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Introduction Exercise-induced apelin as a myokine is believed to play a role in the improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and capillarization. In this study, we evaluated the association between exercise-induced apelin and muscle capillarization. Methods Zucker rats underwent a treadmill exercise program. Body composition, muscle strength, muscle size, muscle capillarization, and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment [HOMA-IR]) were measured. Apelin levels of skeletal muscle and plasma were then analyzed. Results Exercise improved body composition (P

Exercise-induced apelin as a myokine is believed to play a role in the improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and capillarization. In this study, we evaluated the association between exercise-induced apelin and muscle capillarization.Zucker rats underwent a treadmill exercise program. Body composition, muscle strength, muscle size, muscle capillarization, and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment [HOMA-IR]) were measured. Apelin levels of skeletal muscle and plasma were then analyzed.Exercise improved body composition (P 0.05), HOMA-IR (P 0.05), and grip strength (P 0.001). In the soleus, the fiber size of T2DM was decreased (P 0.001), but it increased in fiber size and capillarization after exercise (P 0.001) occurred. We identified an increase in plasma apelin (P 0.05) and a decrease in soleus apelin (P 0.01), as well as an association between soleus apelin and angiogenesis (P 0.01).A role for exercise-induced apelin in improving metabolism indicates the possibility of a new drug target for the treatment of metabolic diseases and repairing skeletal muscle damage. Muscle Nerve 56: 1155-1163, 2017.