1. Heavy Cannabis Use Associated With Reduction in Activated and Inflammatory Immune Cell Frequencies in Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals.
- Author
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Manuzak, Jennifer A, Gott, Toni M, Kirkwood, Jay S, Coronado, Ernesto, Hensley-McBain, Tiffany, Miller, Charlene, Cheu, Ryan K, Collier, Ann C, Funderburg, Nicholas T, and Martin, Jeffery N
- Subjects
MEDICAL marijuana ,ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,CANNABIS (Genus) ,FLOW cytometry ,HIV infections ,HIV-positive persons ,INFLAMMATION ,INTERLEUKINS ,MASS spectrometry ,MONOCYTES ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,T cells ,TERPENES ,TUMOR necrosis factors ,HLA-B27 antigen - Abstract
Background. Cannabis is a widely used drug in the United States, and the frequency of cannabis use in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected population is disproportionately high. Previous human and macaque studies suggest that cannabis may have an impact on plasma viral load; however, the relationship between cannabis use and HIV-associated systemic inflammation and immune activation has not been well defined. Methods. The impact of cannabis use on peripheral immune cell frequency, activation, and function was assessed in 198 HIV- infected, antiretroviral-treated individuals by flow cytometry. Individuals were categorized into heavy, medium, or occasional cannabis users or noncannabis users based on the amount of the cannabis metabolite 11-nor-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC- COOH) detected in plasma by mass spectrometry. Results. Heavy cannabis users had decreased frequencies of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR
+ CD38+ CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell frequencies, compared to frequencies of these cells in non-cannabis-using individuals. Heavy cannabis users had decreased frequencies of intermediate and nonclassical monocyte subsets, as well as decreased frequencies of interleukin 23- and tumor necrosis factor-α-producing antigen-presenting cells. Conclusions. While the clinical implications are unclear, our findings suggest that cannabis use is associated with a potentially beneficial reduction in systemic inflammation and immune activation in the context of antiretroviral-treated HIV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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