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The cultivar BRS Xingu was launched by EMBRAPA in 2015 with the intention of presenting higher productivity. Due to the lack of studies on this cultivar, the objective was to present the physical-chemical, centesimal, and phenolic composition of the BRS Xingu blackberry, its antioxidant capacity, protection against ROS generation, and compare it with other commercialized cultivars such as Guarani, Tupy, and Xavante. The BRS Xingu was prominent regarding anthocyanin and condensed tannin content and superior to the other cultivars. Moreover, BRS Xingu presented higher antioxidant capacity, protection of C. elegans from ROS generation, and soluble solid content when compared to Tupy, which is the most cultivated variety in the world. In the new cultivar, five anthocyanins, five phenolic acids, and ten non-anthocyanin flavonoids were identified. BRS Xingu is presented as an alternative blackberry with potential for industrialization and in natura consumption., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The objective of this study is to evaluating the Brazilian biodiversity through physicochemical characterization and determination of antioxidant potential of three species from the Myrtaceae family, namely yellow guava (Psidium cattleyanum Sabine), guabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg), and uvaia ( Eugenia pyriformis Cambess). Guabiroba had the greater quantity of phenolic compounds (9033 mg chlorogenic acid/100 g) and vitamin C (30.58 mg/g) and showed the best TSS/TTA (total soluble solid/total titratable acid) ratio (45.12). For the ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) method, the guabiroba (507.49 μM Trolox/g) presented the highest antioxidant potential; however, in the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method, uvaia (170.26 g/g DPPH) and guabiroba (161.29 g/g DPPH) were not statistically different. The uvaia outranked the other fruits with respect to its high carotenoid (909.33 μg/g) and vitamin A (37.83 μg/g) contents, and the yellow guava, although showing a lower bioactive compound content and antioxidant activity, nevertheless presented much higher values than many traditionally consumed fruits.

Native fruits have been known as a great source of bioactive compounds with potential biological effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activities of araçá ( Psidium cattleianum Sabine), butiá ( Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick) and pitanga ( Eugenia uniflora L.) and relate their chemical composition with the observed biological activity. Samples of mature fruits were extracted with ethanol and the observed biological activities were dependent of the species and concentration as well. Araçás were the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitors (IC 50 value of 25.4 ± 0.7 and 31.8 ± 0.7 µg/ml, respectively). Pitangas showed antiradical activities against DPPH, hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals. Orange pitanga and butiá from Santa Vitória do Palmar were the most active concerning anion superoxide radical. All fruits are rich in total phenolic compounds with values in the range of 454.5 ± 17.3–908.3 ± 60.8 mg of equivalents of chlorogenic acid/100 g fresh weight. Purple pitanga stood out due to their levels of anthocyanins and carotenoids. Fruits showed similar amounts of total sugars, araçás and pitangas showed higher levels of reducing sugars while butiás were the richest ones in non-reducing sugars. Fruits with lower IC 50 values for α-glucosidase inhibition were correlated with higher concentrations of reducing sugars, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and carotenoids and grouped by principal component analysis (PCA). The obtained results indicate that these native fruits are promising sources of α-glucosidase inhibitors and antioxidants that can be used to control glycemia in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Camellia sinensis, the most consumed and popular beverages worldwide, and Eugenia uniflora, a Brazilian native species, have been already confirmed to have beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, their potential acting together against an enzyme linked to this pathology has never been exploited. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory properties of individual and combined ethanolic extracts of the leaves of C. sinensis and E. uniflora over alpha-glucosidase, a key digestive enzyme used on the Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) control. In addition, their inhibitory activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH?) and peroxyl radicals was also assayed. Materials and Methods: Enzyme inhibition and antioxidant potential were assessed based on in vitro assays. Total phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and chlorophylls A and B were achieved using spectrophotometric methods. Results: E. uniflora was almost 40 times more active on alpha-glucosidase than C. sinensis and combined extracts showed a significant synergistic effect with an obtained