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In this study, an HPLC-DAD method with high separation efficiency, detection sensitivity, and selectivity was developed and validated for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of anthraquinones (aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion) in Rumex acetosella L. and Rumex crispus L. plants collected at different regions and times. Optimal method conditions were determined by studying different mobile phases, mobile phase compositions, flow rates, column, column temperatures, injection volume, and wavelength of the compounds. Validation studies were carried out to prove the validity of the developed method. The correlation coefficients for all compounds were found to be in the range of 0.9991–0.9997, and the calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 0.1–1.0 μg/mL. The limits of detection and quantification values were calculated in the range of 0.014–0.017 and 0.017–0.057 μg/mL, respectively. The developed and validated method indicated that it is effective and suitable for determining aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion in extracts of Rumex plants. In addition, the antioxidant activities of the plant extracts were determined using the Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil radical assays, revealing their antioxidant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, an attempt has been done to explore the phytochemicals and proximate compositions from an edible plant Rumex vesicarius, which is found in the wild habitats in United Arab Emirates. Extracts were prepared from the dried powder of the areal parts of the plant using methanol as solvent in Soxhlet. The extract was tested for phytochemicals and also studied for the proximate composition. The antioxidant power of the extract was determined by using four different assays (ABTS, DPPH, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity). The results revealed that the extracts contain phytochemicals, which can be used as effective radical scavengers. The antioxidant activities were highly significant in the extract, which shows that this plant has high potential to be used in traditional and alternative medical systems. The present information would be of helpful for the future isolation and pharmacologically active compound identification from this plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic activity of Rumex dentatus aqueous leaf extract on metabolites, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enzymes activities in Portulaca oleraceae. The results showed a reduction of carbohydrates, protein, DNA, and RNA contents. However, the total phenolics, total flavonoids, and malondialdehyde were enhanced. The ROS such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals, and hydroxyl radicals were increased in concentration-dependent manner. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphoglucnate dehydrogenase, nitrate reductase, and glutamine synthetase were reduced in Portulaca leaves as the concentration of Rumex extract increased; however the activities of NADH-oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were increased under treatment with the various tested concentrations of Rumex extract. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry profile of aqueous Rumex extract was performed for the detection of the dominant compounds that may reveal the impact on Portulaca metabolites and enzymes activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rumex hastatus is known for its nutritional and pharmacological properties. The pre- sent research explored ultrasound- assisted extraction (UAE) for antioxidants from it. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used with the Box– Behnken design. Hydro-ethanolic solvent ratio, amplitude, and temperature were the independent factors while % extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant potential, and metal chelating activity (MCA) were the responses. The highest extraction yield was 11.58% that was obtained at 20% hydro-EtOH, 50°C temperature, and 50 m amplitude. The optimum conditions for the highest TPC were 80% hydro-EtOH, 60°C temperature, and 75 m amplitude, for the highest TFC were 80% hydro-EtOH, 50 °C temperature, and 50 m amplitude. For MCA, the optimum conditions were 20% hydro-EtOH solvent, 50°C temperature, and 100 m amplitude, respectively. UAE proved to be an efficient green technique for the extraction of bioactive and antioxidant substances from R. hastatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rumex crispus L. (R. crispus) is regarded as an aromatic plant. It was used for its excellent biological properties in traditional medicine. The aerial part was extracted successively by maceration with three solvents increasing polarity (cyclohexane (CYH), dichloromethane (DCM), and methanol (MeOH)) to evaluate their chemical compositions and biological activities. The extracts were rich in phenolic compounds (13.0 to 249.8 mg GAE/g of dry weight (dw)). The MeOH extract has presented remarkable IC50 = 