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Rationale: Psychological resilience is characterized as the ability to respond to extreme stress or trauma or adverse experience successfully. While the relation between public emergencies and psychological distress is well known, research on therelationship between psychological resilience and mental health is very limited during the outbreak of public health emergencies., Objective: This research investigated the relationship between psychological resilience and mental health (depression, anxiety, somatization symptoms) among the general population in China., Method: Psychological resilience, depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms of 1770 Chinese citizens were investigated during the epidemic peak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (23rd February 2020 to 2nd March 2020). The analyses were done through the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) scale., Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, somatization symptoms was found to be 47.1%, 31.9%, 45.9%, respectively, among all participants. From them, 18.2% showed moderate to severe symptoms of depression, 8.8% showed moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety, and 16.6% showed moderate to severe symptoms of somatization. Psychological resilience was negatively correlated with depression (standardized β = -0.490, P < 0.001), anxiety (standardized β = -0.443, P < 0.001), and somatization symptom scores (standardized β = -0.358, P < 0.001), while controlling for confounding factors. Analysis of the three-factor resilience structure showed that strength and tenacity were correlated with depression (standardized β = -0.256, P < 0.001; standardized β = -0.217, P < 0.001), anxiety (standardized β = -0.268, P < 0.001; standardized β = -0.147, P < 0.001), and somatization symptoms (standardized β = -0.236, P < 0.001; standardized β = -0.126, P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Our results suggest that there is a high prevalence of psychological distresses among the general population at the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic in China, which is negatively correlated with resilience. Psychological resilience represents an essential target for psychological intervention in a public health emergency., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Abstract To explore the moderating effect of mindfulness on the relationship between anxiety and somatization symptoms in middle‐aged and elderly female patients with hypertension and provide a foundation for the development of more effective mindfulness intervention strategies. A total of 109 middle‐aged and elderly female patients with hypertension participated in this cross‐sectional study from April to July 2022 and provided valid responses to the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Somatization Symptom Self‐rating Scale (SSS). The moderating effect of mindfulness was determined using multiple linear regression. The participants’ average scores were as follows: mindfulness: 123.86 ± 10.49; anxiety: 7.41 ± 3.62; and somatization symptoms: 41.2 ± 9.44. The anxiety (P = .000) and somatization symptoms (P = .001) of participants with high mindfulness were significantly reduced. Anxiety was positively correlated with somatization symptoms (r = 0.606, P = .000), while mindfulness was negatively correlated with both anxiety (r = ‐0.468, P = .000) and somatization symptoms (r = ‐0.439, P = .000). Moreover, mindfulness had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between anxiety and somatization symptoms (n = 109) (B = ‐0.166, t = ‐2.125, P = .036). The effect of mindfulness on anxiety and somatization symptoms was more significant in participants with low mindfulness levels (n = 56) (B = 0.144, t = 2.805, P = .008) than in participants with high mindfulness levels (n = 53) (B = ‐0.037, t = ‐0.864, P = .393). The moderating effect analysis based on regression analysis showed that mindfulness had a significant moderating effect on anxiety and somatization symptoms, especially in participants with low mindfulness levels.