IC50 value almost 5 times lower than the theoretical value. C. sinensis extract was twice more active than E. uniflora concerning DPPH?, in contrast, E. uniflora was almost 10 times more effective than C. sinensis on inhibition of peroxyl radicals with a significant synergistic effect for combined extracts. The extracts activities may be related with their phytochemicals, mainly phenolic compounds, and chlorophylls. Conclusion: Combined C. sinensis and E. uniflora ethanolic extracts showed synergistic effect against alpha-glucosidase and lipid peroxidation. These herbal combinations can be used to control postprandial hyperglycemia and can also provide antioxidant defenses to patients with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Araçá fruits (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) have been reported to have several biological activities, including the inhibition of the digestives enzymes. Nevertheless, the compounds responsible for these activities are not known. This study evaluated the potential of araçá phenolic fractions to inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase and related it to their phenolic composition. Extracts of edible portions (pulp-peel and seeds) of fruits from three araçá genotypes were purified and fractionated. Total phenolic content was determined using a spectrophotometric method, and individual phenolic compounds were quantified using HPLC-MS. Their enzyme inhibition and antioxidant potential were measured using in vitro assays. Higher amounts of total phenolic content were observed in pulp-peel than in seeds. These results were partially associated with the slightly higher enzyme inhibition of pulp-peel fractions. In general, araçá phenolic fractions were more active towards α-glucosidase than α-amylase when compared to acarbose, the current drug used to inhibit α-glucosidases. The antioxidant potential was dependent on accession, part of the fruit and fraction. Moreover, compounds present in the crude and purified extracts, and fractions III (quercetin, ellagic acid and p -coumaric acid) and IV (cyanidin-3- O -glucoside and malvidin-3- O -glucoside) for some samples resulted in significant inhibition of the two enzymes. • Araçá fruit fractions inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. • Enzyme inhibition was greater for pulp-peel than seeds. • Crude and purified extracts and F-III-IV had lower IC 50 values for both enzymes. • Pulp-peel a higher level of total phenolics than seeds. • Seeds have higher antioxidant capacity than peels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• NEPC fraction of yellow and red araçá were reported for the first time. • 45 and 43 phenolic compounds were found in this fraction. • NEPC fraction represented 35% (m/m) of the total phenolic content. • NEPC fraction was characterized by the richness in phenolic acids. • NEPC antioxidant capacity (against peroxyl radical) was 50% higher than EPC fraction. LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS was used to comprehensively characterise the non-extractable phenolic compounds (NEPC) in red and yellow araçá genotypes. Results showed a total of 45 and 43 phenolic compounds in the NEPC fraction and, similarly, 51 and 50 compounds in extractable phenolic compounds (EPC) fraction from red and yellow araçá, respectively. Gallic acid and ellagic acid were the unique compounds found in both fractions. The NEPC fraction represented about 35% (m/m) of the total phenolic content and was characterised by an abundance of phenolic acids, while the EPC fraction was rich in flavanols. Although NEPC represented one-third of the total phenolic compounds found in araçá, its antioxidant capacity (against peroxyl radical) was 50% higher than the EPC fraction. The results of this work show that the NEPC fraction of araçá has great diversity and a relatively high concentration of low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds with high antioxidant capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of extracts from aracá ( Psidium cattleianum ), butiá ( Butia eriospatha ), and pitanga ( Eugenia uniflora ) fruits with different flesh colors (i.e., purple, red, and orange), and blackberries ( Rubussp. ;cv.Xavante and Cherokee)collected in the southern region of Brazil.Thecontentof ascorbic acid, total carotenoids, and phenolics were determined. The profile of the phenolic compounds wasassessedbyhigh-performance liquid chromatography combined with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The antioxidant activity was determined using the ferric- reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) assay, total reactive antioxidant potential(TRAP) assay,and total antioxidantreactivity (TAR) assay. The Xavante blackberry and purple-fleshed pitanga showed the highest total phenolic content [816.50 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100g and 799.80 mg GAE/100g, respectively]. The aracá and red-fleshed pitanga showed the highest carotenoid content (6.27 ug β -caro- tene/g and 5.86 ug β-carotene/g, respectively). The fruits contained several phenolic