation) methods. The enzyme inhibition effects of the tested extracts were evaluated against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase and tyrosinase. Similarly, the amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents were assessed via spectrophotometric methods and individual secondary metabolites were also determined using UHPLC-MS analysis. Methanolic extracts from both aerial and root parts contained the highest contents for phenolic and flavonoids which tends to correlate with their significant DPPH, ABTS (radical scavenging), FRAP, CUPRAC (reducing power) and alpha-glucosidase inhibition potentials. While, both the DCM extracts containing the lowest bioactive contents were most active in the phosphomolybdenum assay, cholinesterases and tyrosinase inhibition. The root extracts proved to be a better source of bioactive antioxidant molecules. Additionally, UHPLC-MS profiling of both the methanolic extracts revealed the presence of total 16 secondary metabolites belonging to five major groups (phenolic, flavonoid, coumarin, glycoside and alkaloid). To conclude, our results suggest that E. milii can be considered as a promising lead origin for natural bioactive enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant compounds which could pave the way for industrial applications.

Calligonum polygonoides L. also known as famine food plant, is normally consumed in times of food scarcity in India and Pakistan and also used traditionally in the management of common diseases. The present design aims to provide an insight into the medicinal potential of four solvent extracts of C. polygonoides via an assessment of its phytochemical profile, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential. Phytochemical composition was estimated by deducing total bioactive constituents, UHPLC-MS secondary metabolites profile, and HPLC phenolic quantification. Antioxidant potential was determined via six methods (radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (FRAP and CUPRAC), phosphomolybdenum total antioxidant capacity and metal chelation activity). Enzyme inhibitory potential was assessed against clinical enzymes (acetylcholinesterase -AChE, butyrylcholinesterase -BChE, tyrosinase, and α-amylase). The highest amounts of phenolic contents were found in chloroform extract (76.59 mg GAE/g extract) which may be attributed to its higher radical scavenging, reducing power and tyrosinase inhibition potential. The n-butanol extract containing the maximum amount of flavonoids (55.84 mg RE/g extract) exhibited highest metal chelating capacity. Similarly, the n-hexane extract was found to be most active against AChE (4.65 mg GALAE/g extract), BChE (6.59 mg GALAE/g extract), and α-amylase (0.70 mmol ACAE/g extract) enzymes. Secondary metabolite assessment of the crude methanol extract as determined by UHPLC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 24 (negative ionization mode) and 15 (positive ionization mode) secondary metabolites, with most of them belonging to phenolic, flavonoids, terpene, and alkaloid groups. Moreover, gallic acid and naringenin were the main phenolics quantified by HPLC-PDA analysis in all the tested extracts (except n-butanol extract). PCA statistical analysis was also conducted to establish any possible relationship amongst bioactive contents and biological activities. Overall, the C. polygonoides extracts could be further considered to isolate bioactive enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant natural phytocompounds.

The current research work is an endeavor to study the chemical profiling and enzyme-inhibition potential of different polarity solvent (n-hexane, dichloromethane—DCM and methanol—MeOH) extracts from the aerial and stem parts of Buxus papillosa C.K. Schneid. All the extracts were analyzed for HPLC-PDA phenolic quantification, while both (aerial and stem) DCM extracts were studied for UHPLC-MS phytochemical composition. The inhibitory activity against the clinically important enzymes having crucial role in different pathologies like skin diseases (tyrosinase), inflammatory problems (lipoxygenase—LOX) and diabetes mellitus (α-amylase) were studied using standard in vitro bioassays. The DCM extracts upon UHPLC-MS analysis conducted in both negative and positive ionization modes has led to the tentative identification of 52 important secondary metabolites. Most of these belonged to the alkaloid, flavonoid, phenolic and triterpenoid classes. The HPLC-PDA polyphenolic quantification identified the presence of 10 phenolic compounds. Catechin was present in significant amounts in aerial-MeOH (7.62 ± 0.45 μg/g extract) and aerial-DCM (2.39 ± 0.51-μg/g extract) extracts. Similarly, higher amounts of epicatechin (2.76 ± 0.32-μg/g extract) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1.06 ± 0.21 μg/g extract) were quantified in aerial-DCM and stem-MeOH extracts, respectively. Likewise, all the extracts exhibited moderate inhibition against all the tested enzymes. These findings explain the wide usage of this plant in folklore medicine and suggest that it could be further studied as an origin of novel bioactive phytocompounds and for the designing of new pharmaceuticals.