80 results on '"Zhao, Yuan-an"'
Search Results
2. The study of schizogenous formation of secretory ducts in Ferula ferulaeoides (Steud.) Korov.
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Liu, Meng-meng, Zhao, Yuan-yuan, Ma, Ying, Liu, Shuang-shuang, Yao, Jia-qi, Chi, Ya-ping, Li, Hui-fang, Liao, Kai, and Zhu, Yun
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MEDICINAL plants , *ENDOPLASMIC reticulum , *GUMS & resins , *APOPTOSIS , *ELECTRON microscopy , *CYTOCHEMISTRY , *PLANT extracts - Abstract
The secretory ducts of Ferula ferulaeoides (Steud.) Korov. are the main tissue of synthesis, secretion, and accumulation of resin. The formation of secretory ducts is closely related to the harvest and quality of resin, but the lumen formation mode and corresponding mechanism have not been thoroughly studied. This study of F. ferulaeoides investigated the microstructure and ultrastructure of the secretory ducts from a developmental point of view. Stem samples were analyzed by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. The data results showed (1) the walls of secretory cells were intact during the development of secretory ducts in F. ferulaeoides; (2) the plastids and endoplasmic reticulum of secretory cells participated in the synthesis of resin; (3) pectinase was involved in the degradation of the middle lamella; and (4) no features of programmed cell death during the formation of secretory ducts. The results suggested that the formation of F. ferulaeoides' secretory ducts was schizogenous, and pectinase was involved in its formation. These data may be beneficial to further explore the formation of secretory duct in other species of Ferula L. and the formation mechanism of schizogenous secretory structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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3. Antitumor mechanism of Se-containing polysaccharide, a novel organic selenium compound
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Shang, Dejing, Cui, Qiao, Li, Yang, Yu, Zhi, Wen, Lei, Zhao, Yuan, and Zhang, Jianing
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- 2009
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4. Exploring the potential molecular intersection of stroke and major depression disorder.
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Zhao, Yuan, Sun, Wenzhe, Fan, Qinlin, Huang, Yanjie, Ma, Yufan, Zhang, Shuang, Gong, Changxiong, Wang, Bingqiao, Zhang, Wanyun, Yang, Qingwu, and Lin, Sen
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MENTAL depression , *STROKE , *APOPTOSIS , *NEUROLOGICAL disorders , *ANIMAL experimentation - Abstract
Stroke and major depression disorder are common neurological diseases, and a large number of clinical studies have shown that there is a close relationship between the two diseases, but whether the two diseases are linked at the genetic level needs to be further explored. The purpose of this study was to explore the comorbidity mechanism of stroke and major depression by using bioinformatics technology and animal experiments. From the GEO database, we gathered transcriptome data of stroke and depression mice (GSE104036, GSE131712, GSE81672, and GSE146845) and identified comorbid gene set through edgR and WGCNA analyses. Further analysis revealed that these genes were enriched in pathways associated with cell death. Programmed cell death gene sets (PCDGs) are generated from genes related to apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and autophagy. The intersection of PCDGs and comorbid gene set resulted in two hub genes, Mlkl and Nlrp3. Single-cell sequencing analysis indicated that Mlkl and Nlrp3 are mainly influential on endothelial cells and microglia, suggesting that the impairment of these two cell types may be a factor in the relationship between stroke and major depression. This was experimentally confirmed by RT–PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Our research revealed that two specific genes, namely, Mlkl and Nlrp3 , play crucial roles in the complex mechanism that links stroke and major depression. Additionally, we have predicted six possible therapeutic agents and the outcomes of docking simulations of target proteins and drug molecules. • The changes of gene expression in brain tissues of stroke and major depression have some overlap. • Programmed cell death plays an important role in molecular interactions between stroke and major depression. • Mlkl and Nlrp3 are the hub genes involved in the comorbidity mechanism of stroke and major depression. • Necroptosis and pyroptosis of endothelial cells and microglia are common pathological changes of stroke and major depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Apoptotic Effect of 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Radiation on NIH/3T3 Cells
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Wen-Zhe Hou, Xiangqian Xiao, Jing-Dong Song, Jintao Li, Manuel Murbach, Dan-Yang Li, Ming-Lian Wang, Kiana Oskouei, Yishu Yang, and Zhao-Yuan Liang
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p53 ,Cell Survival ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,lcsh:Medicine ,Apoptosis ,Mitochondrion ,Immunofluorescence ,electromagnetic radiation ,3T3 cells ,Article ,Flow cytometry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Western blot ,medicine ,Animals ,Viability assay ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,cell apoptosis ,Chemistry ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Molecular biology ,mitochondria ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,NIH 3T3 Cells ,Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 - Abstract
To investigate the effect of 1800 MHz electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on apoptosis, we exposed NIH/3T3 cells at 1800 MHz with a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2 W/kg intermittently for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. After exposure, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis, the expression of p53, a molecule with the key role in apoptosis, was measured by real-time qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence, and images of the structure of the mitochondria, directly reflecting apoptosis, were captured by electron microscopy. The results showed that the viability of cells in the 12, 36, and 48 h exposure groups significantly decreased compared with the sham groups, after 48 h of exposure, the percentage of late apoptotic cells in the exposure group was significantly higher. Real-time qPCR results showed that p53 mRNA in the 48 h exposure group was 1.4-fold of that in the sham group, significant differences of p53 protein fluorescence expression were observed between the exposure groups and the sham groups after 24 h and 48 h. The mitochondrial swelling and vesicular morphology were found in the electron microscopy images after 48 h exposure. These findings demonstrated 1800 MHz, SAR 2 W/kg EMR for 48 h may cause apoptosis in NIH/3T3 cells and that this apoptosis might be attributed to mitochondrial damage and upregulation of p53 expression.
