1. Comparison of Transvalvular Aortic Mean Gradients Obtained by Intraprocedural Echocardiography and Invasive Measurement in Balloon and Self-Expanding Transcatheter Valves.
- Author
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Abbas AE, Mando R, Kadri A, Khalili H, Hanzel G, Shannon F, Al-Azizi K, Waggoner T, Kassas S, Pilgrim T, Okuno T, Camacho A, Selberg A, Elmariah S, Bavry A, Ternacle J, Christensen J, Gheewala N, Pibarot P, and Mack M
- Subjects
- Aortic Valve diagnostic imaging, Aortic Valve surgery, Echocardiography, Hemodynamics, Humans, Prosthesis Design, Treatment Outcome, Aortic Valve Stenosis diagnostic imaging, Aortic Valve Stenosis surgery, Heart Valve Prosthesis
- Abstract
Background Concerns about discordance between echocardiographic and invasive mean gradients after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with balloon-expandable valves (BEVs) versus self-expanding valves (SEVs) exist. Methods and Results In a multicenter study, direct-invasive and echocardiography-derived transvalvular mean gradients obtained before and after TAVR were compared as well as post-TAVR and discharge echocardiographic mean gradients in BEVs versus SEVs in 808 patients. Pre-TAVR, there was good correlation ( R =0.614; P <0.0001) between direct-invasive and echocardiography-derived mean gradients and weak correlation ( R =0.138; P <0.0001) post-TAVR. Compared with post-TAVR echocardiographic mean gradients, both valves exhibit lower invasive and higher discharge echocardiographic mean gradients. Despite similar invasive mean gradients, a small BEV exhibits higher post-TAVR and discharge echocardiographic mean gradients than a large BEV, whereas small and large SEVs exhibit similar post-TAVR and discharge mean gradients. An ejection fraction <50% ( P =0.028) and higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality score ( P =0.007), but not invasive or echocardiographic mean gradient ≥10 mm Hg ( P =0.378 and P =0.341, respectively), nor discharge echocardiographic mean gradient ≥20 mm Hg ( P =0.393), were associated with increased 2-year mortality. Conclusions Invasively measured and echocardiography-derived transvalvular mean gradients correlate well in aortic stenosis but weakly post-TAVR. Post-TAVR, echocardiography overestimates transvalvular mean gradients compared with invasive measurements, and poor correlation suggests these modalities cannot be used interchangeably. Moreover, echocardiographic mean gradients are higher on discharge than post-TAVR in all valves. Despite similar invasive mean gradients, a small BEV exhibits higher post-TAVR and discharge echocardiographic mean gradients than a large BEV, whereas small and large SEVs exhibit similar post-TAVR and discharge mean gradients. Immediately post-TAVR, elevated echocardiographic-derived mean gradients should be assessed with caution and compared with direct-invasive mean gradients. A low ejection fraction and higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons score, but not elevated mean gradients, are associated with increased 2-year mortality.
- Published
- 2021
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