6.2 μg/mL for anti-DPPH and 31.6 μg/mL for anti-AChE. However, the DCM extract has the highest cytotoxic activity against the two cancer cells (HCT-116 and MCF-7) (69.2 and 77.2% inhibition at 50 μg/mL, respectively). Interestingly, GC-MS analysis enabled to identify three new compounds in R. crispus extracts, such as L-(−)-arabitol (5), D-(−) fructopyranose (7) detected only in MeOH extract, and 2, 5-dihydroxyacetophenone (3) detected in all extracts. For HPLC chromatograms, cardamonin (8), 5-hydroxy-3′-methoxyflavone (17), and 3′-hydroxy-b-naphthoflavone (18) showed the highest concentrations of 74.0, 55.5, and 50.4 mg/g of dw, respectively, among others who are identified. Some phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC in more than one organic extract, such as 4′, 5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (13), 4′, 5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (14), 5-hydroxy-3′-methoxyflavone (17), and 3′-hydroxy-b-naphthoflavone (18), were found for the first time in the R. crispus extracts. Our results showed that the biological activities of this plant might be linked to their phenolic compounds and that the polar extracts could be considered as new natural supplements to be used in food and pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type II diabetes mellitus is a common and costly disease worldwide, characterized by hyperglycemia. Alpha (α)‐amylase and α‐glucosidase are important targets in diabetes therapy. Inhibition of these enzymes may lessen hyperglycemia, preventing diabetic complications. Oxidative stress is another factor involved in the disease's etiology. In the present study, we investigated antidiabetic profiles of the various extracts and phytochemicals of Rumex acetosella. Since the plant has been traditionally used for the antidiabetic purposes. α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory studies in addition to DPPH•, ABTS•+, NO2- radical scavenging, and phosphomolybdate antioxidant assays were performed to evaluate the antidiabetic property. Specifically, the ethanol and ethanol‐water extracts remarkably inhibited α‐glucosidase than that of acarbose, unlike their slight/no inhibition on α‐amylase. Convincing α‐glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant potential of alcohol‐including extracts verified the ethnobotanical use of R. acetosella as an antidiabetic agent. Practical applications: The incidence of Type II DM is rising globally. Reducing hyperglycemia holds great importance to prevent devastating outcomes of diabetic complications. Ethnobotanical use of natural sources for medical purposes provides a basis for their potential activity against various diseases. The introduction of herbal agents may lead to the development of new drug candidates with convincing activity. Rumex acetosella L. has been traditionally used for the antidiabetic purposes. The research pointed out various extracts and phytochemical constituents from R. acetosella may act as antihyperglycemic agents. Particularly, alcohol‐including extracts of R. acetosella may be considered as promising alternatives in the prevention or treatment of type II DM. The study puts emphasis on the therapeutic value of the plants for antidiabetic medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim. Rumex crispus (curly dock) is a wild perennial herbaceous plant, which products are considered as a rich source of biologically active molecules with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The aim of this study was to estimate of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of aqueous extract of curly dock fruits. Methods. The aqueous extract of curly dock fruits was evaluated for its antioxidant activity by in vitro assays for ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), NO⋅, OH⋅ and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging activities and the influence on lipid peroxidation in liposomes. The cytotoxicity of tested extract was examined in vitro in human cervix carcinoma (HeLa), colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cells. Results. The tested extract showed a potential antioxidant activity manifested in scavenging of free radicals as well as an ability to decrease lipid peroxidation in liposomes. The results indicated tissue-selective cytotoxicity of R. crispus fruit extract in vitro. The most prominent antitumor activity was observed towards HeLa and MCF7 cell lines. Conclusion. The investigated aqueous fruit extract of R. crispus had potential antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, with necrosis as a main mechanism of induced cell-death. Different methods of extraction of R. crispus fruits, apart from aqueous, are recommended for further investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin aging is one of the major problems of the modern age. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are responsible for breaking down extracellular matrix and cause of cell-aging. Ultraviolet (UV) rays and oxidants are also damage skin. Therefore, inhibition of MMP enzymes and higher sunscreen and antioxidant capacity should be a part of treatment strategy in preventing skin aging. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antiaging potential of Rumex crispus L. (Polygonaceae) extracts by determining MMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13 inhibitory effects, UV absorption and antioxidant capacities. In this study inhibitory effects of 15 extracts – with different polarities prepared from R. crispus – on MMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13 enzymes were determined. Antioxidant capacities were investigated by DPPH, ABTS, NO and phosphomolybdate methods and SPF values were calculated. Also, chemical profiles of extracts were evaluated by HPLC with the compounds we isolated. According to results, aqueous alcoholic extracts showed the highest inhibitory effect on all of MMP enzymes. Ethanol:water (70:30) extracts of roots, leaves and fruits showed high UV protection with SPF 13.56, 15.01 and 15.36 respectively. Total antioxidant capacities were in a range of 49,4%-86,4%. This study shows that Rumex crispus L. provides a valuable and powerful resource for anti-wrinkle, antioxidant and sunscreen cosmetic product. • Rumex crispus L. extracts may be a novel matrix metalloproteinases inhibitor. • Rumex crispus L. root, leaf and fruit extracts have high sun protection factor. • Rumex crispus L. extracts can fight against the reactive oxygen species. • Chemical profile of Rumex crispus L. extracts identified by HPLC. • Rumex crispus L. extracts may be used as a sunscreen and anti-aging agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of different morphological parts of Rumex maderensis Lowe (Polygonaceae), a wild leafy-vegetable growing in Madeira Island (Portugal). Methanol extracts from leaves, flowers, and stems were submitted to high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection to obtain the phytochemical profile, which allowed the identification of 86 polyphenols (about 70% C - and O -flavonoids) and 9 non-phenolic compounds. In vitro antioxidant activities were measured against ABTS, DPPH, nitric oxide and superoxide free radicals. Then, the samples were subjected to an in vitro digestion, observing a decrease of about 50% in both the content of phenolics and the antioxidant activity. However, relevant antioxidant capacity was still observed after the simulated digestion. Therefore, this study supports the consumption of R. maderensis as an interesting foodstuff and a dietary source of antioxidant phytochemicals that survive the gastrointestinal digestion process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide, making the development of new treatment methods crucial in the fight against it. With cancer incidence rates increasing worldwide, ongoing research must focus on identifying new and effective ways to prevent and treat the disease. The combination of herbal extracts with chemotherapeutic agents has gained much interest as a novel strategy to combat cancer. Rumex obtusifolius L. is a wild plant known for its medicinal properties and is widely distributed worldwide. Our preclinical evaluations suggested that R. obtusifolius seed extracts possessed cancer-inhibiting properties and we also evaluated the beneficial effects of the arginase inhibitor NG-hydroxy-nor- L -arginine and nitric oxide inhibitor NG-nitro- L -arginine methyl ester in the treatment of breast cancer. The current study aimed to combine these observations and evaluate the antioxidant and antitumor properties of R. obtusifolius extracts alone and in combination with the arginase and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Metabolic characterization of the plant extract using a liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry advanced system revealed the presence of 240 phenolic compounds many of which possess anticancer properties, according to the literature. In vitro studies revealed a significant cytotoxic effect of the R. obtusifolius extracts on the human colon (HT29) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Thus, a new treatment approach of combining R. obtusifolius bioactive phytochemicals with the arginase and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors NG-nitro- L -arginine methyl ester and/or NG-hydroxy-nor- L -arginine, respectively, was proposed and could potentially be an effective way to treat breast cancer. Indeed, these combinations showed immunostimulatory, antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties in a rat breast cancer model. [Display omitted] • The extract of Rumex obtusifolius possessed high antioxidant properties. • Based on the HPLC/MS data, R. obtusifolius seeds contain a variety and abundance of natural antioxidants and antitumor compounds. • R. obtusifolius possessed a remarkable cytotoxic effect on HT29 and MCF-7 cancer cell cultures and an antioxidant effect on HT29 cell culture. • The combination of R. obtusifolius extract with inhibitors of the L -arginine metabolic pathway presents anti-cancer effects in vivo. • Synergistic interactions have been found between R. obtusifolius extract and chemotherapeutic agents against the induced mammary tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, drying process of sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.) using different drying methods the determination of its quality characteristics was aimed. For these aims, sorrel plants were dried by the methods of convective hot air drying, sun drying, and shadow drying. 