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- 2020
6. Expression of Hsp70-2 in unilateral cryptorchid testis of rhesus monkey during germ cell apoptosis
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Zhou, Xin-Chang, Han, Xiao-Bin, Hu, Zhao-Yuan, Zhou, Ru-Jin, and Liu, Yi-Xun
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- 2001
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7. Cytotoxic and chemosensitization effects of Scutellarin from traditional Chinese herb Scutellaria altissima L. in human prostate cancer cells
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Zhongling Jiang, Wenru Tian, Rongfeng Cao, Yinglu Zhou, Dongjun Zhang, Zhao Yuan, Chen Gao, Cong Xia, and Huatao Li
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Scutellaria ,Glucuronates ,Pharmacology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Prostate cancer ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell Line, Tumor ,CDC2 Protein Kinase ,medicine ,Humans ,Apigenin ,Cyclin B1 ,Cell Proliferation ,Scutellarin ,Oncogene ,Cytotoxins ,business.industry ,Cell growth ,apoptosis ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Cancer ,Articles ,Cell Cycle Checkpoints ,General Medicine ,Cell cycle ,prostate cancer ,Flow Cytometry ,medicine.disease ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,030104 developmental biology ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ,Oncology ,chemistry ,cell cycle arrest ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Apoptosis ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer cell ,chemosensitizing effects ,business ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal - Abstract
Scutellaria altissima L. is a common traditional Chinese medicine used to treat inflammation in some countries. Scutellarin, an active major flavone glycoside isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria altissima L., has been shown to offer various beneficial biochemical effects on cerebrovascular diseases and inflammation. However, the antiproliferative effects of Scutellarin in prostate cancer and the underlying mechanism are not fully elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to ascertain whether Scutellarin inhibits cancer cell growth and to further explore the molecular mechanism. Scutellarin enhanced the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to cisplatin. MTT assays revealed that cell viability was significantly decreased in the prostate cancer cells treated with Scutellarin. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that Scutellarin suppressed cell proliferation by promoting G2/M arrest and inducing apoptosis. We employed western blotting to delineate the underlying mechanisms involved in the G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Comet assay and γH2AX immunocytochemistry were used to detect levels of DNA damage in PC3 cells exposed to Scutellarin and/or cisplatin. Our data revealed that Scutellarin significantly induced prostate cancer cell apoptosis by activating the caspase cascade. An increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase were accompanied by the apoptosis induction. Additionally, Scutellarin altered the protein expression of cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory genes by downregulating Cdc2, cyclin B1 and Bcl-2 and upregulating caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, Scutellarin sensitized PC3 cells to cisplastin treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our data confirmed the cytotoxicity of Scutellarin against prostate cancer PC3 cells and provide new findings in regards to Scutellarin sensitizing prostate cancer cells to chemotherapy. Our findings suggest that Scutellarin has potential to be used as a novel antineoplastic therapeutic candidate for prostate cancer patients.
