1. Resveratrol induces AMPK and mTOR signaling inhibition-mediated autophagy and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells.
- Author
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Ma R, Yu D, Peng Y, Yi H, Wang Y, Cheng T, Shi B, Yang G, Lai W, Wu X, Lu Y, and Shi J
- Subjects
- Adenine analogs & derivatives, Adenine pharmacology, Adenosine Monophosphate metabolism, Beclin-1 metabolism, Caspase 3 metabolism, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Survival drug effects, Humans, Microtubule-Associated Proteins metabolism, Multiple Myeloma pathology, Phosphorylation drug effects, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases metabolism, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Apoptosis drug effects, Autophagy drug effects, Multiple Myeloma metabolism, Resveratrol pharmacology, Signal Transduction drug effects, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism
- Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural compound extracted from the skins of grapes, berries, or other fruits, has been shown to have anti-tumor effects against multiple myeloma (MM) via promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell viability. In addition to apoptosis, autophagy also plays a significant role in anti-tumor effects. However, whether autophagy is involved in anti-MM activity of resveratrol remains unclear. In this study, human MM cell lines U266, RPMI-8226, and NCI-H929 were treated with resveratrol. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and colony formation assay were used to measure cell viability. Western blot analysis was used to detect apoptosis- and autophagy-associated proteins. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) was applied to inhibit autophagy. Results showed that resveratrol inhibited cell viability and colony formation via promoting apoptosis and autophagy in MM cell lines U266, RPMI-8226, and NCI-H929. Resveratrol promoted apoptosis-related proteins, Caspase-3 activating poly-ADP-ribose polymerase and Caspase-3 cleavage, and decreased the protein level of Survivin in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, resveratrol upregulated the levels of LC3 and Beclin1 in a dose-dependent way, indicating that autophagy might be implicated in anti-MM effect of resveratrol. Furthermore, 3-MA relieved the cytotoxicity of resveratrol by blocking the autophagic flux. Resveratrol increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase and decreased the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream substrates p70S6K and 4EBP1 in a dose-dependent manner, leading to autophagy. Therefore, our results suggest that resveratrol exerts anti-MM effects through apoptosis and autophagy, which can be used as a new therapeutic strategy for MM in clinic., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2021
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