40-50-60°C drying temperatures and drying air velocity values of 1-2 m/s were applied for hot air drying experiments. Total amount of phenolic material and antioxidant activity were determined both on fresh and dried plant samples in order to study the effects of drying on nutrient retention. The most appropriate drying method was tried to be determined that will retain the maximum nutrient and quality properties expected from the sorrel samples. According to results of the analyses, the maximum values of phenolics content and antioxidant activity were obtained for the samples dried at conditions of 40°C with 2 m/s air velocity . Dried consumption of sorrel plant was recommended as well as consumption of fresh sorrel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many plants growing in Saudi Arabia are used in folk medicine for treatment of several diseases. Objective: Information of the chemical constituents and biological activities of plants is desirable for the discovery of therapeutic agents and discovering the actual value of folkloric remedies. Materials and Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified using silica gel column chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) Method. The alcoholic extracts of these plants were evaluated for biological activities. Results: Isolation and characterization of 1-feruloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) as well as new secondary metabolite tryptophan methyl ester (2) were isolated for the 1st time from the Horwoodia dicksoniae. The three flavones were isolated from Rumex cyprius identified as isoorientin (3), vitexin (4), and Cynarosid (5). The structures of these compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry analysis and comparing with literature. The compounds were isolated and purified using silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC-DAD Method. The alcoholic extracts of these plants were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against two Gram-positive bacteria, two Gram-negative bacteria, and four pathogenic fungi. Both plants showed good activities against Syncephalastrum racemosum and Streptococcus pneumoniae with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) 0.98 and 1.95 μg/mL, respectively. H. dicksoniae showed good activity against Aspergillus fumigates with an MIC 1.95 μg/mL. The two extracts showed also effective free radical scavenging activities in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. H. dicksoniae exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activity against Human breast cancer mammary cancer cells-7, Human liver cancer human hepatoma carcinoma cells-2, and human lung carcinoma (A-549) cell lines. Conclusions: It was suggested that further work should be carried out to isolate, purify, and characterize the active constituents responsible for the activity of these plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification and characterization of natural products with antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity has received much interest over the past few years. Ethiopia is one of the developing countries which have enormous diversity of plants and yet majority stays scientifically neglected and undiscovered. In this study, the ethanol extracts of 18 Ethiopian wild medicinal plants were investigated for their in vitro antioxidant and anti-proliferative potential. For this purpose DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) and TPC (total phenolic content) assays together with MTT cell viability assay (performed on Hep-G2 and MRC-5) were used. Extracts of Carissa spinarum , Dodonaea angustifolia , Jasminum abyssinicum , Rumex nepalensis , Rubus steudneri and Verbascum sinaiticum exhibited the most significant results. However, it was discovered that C . spinarum , J . abyssinicum and R . steudneri possessed considerable toxicity against normal MRC-5 cell line. Only extracts of D . angustifolia and R . nepalensis demonstrated significant combinatory antioxidant/anti-proliferative effect, while V . sinaiticum showed best selective anti-proliferative activity. Since aforementioned extracts also exerted low or minimal toxicity to normal cells, we suggest these as prospective material for further development of novel plant-based agents effective against oxidative stress related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: In recent years, more attention has been devoted to herbal medicines. Up to now, many compounds with therapeutic effects has been extracted from the herbs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and the antimicrobial effect of Rumex Alveollatus L. and to partially identify the effective compounds