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- 2017
8. Evaluation of the efficacy of paclitaxel with curcumin combination in ovarian cancer cells
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Si-Qing Ning, Yuan-Yuan Zhu, Zhao Yuan Li, and Zeng Liu
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Cancer Research ,Cell ,Nanoparticle ,02 engineering and technology ,Biology ,Pharmacology ,paclitaxel ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,multidrug resistance ,medicine ,curcumin ,Articles ,Cell cycle ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,ovarian cancer ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,chemistry ,Paclitaxel ,Cell culture ,Apoptosis ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Curcumin ,Biophysics ,nanoparticles ,0210 nano-technology ,Ovarian cancer - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of paclitaxel combined with curcumin (CUR) against drug resistance in ovarian cancer cells. PLGA-phospholipid-PEG nanoparticles were prepared using the nano precipitation method. The size and morphology of the nanoparticles were determined using a transmission electron microscope and particle size analyzer. The encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles was determined using the ultrafiltration centrifugation method. The dialysis method was used to study the release of PLGA-phospholipid-PEG nanoparticles. ADM was used to induce the A2780 cell line (human ovarian cancer cell line) to establish the model of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) cell line, and the protein activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the A2780 cell line and A2780/ADM resistant cell line was determined using western blot analysis. The results showed that, the prepared nanoparticles were uniform in size, with a size of approximately 100 nm, and round in shape. Additionally, the nanoparticles had a more gentle and slow release than the free drug release. The results of the protein trace printing experiment showed that the P-gp content of the drug-resistant cell line was significantly reduced by the CUR nanoparticles. In conclusion, PLGA-phospholipid nanoparticles containing taxol and CUR have improved solubility and stability together with a slow release effect. In addition, CUR was able to overcome the MDR of tumor cells by elevating the paclitaxel concentration in the tumor cells to improve the antitumor activity of this combination.
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- 2016
9. Effect of taxol on the expression of FoxM1 ovarian cancer-associated gene
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Zhao Yuan Li, Yuan-Yuan Zhu, Si-Qing Ning, Yu Xiao, Zeng Liu, and Gang Hu
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0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Biology ,RT-polymerase chain reaction ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Gene ,Oncogene ,western blotting ,Cancer ,Articles ,Cell cycle ,medicine.disease ,Molecular medicine ,030104 developmental biology ,ovarian cancer ,Apoptosis ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,FoxM1 ,interrelation ,FOXM1 ,Cancer research ,Ovarian cancer - Abstract
The incidence of ovarian cancer in women has been on the increase in recent years. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of taxol on the expression of ovarian cancer-associated gene forkhead box transcription factor M1 (FoxM1) and its therapeutic effects for ovarian cancer. The expression of FoxM1 gene was examined in patients with or without ovarian cancer. RNA and protein levels of FoxM1 gene of ovarian cancer patients were detected at different time periods (1, 3, 6, 8, 12 and 24 months) after treatment with taxol. The results showed that the mRNA level of FoxM1 gene in patients with ovarian cancer was significantly higher than that in normal women (P
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- 2016
10. Study of miR-143 expression in stomach cancer
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Zeng Liu, Qing-Feng Li, Zhao-Yuan Li, Wenrong Fu, Yu-Fang Zhu, and Huang Shaojun
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Cancer Research ,stomach cancer ,Oncogene ,proliferation ,Cell ,apoptosis ,Cancer ,Articles ,Cell cycle ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Molecular medicine ,miR-143 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,Cell culture ,Apoptosis ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,medicine ,Cancer research ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Stomach cancer - Abstract
The present study was planned to investigate miR-143 expression during stomach cancer. The study explored the relationship between miR-143 expression and clinicopathological characteristics including proliferation, migration and apoptosis of stomach cancer cells. Sixty-three samples from each of stomach cancer tissue and surrounding tissue were obtained. Total RNA was extracted. The expression levels of miR-143 from stomach cancer tissue as well as from surrounding tissue were measured by semi-quantitative PCR. The effects of miR-143 overexpression on the migration of stomach cancer cells were examined by Transwell assay. The effects of miR-143 overexpression on the apoptosis of stomach cancer cells were examined by flow cytometer. The expression level of miR-143 was significantly decreased in stomach cancer tissues in comparison to surrounding tissues (P
- Published
- 2018
11. Resveratrol protects the integrity of alveolar epithelial barrier via SIRT1/PTEN/p‐Akt pathway in methamphetamine‐induced chronic lung injury.