com- pounds such as quercetin derivatives, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, and cyanidin derivatives, which may contribute differentially to the antioxidant capacity. The highest scavenging activityintheDPPHassaywasfoundforpurple-fleshedpitanga(IC50 36.78mg/L),blackberries [IC50 44.70 (Xavante) and IC50 78.25 mg/L (Cherokee)], and aracá (IC50 48.05 mg/L), which also showed the highest FRAP, followed by orange- and red-fleshed pitanga. Our results revealed that some fruits grown in southern Brazil such as purple-fleshed pitanga, blackberries, and aracá are rich sources of phenolic compounds and have great antioxidant activity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was elaborated to comparatively evaluate the preventive effect of different peach-derived products obtained from preserved fruits (Syrup and Preserve Pulp Peach [PPP]) and from fresh peels and pulps (Peel and Fresh Pulp Peach [FPP]) in a model of liver/renal toxicity and inflammation induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) in rats. Tissue damage (carbonyl, thiobarbituric acid reactive species and sulfhydril), antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and inflammatory parameters [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels, and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and nuclear factor (NF)κB-p65 immunocontent] were investigated. Our findings demonstrated that Peel, PPP and FPP (200 or 400 mg/kg) daily administration by oral gavage for 30 days conferred a significant protection against CCl 4 -induced antioxidant enzymes activation and, most importantly, oxidative damage to lipids and proteins as well as blocked induction of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, RAGE and NFκB. This antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effect seems to be associated with the abundance of carotenoids and polyphenols present in peach-derived products, which are enriched in fresh-fruit-derived preparations (Peel and FPP) but are also present in PPP. The Syrup — which was the least enriched in antioxidants — displayed no protective effect in our experiments. These effects cumulated in decreased levels of transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase leakage into serum and maintenance of organ architecture. Therefore, the herein presented results show evidence that supplementation with peach products may be protective against organ damage caused by oxidative stress, being interesting candidates for production of antioxidant-enriched functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: With the objective of stimulating the cultivation and consumption of native Brazilian fruits, the physicochemical composition and antioxidant potential of three native species, namely the araticu-do-mato (Rollinia sylvatica A. St.-Hil.), pindo palm (Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc.) and mandacaru-de-três-quinas (Cereus hildmannianus K. Schum.) were determined in this study. The pindo palm fruit stood out because of its elevated carotenoid content (39.6μg/g) and greater antioxidant capacity (26μM trolox/g of fresh sample) by the ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) method, although by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method, the pindo palm fruit (3847.5g of fresh sample/g DPPH) and mandacaru-de-três-quinas fruit (3249.8g of fresh sample/g DPPH) were considered to have the same antioxidant potential with no difference between them. The mandacaru-de-três-quinas fruit also showed the highest total phenolic compound content (1337.3mg/100g). Although the araticu-do-mato presented the highest vitamin C content (0.32mg/g), it did not differ statistically from the mandacaru-de-três-quinas fruit (0.25mg/g); on the other hand, it was considered to be equal to the pindo palm fruit (0.23mg/g). The araticu-do-mato also showed the best result for the TSS/TTA (total soluble solids/total titratable acidity) ratio (41.92), thus it was adequate for in natura consumption and for processing as well. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Food industry generates a significant amount of seed wastes from the juice production, frozen pulps and jams. Considering that the characterization of wastes is the first step to determine their potential use, the aim of the present study was to determine the composition and the antioxidant capacity of seeds from pitanga fruits with different flesh colors (purple, red and orange). Chemical composition results revealed that pitanga seeds are a good source of insoluble dietary fiber, with low protein and fat levels, and no relevant differences were found among pitanga seeds from different flesh colors. Pitanga seed extracts had powerful antioxidant capacity that was partially correlated to their high phenolic content and showed some variation according to the pitanga flesh colors. Accordingly, it's suggested that this low value waste of pitanga processing, could be used as a source of natural antioxidants and dietary fiber, for animal and/or human nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]