in this plant. Materials & Methods: Extraction was performed by using maceration method for dried flower sample. Then, the antimicrobial effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts on eight bacterial sp. and two fungi were tested using disc diffusion method. The antioxidant effect was also determined through ferric reducing potency and phosphomolybdenum followed by total phenol determination. Finally, partial detection of bioactive compounds was conducted using chemical and calorimetric methods. Results: The results showed that ethanolic extract had the most antimicrobial effect; while aqueous extract weakly affected bacterial and fungal strains. Antioxidant experiments also revealed that ethanol extract had more antioxidant effects than aqueous extract. The most content of total phenolic compounds was found in ethanol extract. The results of the plant chemical determination showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, tannins, glycosides, and reducing sugars. Conclusion: Considering that few reports about the therapeutic effect of Rumex alveollatus L. has been published, this study could be considered as a valuable report about the important role of this plant on preventing infections and neutralizing oxidant agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In-vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of various concentrations ranging from 150 to 500 μg/ml of alcoholic (methanol and ethanol) extracts of Rumex dentatus were analyzed on different clinical bacterial strains (Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal strains (Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus flavus, Acremonium spp., Penicillium dimorphosporum, Candida albicans, Candida kruesie, Candida parapsilosis) using agar disk diffusion method and broth dilution method (MIC and MBC determination) for antimicrobial activity and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay, Riboflavin photo-oxidation assay, deoxyribose assay, lipid peroxidation assay for antioxidant activity. The extracts showed maximum inhibitory effect against K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa with no activity against S. typhimurium from among the bacterial strains while as in case of the fungal strains the maximum effect was observed against C. albicans by both the extracts. MIC and MBC values determined for active fractions of the extracts against some bacterial strains (S. flexneri, K. pneumonia and E. coli) revealed that the test organisms were inhibited by all the extracts with methanol showing lower values of both MIC and MBC indicating it as a better antimicrobial agent. The antioxidant activity showed that the extracts exhibited scavenging effect in concentration-dependent manner on superoxide anion radicals and hydroxyl radicals leading to the conclusion that the plant has got a broad spectrum antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and could be a potential alternative for treating various diseases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The root of Rumex crispus L. has been shown to possess anti-gout and anti-diabetic properties, but the compounds responsible for these pharmaceutical effects have not yet been reported. In this study, we aimed to isolate and purify active components from the root of R. crispus, and to evaluate their anti-radical, anti-gout and anti-diabetic capacities. From the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract, two compounds, chrysophanol (1) and physcion (2), were isolated by column chromatography with an elution of hexane and EtOAc at a 9:1 ratio. Their structures were identified by spectrometric techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), X-ray diffraction analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results of bioassays indicated that (1) showed stronger activities than (2). For antioxidant activity, (1) and (2) exhibited remarkable DPPH radical scavenging capacity (IC50 = 9.8 and 12.1 µg/mL), which was about two times stronger than BHT (IC50 = 19.4 µg/mL). The anti-gout property of (1) and (2) were comparable to the positive control allopurinol, these compounds exerted strong inhibition against the activity of xanthine oxidase (IC50 = 36.4 and 45.0 µg/mL, respectively). In the anti-diabetic assay, (1) and (2) displayed considerable inhibitory ability on α-glucosidase, their IC50 values (IC50 = 20.1 and 18.9 µg/mL, respectively) were higher than that of standard acarbose (IC50 = 143.4 µg/mL). Findings of this study highlight that (1) and (2) may be promising agents to treat gout and diabetes, which may greatly contribute to the medicinal properties of Rumex crispus root. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the phytopreparations of Rumex thyrsiflorus, a variety of sorrels found in Kazakhstan. The characteristics of sorrel plants are presented which demonstrates hemostatic, astringent, and anti-inflammatory biological activities. It discusses the new phytopreparation being developed which utilizes the roots of the plant. Details about the study conducted is also presented.