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Wang, Xin, Liu, Ming, Zhu, Mei‐Jia, Shi, Lin, Liu, Lian, Zhao, Yuan‐Ling, Cheng, Lin, Gu, Ying‐Jian, Zhou, Ming‐Yuan, Chen, Lei, Kumar, Ashok, and Wang, Yun
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LUNG injuries ,RESVERATROL ,EPITHELIAL cells ,INTEGRITY ,OXIDATIVE stress ,WESTERN immunoblotting - Abstract
Objectives: SIRT1 is an antioxidative factor, but its mechanism in methamphetamine (MA)‐induced lung injury remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine whether MA can disrupt the integrity of alveolar epithelial barrier, whether SIRT1 is involved in MA‐induced chronic lung injury and whether Resveratrol (Res) can protect the integrity of alveolar epithelial cells by regulating ROS to activate SIRT1/PTEN/p‐Akt pathway. Materials and methods: The rats were randomly divided into control group and MA group. Extracted lungs were detected by Western blot, HE staining and immunohistochemistry. The alveolar epithelial cells were treated with MA or/and Res, following by Western blot, LDH leakage assay and flow cytometry. MOE is used for bio‐informatics prediction. Results: Chronic exposure to MA can cause slower growth ratio of weight, increased RVI and induced lung injury including the reduced number of alveolar sacs and the thickened alveolar walls. MA‐induced apoptosis was associated with SIRT1‐related oxidative stress. Res suppressed ROS levels, activated SIRT1, negatively regulated PTEN, phosphorylated Akt, reduced LDH leakage, increased the expression of ZO‐1 and E‐cadherin and inhibited the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells to attenuate MA‐induced higher permeability of alveolar epithelium. Conclusions: MA disrupted the integrity of alveolar epithelial barrier. Res inhibited oxidative stress and reversed MA‐induced higher permeability and apoptosis of alveolar epithelium by the activation of SIRT1/PTEN/p‐Akt pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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12. Dexmedetomidine Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Enhancing Autophagy Through Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway.
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Zhao, Yuan, Feng, Xiujing, Li, Bei, Sha, Jichen, Wang, Chaoran, Yang, Tianyuan, Cui, Hailin, and Fan, Honggang
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ACUTE kidney failure ,DEXMEDETOMIDINE ,KIDNEY injuries ,BLOOD urea nitrogen ,OXIDATIVE stress ,LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES ,ADRENERGIC receptors ,MOLECULAR pharmacology - Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often secondary to sepsis. Previous studies suggest that damaged mitochondria and the inhibition of autophagy results in AKI during sepsis, but dexmedetomidine (DEX) alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI. However, it is uncertain whether the renoprotection of DEX is related to autophagy or the clearance of damaged mitochondria in sepsis-induced AKI. Methods: In this study, AKI was induced in rats by injecting 10 mg/kg of LPS intraperitoneally (i.p.). The rats were also pretreated with DEX (30 μg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before the injection of LPS. The structure and function of kidneys harvested from the rats were evaluated, and the protein levels of autophagy-related proteins, oxidative stress levels, and apoptosis levels were measured. Further, atipamezole (Atip) and 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), which are inhibitors of DEX and autophagy, respectively, were administered before the injection of DEX to examine the protective mechanism of DEX. Results: Pretreatment with DEX ameliorated kidney structure and function. DEX decreased the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre), urine kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis proteins (such as cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3). However, DEX upregulated the levels of autophagy and mitophagy proteins, such as Beclin-1, LC3 II and PINK1. These results suggest that DEX ameliorated LPS-induced AKI by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis and enhancing autophagy. To promote autophagy, DEX inhibited the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. Furthermore, the administration of Atip and 3-MA inhibitors blocked the renoprotection effects of DEX. Conclusions: Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism in which DEX protects against LPS-induced AKI. DEX enhances autophagy, which results in the removal of damaged mitochondria and reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis in LPS-induced AKI through the α
2 -AR and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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13. Effect of 43°C treatment on expression of heat shock proteins 105, 70 and 60 in cultured monkey Sertoli cells
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Yi-Xun Liu, Min Chen, Jin Xiang Yuan, Zhao Yuan Hu, Fei Gao, Yuqiang Shi, and Xue Sen Zhang
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Male ,MAPK/ERK pathway ,endocrine system ,Urology ,Apoptosis ,Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Western blot ,Heat shock protein ,medicine ,Animals ,LY294002 ,RNA, Messenger ,Cells, Cultured ,Heat-Shock Proteins ,DNA Primers ,Sertoli Cells ,Base Sequence ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,General Medicine ,Sertoli cell ,Immunohistochemistry ,Macaca mulatta ,Molecular biology ,Hsp70 ,Cold Temperature ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,HSP60 - Abstract
Aim To examine the possible effect of heat treatment on expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps) 105, 70, and 60 in primary monkey Sertoli cells and to evaluate the possible signal pathways. Methods Western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and confocal immunohistochemistry were used to analyze mRNA and protein levels of the Hsps in response to 43 degrees treatment of Sertoli cells isolated from pubertal monkey testes. Results Staining with Hoechst 33342 indicated Sertoli cells did not undergo apoptosis after heat treatment. Hsp105 was expressed in cytoplasm of untreated Sertoli cells. Both Hsp105 mRNA and protein levels were increased approximately 20-fold compared to those of the untreated controls at 12 h after heat treatment. Untreated Sertoli cells did not express Hsp70, but heat stress induced its expression in the cell cytoplasm. The time-course of changes in Hsp70 was similar to that of Hsp105. In contrast to Hsp105 and Hsp70, the change in Hsp60 expression was much less obvious. The protein level between 12 h and 48 h after heat treatment was only approximately 1.5-fold that of the untreated control. Extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 inhibitor (U0126) or phosphoinositide kinase-3 (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) could partially block the response of Hsp105 and Hsp70 induced by heat treatment. Conclusion These results indicate that the heat-induced expression of the three types of Hsp in monkey Sertoli cells might be regulated by ERK and/or PI3K signal pathways, but the profile of their expression is different, suggesting that they might have different regulatory functions in Sertoli cells.