Abstract Background: Resilience resources are predispositions that promote individuals’ abilities to cope with stress. Objective: The current cross-sectional study used path analysis with parallel multiple mediators to test whether coping behaviors mediated associations between resilience resources and somatic, depression, and anxiety symptoms during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: Undergraduates at a small Northeastern college (n = 193) completed online surveys assessing resilience resources, coping, and symptoms. Results: Results support significant indirect effects from resilience resources to somatic symptoms through positive reinterpretation and growth, mental disengagement, and substance use. Total indirect effects for depressive symptoms were driven by mental disengagement and substance use, with a direct effect of resilience resources. The effect of resilience resources on anxiety symptoms was mediated by mental disengagement, and there was a direct effect of resilience resources. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that some coping strategies link resilience resources to better outcomes, potentially informing interventions for adaptive coping during public health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the moderating effect of mindfulness on the relationship between anxiety and somatization symptoms in middle‐aged and elderly female patients with hypertension and provide a foundation for the development of more effective mindfulness intervention strategies. A total of 109 middle‐aged and elderly female patients with hypertension participated in this cross‐sectional study from April to July 2022 and provided valid responses to the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Somatization Symptom Self‐rating Scale (SSS). The moderating effect of mindfulness was determined using multiple linear regression. The participants' average scores were as follows: mindfulness: 123.86 ± 10.49; anxiety: 7.41 ± 3.62; and somatization symptoms: 41.2 ± 9.44. The anxiety (P =.000) and somatization symptoms (P =.001) of participants with high mindfulness were significantly reduced. Anxiety was positively correlated with somatization symptoms (r = 0.606, P =.000), while mindfulness was negatively correlated with both anxiety (r = ‐0.468, P =.000) and somatization symptoms (r = ‐0.439, P =.000). Moreover, mindfulness had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between anxiety and somatization symptoms (n = 109) (B = ‐0.166, t = ‐2.125, P =.036). The effect of mindfulness on anxiety and somatization symptoms was more significant in participants with low mindfulness levels (n = 56) (B = 0.144, t = 2.805, P =.008) than in participants with high mindfulness levels (n = 53) (B = ‐0.037, t = ‐0.864, P =.393). The moderating effect analysis based on regression analysis showed that mindfulness had a significant moderating effect on anxiety and somatization symptoms, especially in participants with low mindfulness levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are concerning exposures that may have detrimental effects on mental health. Much of the prior evidence on ACEs comes from the U.S and western developed countries. In light of the limited knowledge of ACEs in other social contexts and the interconnection among adversities, this study aims to identify distinct patterns of co-occurring ACEs and examines the associations between those adversities and mental health in South Korea. We used data from a national sample of Korean college students recruited via non-probability quota sampling in 2019 (N = 1037). The dependent variables included three measures of mental health assessed by the Brief Symptom Inventory depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and somatization symptoms. The independent variable was the patterns of ACEs identified using 14 indicators of childhood adversity. We conducted a Latent Class Analysis with a distal outcome, using the Bolck, Croons, and Hagenaars method. The analysis found four patterns of ACEs: extreme adversity (8%), family violence (20.3%), economic adversity (10.4%), and low adversity (61.3%). The extreme adversity group exhibited multiple exposures, including interpersonal violence in home environments, economic hardship, and bullying victimization by peers. The results suggest that the extreme adversity and family violence groups showed significantly worse mental health symptoms than the economic adversity and low adversity groups. Also, the extreme adversity group reported significantly higher levels of depression symptoms and somatization symptoms than the family violence group. This study expands the current understanding of ACEs and their harmful effects on mental health in young adulthood specific to Korea while comparing them with other social contexts. Researchers and practitioners should recognize the co-occurrence of child adversities, rather than overestimating sole adversity, to develop effective strategies for promoting mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Depression, anxiety and somatoform disorders are all more prevalent in women than in men. However, specific biological mechanisms contributing to such sex differences remain unknown. Serotonergic pathways are involved in mood and behavior regulation and thus have been suggested to be altered in several psychiatric disorders. The serotonin transporter (SERT), encoded by SLC6A4 gene, has received major attention due to its crucial role in serotonergic transmission. Methods 148 monozygotic twin subjects were assessed for (i) lifetime categorical diagnosis of anxious-depressive disorders, following SCID-I-based DSM-IV criteria, and (ii) current psychiatric symptomatology, from a dimensional approach, by means of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). SLC6A4 gene methylation was analyzed by means of Infinium HumanMethylation450 in a subset of the sample. CpG-specific methylation at the promoter region of SLC6A4 gene was further analyzed by means of pyrosequencing technology in the total sample. Results SLC6A4 methylation was found to be significantly higher in women when compared to men independent of DSM-IV diagnosis. SLC6A4 methylation was further associated with the BSI-derived somatization dimension. Conclusions Female hypermethylation of a discrete region located within SLC6A4 promoter region could underlie differential SERT expression in women when compared to men and could be one of the causative mechanisms by which women exhibit increased prevalence of somatic symptoms. Highlights • The SLC6A4 gene contains differentially methylated CpG sites as a function of sex. • These sex-based methylation signatures are independent of either age or tissue. • DNA methylation at this region is positively associated with somatization symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]