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Background: Decision-making in aortic aneurysm involves careful weighing of spontaneous prognosis and operative risk. There is limited recent information regarding operative risk and risk factors using current surgical strategies., Methods: From 1998 to 2010, 1,221 patients (60 ± 15 years, 67 % male) underwent elective proximal aortic replacement (286 ascending aortic replacement, 699 concomitant root and 387 concomitant arch replacement). Additional cardiac procedures were necessary in 48 %. Previous cardiovascular operations had been performed in 9.6 % (aortic valve 6.3 %, ascending aorta 2.9 %, coronary artery bypass grafting 2.2 %)., Results: Early mortality was 4.2 % overall; it was 2.6 % for isolated aortic replacement as primary surgery. In patients younger than 70 years (n = 829), mortality was 2.4 % overall and 1.2 % for isolated and primary surgery; it was 7.9 and 6.4 %, respectively, in patients ≥ 70 years. Mortality was not significantly influenced by root replacement (P = 0.13) or arch replacement (P = 0.27). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified higher age (P < 0.01), chronic aortic dissection (P < 0.01), history of previous cardiovascular surgery (P < 0.01), aortic valve stenosis (P = 0.03), and chronic renal insufficiency (P = 0.03) as independent predictors for increased early mortality. Previous cardiovascular surgery was an independent predictor for increased early mortality in patients younger than 70 (P < 0.01), chronic renal insufficiency was that in patients ≥ 70 years (P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Using contemporary techniques the risk of proximal aortic replacement is low, in particular in younger patients without previous cardiac or aortic surgery. The risk is increased in older patients, in particular with chronic renal insufficiency. This information should be considered in decision-making for prophylactic aortic replacement.

Objectives: An ascending aortic aneurysm with aortic valve regurgitation (AR) may be treated by sinutubular junction remodelling (STJR) with aortic cusp repair if the root diameter is preserved. We analysed the outcome of STJR with cusp repair., Methods: Between 1995 and 2010, 1094 patients underwent valve-preserving surgery. Of these, 560 individuals with root replacement, 128 patients with acute aortic dissection and 262 patients with preoperative AR ≤ II were excluded. The remaining 144 patients (mean age 56.0 ± 17.0 years, 103 males) underwent STJR ± cusp repair for ascending aortic aneurysm and AR ≥ III. In all, sinus dimensions were preserved according to the following criteria: maximum diameter ≤42 mm in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV, n = 59) and unicuspid aortic valve (UAV, n = 27), and ≤45 mm in tricuspid aortic valves (TAV, n = 58). In BAV, right-left (n = 52) and right-non-coronary (n = 7) cusp fusions were seen. To evaluate the influence of valve morphology, patients were divided into two groups: TAV and non-TAV. The patients with non-TAV were younger (P < 0.01) and had less concomitant cardiac surgery (P < 0.01). The mean follow-up was 25.9 ± 22.0 months., Results: Early mortality was 2.1% (n = 3). The causes of death were cardiac (n = 1), respiratory (n = 1) and mesenteric ischaemia (n = 1). Higher age was the predictor of early mortality by multivariate analysis (P = 0.04, hazard ratio 13.2). Overall 5-year survival was 93.9 ± 2.9% (TAV, 82.8 ± 10.2%; non-TAV, 98.5 ± 1.5%; P = 0.02). Causes of late death were cardiac (n = 1), respiratory (n = 1) and carcinoma (n = 1). Freedom from recurrent AR ≥ III at 5 years was 80.1 ± 7.7% (TAV, 97.0 ± 3.0%; non-TAV, 73.4 ± 8.7%; P = 0.02). By multivariate analysis, only aortoventricular junction (AVJ) > 28 mm (P < 0.01, hazard ratio 9.7) was a predictor of recurrent AR. Freedom from reoperation at 5 years was 81.9 ± 7.8% (TAV, 97.0 ± 3.0%; non-TAV, 76.6 ± 8.8%; P < 0.05). The causes of reoperation (five re-aortic valve repairs and four valve replacements) were dehiscence of pericardial patch (n = 7) and recurrent cusp prolapse (n = 2). By multivariate analysis, only AVJ > 28 mm was a significant predictor for reoperation (P < 0.01, hazard ratio 11.6)., Conclusions: STJR with cusp repair is a useful technique in patients with an ascending aortic aneurysm and relevant AR. Although the dilated AVJ is a risk of recurrent AR and reoperation, concomitant cusp repair is associated with an acceptable mid-term outcome.

Background: Destructive aortic valve endocarditis causes the development of left ventricular-aortic discontinuity. Our experience of aortic root replacement in patients with the left ventricular-aortic discontinuity is presented., Methods: Between 1999 and 2006, 8 patients (7 men, 1 woman) with left ventricular-aortic discontinuity underwent aortic root replacement in our institute. Their mean age was 56 years. Six patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III or higher. Four patients were diagnosed to have native valve endocarditis, and 4 had prosthetic valve endocarditis (previous aortic valve replacements in 2 patients, aortic root replacements in 2). Radical débridement of the aortic root abscess was performed in all patients, followed by reconstruction of the aortic annulus using autologous or xenogenic pericardium in 2 patients. Fibrin glue saturated with antibiotics was applied into the cavity in 5 patients. Aortic root replacement was achieved with pulmonary autograft (Ross procedure) in 4 patients and stentless aortic root xenograft in 3. One patient who had advanced liver cirrhosis underwent aortic valve replacement with a stentless xenograft by subcoronary fashion., Results: No patients died during hospitalization or follow-up. Freedom from major adverse cardiac events was noted in 67% of the patients at 5 years., Conclusions: An excellent outcome can be achieved by radical exclusion of abscess in the cavity, followed by root replacement with viable pulmonary autograft or flexible stentless aortic root xenograft in patients with left ventricular-aortic discontinuity.