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- 2008
14. Signaling Pathways for Germ Cell Death in Adult Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) Induced by Mild Testicular Hyperthermia and Exogenous Testosterone Treatment1
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Ronald S. Swerdloff, Yue Jia, Yin-Chuan Li, Yanhe Lue, Yanira Vera, Christina Wang, Zhao-Yuan Hu, Yi-Xun Liu, Amiya P. Sinha Hikim, and X. S. Zhang
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Azoospermia ,Hyperthermia ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Programmed cell death ,medicine.drug_class ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Testicle ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Androgen ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Reproductive Medicine ,Apoptosis ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Germ cell ,MAPK14 - Abstract
Male contraception has focused, to a great extent, on approaches that induce azoospermia or severe oligospermia through accelerated germ cell apoptosis. Understanding the specific steps in the germ cell apoptotic pathways that are affected by male contraceptives will allow more specific targeting in future contraceptive development. In this study, we have used a nonhuman primate model to characterize the key apoptotic pathway(s) in germ cell death after mild testicular hyperthermia, hormonal deprivation, or combined interventions. Groups of 8 adult (7- to 10-year-old) cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) received one of the following treatments: 1) two empty silastic implants; 2) two 5.5-cm testosterone (T) implants; 3) daily exposure of testes to heat (43 degrees C for 30 min) for 2 consecutive days; and 4) two T implants plus testicular heat exposure for two consecutive days. Testicular biopsies were performed before and at Days 3, 8, and 28 of treatment. Treatment with T, heat, or both led to sustained activation of both mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1/3 and MAPK14. Activation of MAPK1/3 and MAPK14 were accompanied by an increase in B-cell leukemia/lymphoma (BCL) 2 levels in both cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of testicular lysates (BAX levels remained unaffected) and cytochrome c and DIABLO release from mitochondria. These treatments also resulted in inactivation of BCL2 through phosphorylation at serine 70, thereby favoring the death pathway. We conclude that the serine phosphorylation of BCL2 and activation of the MAPK14-mediated mitochondria-dependent pathway are critical for male germ cell death in monkeys.
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- 2007
15. Expression of Orphan Receptors TR2, TR3, TR4, and p53 in Heat-Treated Testis of Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)
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Christina Wang, Zhao-Yuan Hu, Yi-Xun Liu, Amiya P. Sinha Hikim, Xuan Jin, Ronald S. Swerdloff, Jin-Xiang Yuan, Tao Liu, Shixin Tao, Yanhe Lue, and Xue-Sen Zhang
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Male ,Receptors, Steroid ,Hot Temperature ,Urology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ,Apoptosis ,In situ hybridization ,Testicle ,Biology ,Andrology ,Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2, Group C, Member 1 ,Endocrinology ,Spermatocytes ,Testis ,Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1 ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Receptor ,Orphan receptor ,Receptors, Thyroid Hormone ,Spermatids ,Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ,Macaca fascicularis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Reproductive Medicine ,Immunology ,Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ,Spermatogenesis ,Germ cell - Abstract
To investigate the possible role of testicular orphan receptors (TR) TR2, TR3, and TR4 in the process of germ cell apoptosis in the heat-treated testis of monkey, we have examined the spatiotemporal expression of the 3 TR mRNAs in relation to p53 mRNA levels in the monkey testis by in situ hybridization and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction techniques. The results showed that TR2 mRNA was confined to spermatocytes; TR4 and TR3 mRNAs were expressed in both spermatocytes and spermatids. The heat treatment did not change TR2 mRNA level but significantly reduced TR4 mRNA expression in spermatocytes on days 3 and 8 after the heat treatment. TR3 mRNA expression was affected by the heat treatment in a time-dependent manner, with the lowest level on day 30 after the heat shock. Low to moderate signal for p53 mRNA was detected in spermatocytes before treatment, which increased dramatically on days 3, 8, and 30 after the heat shock. The coincident expression of the testicular TR3 and p53 mRNA, spatially and time dependently, implied that the decrease in TR3 expression in the heat-treated testis might be closely related to the p53 signal pathway, whereas the temporal decrease in TR4 production in the testis at the early stage indicated that this orphan receptor might be also involved in germ cell apoptosis. The data suggest that TR3, TR4, and p53 could be important regulators of germ cell apoptosis induced by the heat treatment, whereas TR2 might not be a key regulator in this process.
