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This study was carried out to fabricate nickel oxide nanostructures (NONS) and to evaluate its ability to control Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) by direct antiviral activity as well as induction of systemic resistance in treated cucumber plants. The efficacy of nickel oxide nanostructures for control CMV in cucumber plants was biologically evaluated by a reduction in disease severity, reduction in CMV accumulation and expression of regulatory and defense-related genes. Cucumber plants treated with nickel oxide nanostructures showed incredible suppression of CMV infection compared with non-treated plants. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed a marked reduction in CMV accumulation in cucumber plants treated with nickel oxide nanostructures compared to untreated plants. Based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, cucumber plants treated with nickel oxide nanostructures showed increased expression of regulatory and defense-related genes concerned in salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) signaling pathways. NONS nanostructures showed direct antiviral activity against CMV resulted in significant reduction in CMV severity and titer relative to untreated plants. Treatment with nickel oxide nanostructures significantly improved cucumber fresh and dry weights as well as number of leaves. The induction of systemic resistance towards CMV by NONS nanostructures considered a novel strategy and first report., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: This study fabricated titanium dioxide nanostructures (TDNS) to control broad bean stain virus (BBSV) in faba bean plants. Protection of faba bean against BBSV was evaluated biologically with respect to virus severity, reduction in BBSV accumulation and expression of a pathogenesis-related gene., Results: The results indicate that faba bean plants treated with TDNS show a significant reduction in disease severity relative to untreated plants. The regulatory and defense gene involved in the salicylic acid signaling pathway was highly expressed in faba bean plants treated with TDNS compared with untreated plants. The structural features of TDNS, such as the small particle size and suitable shape, contributed to its high efficacy against BBSV. Growth of faba bean plants treated with TDNS was significantly enhanced relative to untreated plants., Conculsion: TDNS is an important, eco-friendly and safe strategy for controlling BBSV in faba bean and this study is the first report of this control strategy. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.)