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The present study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic activity of Rumex dentatus aqueous leaf extract on metabolites, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enzymes activities in Portulaca oleraceae. The results showed a reduction of carbohydrates, protein, DNA, and RNA contents. However, the total phenolics, total flavonoids, and malondialdehyde were enhanced. The ROS such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals, and hydroxyl radicals were increased in concentration-dependent manner. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphoglucnate dehydrogenase, nitrate reductase, and glutamine synthetase were reduced in Portulaca leaves as the concentration of Rumex extract increased; however the activities of NADH-oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were increased under treatment with the various tested concentrations of Rumex extract. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry profile of aqueous Rumex extract was performed for the detection of the dominant compounds that may reveal the impact on Portulaca metabolites and enzymes activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive compounds are extracted from mekmeko and characterized for antioxidant, phytochemical, and antibacterial activities. The phytochemical studies of the extracts revealed the presence of condensed tannins, flavonoid, and phenolic compounds. Radical scavenging activity of the extract demonstrates that the ethanol extract has more significant antioxidant activity than the aqueous extract. Ethanolic extract of mekmeko is more effective against gram-positive bacteria compared to gram-negative. A Box–Behnken-design was used to study the response pattern and to determine the optimum combination of variables for maximization of extraction yield. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the four independent variable effects (particle size, temperature, time, and solid–solvent-ratio) on the maximum extraction yield of bioactive compounds. Second order polynomial mathematical model was developed with a high coefficient of determination ( R 2  = 0.99) from the experimental data. A maximum of 18.85% total extraction yield was achieved at the optimal conditions of particle size of 350 mesh, extraction temperature at 41 °C, solid–solvent-ratio of 0.07, and extraction time of 24 h. The extracted constituents are predominantly phenolics (39%) and condensed tannins (21%). Under theses optimal conditions, the experimental values agreed well with the predicted values and indicated the suitability of the developed models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: In recent years, more attention has been devoted to herbal medicines. Up to now, many compounds with therapeutic effects has been extracted from the herbs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and the antimicrobial effect of Rumex Alveollatus L. and to partially identify the effective compounds in this plant. Materials & Methods: Extraction was performed by using maceration method for dried flower sample. Then, the antimicrobial effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts on eight bacterial sp. and two fungi were tested using disc diffusion method. The antioxidant effect was also determined through ferric reducing potency and phosphomolybdenum followed by total phenol determination. Finally, partial detection of bioactive compounds was conducted using chemical and calorimetric methods. Results: The results showed that ethanolic extract had the most antimicrobial effect; while aqueous extract weakly affected bacterial and fungal strains. Antioxidant experiments also revealed that ethanol extract had more antioxidant effects than aqueous extract. The most content of total phenolic compounds was found in ethanol extract. The results of the plant chemical determination showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, tannins, glycosides, and reducing sugars. Conclusion: Considering that few reports about the therapeutic effect of Rumex alveollatus L. has been published, this study could be considered as a valuable report about the important role of this plant on preventing infections and neutralizing oxidant agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The root of Rumex crispus L. has been shown to possess anti-gout and anti-diabetic properties, but the compounds responsible for these pharmaceutical effects have not yet been reported. In this study, we aimed to isolate and purify active components from the root of R. crispus, and to evaluate their anti-radical, anti-gout and anti-diabetic capacities. From the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract, two compounds, chrysophanol (1) and physcion (2), were isolated by column chromatography with an elution of hexane and EtOAc at a 9:1 ratio. Their structures were identified by spectrometric techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), X-ray diffraction analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results of bioassays indicated that (1) showed stronger activities than (2). For antioxidant activity, (1) and (2) exhibited remarkable DPPH radical scavenging capacity (IC50 = 9.8 and 12.1 µg/mL), which was about two times stronger than BHT (IC50 = 19.4 µg/mL). The anti-gout property of (1) and (2) were comparable to the positive control allopurinol, these compounds exerted strong inhibition against the activity of xanthine oxidase (IC50 = 36.4 and 45.0 µg/mL, respectively). In the anti-diabetic assay, (1) and (2) displayed considerable inhibitory ability on α-glucosidase, their IC50 values (IC50 = 20.1 and 18.9 µg/mL, respectively) were higher than that of standard acarbose (IC50 = 143.4 µg/mL). Findings of this study highlight that (1) and (2) may be promising agents to treat gout and diabetes, which may greatly contribute to the medicinal properties of Rumex crispus root. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]