- Published
- 2006
16. Novel 3-(2,6,9-trisubstituted-9H-purine)-8-chalcone derivatives as potent anti-gastric cancer agents: Design, synthesis and structural optimization.
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Zhao, Tao-Qian, Zhao, Yuan-Di, Liu, Xin-Yang, Li, Zhong-Hua, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Xin-Hui, Cao, Ya-Quan, Ma, Li-Ying, and Liu, Hong-Min
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CHALCONE , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *ORGANIC synthesis , *CELL lines , *APOPTOSIS - Abstract
Abstract To explore anti-gastric cancer agents with high efficacy and selectivity, we report the design, synthesis and optimization of a novel series of 3-(2,6,9-trisubstituted-9H-purine)-8-chalcone derivatives starting from the compound PCA-15 reported by us previously. Most of the target compounds demonstrated significant antiproliferative effects on MGC803 cancer cell line, and more potent than the positive control (PCA-15 and 5-Fu). Among them, compound 6o was identified to be the most active compound against MGC803 cell line with an IC 50 value of 0.84 μM. Additionally, high selectivity was also observed between cancer and normal cells (23.35 μM against GES-1). Further mechanism studies confirmed that compound 6o could inhibit colony formation and migration, induce the apoptosis of MGC803 cells through both the mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic pathway and death receptor-mediated extrinsic pathway, which were evidenced by the up-regulation of Bax, cleaved-caspase 9/3/8, cleaved PARP and down-regulation of Bcl-2. Our systematic studies implied a new scaffold targeting gastric cancer cells for further development of small-molecule compounds with improved potency and selectivity. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • A novel purine-chalcone scaffold was established by structural optimization, which led to a gradually improved activity. • Compound 6o exerted the potent anti-gastric cancer activity and good selectivity between cancer and normal cells. • Compound 6o could inhibit migration and induce the apoptosis of MGC803 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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17. Study of miR-143 expression in stomach cancer.
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Huang, Shao-Jun, Zhu, Yu-Fang, Liu, Zeng, Li, Qing-Feng, Li, Zhao-Yuan, and Fu, Wen-Rong
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MICRORNA ,STOMACH cancer ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,FLOW cytometry ,APOPTOSIS - Abstract
The present study was planned to investigate miR-143 expression during stomach cancer. The study explored the relationship between miR-143 expression and clinicopathological characteristics including proliferation, migration and apoptosis of stomach cancer cells. Sixty-three samples from each of stomach cancer tissue and surrounding tissue were obtained. Total RNA was extracted. The expression levels of miR-143 from stomach cancer tissue as well as from surrounding tissue were measured by semi-quantitative PCR. The effects of miR-143 overexpression on the migration of stomach cancer cells were examined by Transwell assay. The effects of miR-143 overexpression on the apoptosis of stomach cancer cells were examined by flow cytometer. The expression level of miR-143 was significantly decreased in stomach cancer tissues in comparison to surrounding tissues (P<0.01). Moreover, the expression of miR-143 related well with the tumor size, TNM stage, lymphatic metastasis and relapse (P<0.01). On the other hand, stomach cancer cell line with overexpression of miR-143, showed significant decline in proliferation rate and migration rate comparison to control cells (P<0.01). However, it showed significant higher in apoptosis rate (P<0.01). The present study concluded that expression of miR-143 is low during stomach cancer. Further, higher expression levels of miR-143 have the ability to decline proliferation and migration of stomach cancer cells. In this manner, the expression level of miR-143 could be used as an important factor to determine the severity of stomach cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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18. Aplysin Protects Against Alcohol‐Induced Liver Injury Via Alleviating Oxidative Damage and Modulating Endogenous Apoptosis‐Related Genes Expression in Rats.
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Ge, Na, Liang, Hui, Zhao, Yuan‐yuan, Liu, Ying, Gong, An‐jing, and Zhang, Wen‐long
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LIVER injuries ,APOPTOSIS ,GENE expression ,ANTIOXIDANTS ,LABORATORY rats - Abstract
We investigated the protective effects and possible mechanisms of Aplysin against alcohol‐induced liver injury. Rats were given daily either alcohol only (alcohol model group; 8 to 12 mL/kg body weight), one of three doses of Aplysin (50, 100, or 150 mg/kg Aplysin) plus alcohol, or volume‐matched saline. After 6 weeks, the effects of Aplysin were assessed in terms of changes in histology, biochemical indices, and DNA oxidative damage. Potential mechanisms were analyzed through measurements of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense systems, expression of cytochrome P450 2E1, and expression of apoptosis‐related genes. We found that Aplysin significantly protected the liver against alcohol‐induced oxidative injury, evidenced by improved hepatic histological structure, inhibited alcohol‐induced elevation of serum biochemical indices, attenuated extents of hepatocellular DNA damage. At a mechanistic level, Aplysin alleviated alcohol‐induced oxidative stress as illustrated by the revivification of erythrocyte membrane fluidity, the attenuation of glutathione depletion, the restoration of antioxidase activities, and reduced malondialdehyde overproduction. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of Bax, cytochrome c, and cytochrome P450 2E1 were significantly down‐regulated, whereas those of Bcl‐2 and caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 were markedly up‐regulated. These findings suggest that Aplysin provides significant protection against alcohol‐induced liver injury, possibly through alleviating oxidative damage and modulating endogenous apoptosis‐related genes expression. Practical Application: Many natural components derived from alga have been used in the food, cosmetics, and biomedicine industries. Aplysin, a marine bromosesquiterpene, was extracted from the red alga Laurencia tristicha, which could effectively protect against alcohol‐induced liver injury, might be a potential natural sources for preventing alcoholic liver damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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19. Anti-apoptotic action of stem cell factor on oocytes in primordial follicles and its signal transduction
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Fu-Qing Yu, Xuan Jin, Peng Wei, Yi-Xun Liu, Chunsheng Han, and Zhao-Yuan Hu
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Apoptosis ,Stem cell factor ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Biology ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,Organ Culture Techniques ,Ovarian Follicle ,Cell surface receptor ,Genetics ,Animals ,Phosphorylation ,Protein kinase B ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors ,Stem Cell Factor ,Kinase ,MEK inhibitor ,Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,Cell Biology ,Rats ,Cell biology ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ,Oocytes ,Female ,Signal transduction ,Signal Transduction ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Stem cell factor (SCF) is essential for the development of primordial follicles. One of its functions is to prevent oocytes from apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. By using cultured ovaries that are rich in primordial follicles, the anti-apoptotic action of SCF and the potential signal transduction pathways were investigated. The apoptosis was evaluated by means of in situ 3′-end labeling. The expressions of proteins were analyzed with immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The data showed that SCF significantly prevented oocytes from apoptosis in the cultured organs. Addition of a specific pharmacological inhibitor of PI3K abolished the anti-apoptotic action of SCF while that of a MEK inhibitor did not. The phosphorylation of two mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (p42 and p44) and AKT, the respective substrates of MEK and PI3K, were enhanced by SCF treatment. Not surprisingly, the MAPK activation occurred only in theca cells. The expressions of apoptosis-related gene products, the Bcl-2 family proteins, in response to SCF treatment were also investigated. While SCF up-regulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, it did the opposite to the pro-apoptotic factor Bax. The PI3K inhibitor reversed the regulation of SCF on Bcl-xL and Bax but not on Bcl-2. Therefore, it seemed that SCF initiated an anti-apoptotic signal starting from its membrane receptor c-kit to Bcl-2 family members through PI3K/AKT and other signaling cascades in the oocytes of primordial follicles. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 70: 82–90, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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- 2004
20. Bcl-2 and Bax are involved in experimental cryptorchidism-induced testicular germ cell apoptosis in rhesus monkey
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Zhao-Yuan Hu, Ru-Jin Zou, Xue-Sen Zhang, Xuan Jin, Yi-Xun Liu, Chunsheng Han, and Zhi-Hong Zhang
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cell type ,Programmed cell death ,Blotting, Western ,Apoptosis ,DNA Fragmentation ,Spermatocyte ,Biology ,Andrology ,Western blot ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,Internal medicine ,Cryptorchidism ,In Situ Nick-End Labeling ,medicine ,Animals ,Cyclin D1 ,bcl-2-Associated X Protein ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Spermatid ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Immunohistochemistry ,Macaca mulatta ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ,Reproductive Medicine ,Spermatogenesis - Abstract
Apoptosis occurs spontaneously during spermatogenesis. However, little is known about its regulation in primate. Using an experimental cryptorchidism model in rhesus monkey, we have investigated the relationship between apoptosis and the Bcl-2 family members, Bcl-2 and Bax. Apoptotic cells were identified by in situ end labeling of fragmented DNA. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in the testes during the heat stress-induced testicular germ cell apoptosis were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques. The results showed that the apoptotic signals increased after heat treatment and the most susceptible cell types were spermatocytes and spermatids. A redistribution of Bax from the cytoplasmic to nuclear localization in some germ cells was observed. However, its total expression levels in the cells remained unchanged in the cryptorchid testes as determined by Western blot analysis; on the other hand, Bcl-2 levels increased significantly in response to heat stress. The subcellular redistribution of Bax and the increase in Bcl-2 expression in the cryptorchid testis suggest an involvement of Bcl-2 family members in heat stress-induced germ-cell apoptosis.
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- 2003
21. Expression of Hsp70–2 in rhesus monkey testis during germ cell apoptosis induced by testosterone undecanoate
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Xin-Chang Zhou, Zhi-Hong Zhang, Zhao-Yuan Hu, Ru-Jin Zou, and Yi-Xun Liu
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Programmed cell death ,Cell ,Apoptosis ,DNA Fragmentation ,Biology ,Testicle ,Injections, Intramuscular ,Andrology ,Internal medicine ,Testis ,In Situ Nick-End Labeling ,medicine ,Animals ,HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ,Testosterone ,RNA, Messenger ,Contraceptive Agents, Male ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Blotting, Northern ,Immunohistochemistry ,Macaca mulatta ,Germ Cells ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Reproductive Medicine ,DNA fragmentation ,Spermatogenesis ,Germ cell - Abstract
Hsp70-2 functions as a molecular chaperone that assists other proteins in their folding, transport and assembly into complexes, and is postulated to be linked to the mechanisms that inhibit apoptosis. Here we have determined the association between Hsp70-2 gene and germ cell apoptosis induced by a high dose of testosterone undecanoate (TU). In this study, in situ analysis of cell DNA fragmentation and expression of Hsp70-2 in TU-treated monkey testes were compared with the normal testes. The TUNEL analysis data showed that a large number of germ cell apoptosis occurred in the testes on Day 30 after TU injection. Therefore, we speculate that spermatogenesis failure in TU-treated monkey testis may be a result of the germ cell apoptosis induced by a high dose of TU. As compared with that of normal testes, however, the level of Hsp70-2 mRNA was only slightly decreased while that of Hsp70-2 protein was almost unchanged in the testes from Day 7 to day 30 at the early stage of the germ cell apoptosis after TU treatment, but the levels of both Hsp70-2 mRNA and protein dropped dramatically on Day 60 when a large number of germ cells had undergone apoptosis and were depleted. Therefore, it is suggested that the Hsp70-2 may be not a molecule to prevent germ cell apoptosis induced by injection of TU in the testes at the early stage.
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- 2002
22. Expression of Hsp70-2 in Unilateral Cryptorchid Testis of Rhesus Monkey During Germ Cell Apoptosis
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Yi-Xun Liu, Zhao-Yuan Hu, Xiao-Bin Han, Ru-Jin Zhou, and Xin-Chang Zhou
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Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Cell ,Apoptosis ,HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins ,DNA Fragmentation ,In situ hybridization ,Biology ,Andrology ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Cryptorchidism ,Testis ,medicine ,Animals ,Protein Isoforms ,Tissue Distribution ,RNA, Messenger ,Northern blot ,Heat-Shock Proteins ,In Situ Hybridization ,TUNEL assay ,Macaca mulatta ,Spermatozoa ,Hsp70 ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,DNA fragmentation ,Germ cell - Abstract
We investigated the possible role of Hsp70-2 in germ cell apoptosis induced by heat stress in monkey unilateral cryptorchid testis. The study focused on in situ analysis of the testicular cell DNA fragmentation and on the possible relationship between Hsp70-2 expression and germ cell apoptosis. The TUNEL result showed that most of the germ cells were labeled in the cryptorchid testis on d 5 after induction of cryptorchidism; that with most of the apoptotic germ cells depleted, only a few germ cells were labeled on d 10; and that almost no apoptotic signal was observed in the cryptorchid testis on d 15 and thereafter. This indicates that the increasing germ cell degeneration in cryptorchid testis may take the form of apoptosis. Using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and Northern blot, we examined the changes of Hsp70-2 expression in the monkey cryptorchid testis. The level of Hsp70-2 mRNA decreased slightly, while the expression of HSP70-2 protein was almost unchanged at the early stage of germ cell apoptosis in the cryptorchid testis on d 5 and dropped dramatically along with the loss of apoptotic germ cells in the cryptorchid testis on d 10 after operation. It is therefore suggested that Hsp70-2 might not take part in inhibiting the apoptosis of germ cells at the early stage during operation-induced cryptorchid testis, and that Hsp70-2 gene does not belong to the immediate early related gene responsible for germ cell apoptosis induced by heat stress.
- Published
- 2001
23. Expression and regulation of orphan receptor TR2 mRNA in germ cells of cryptorchid testis in rat and rhesus monkey
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Rujin Zou, Yi-Xun Liu, Zhao-Yuan Hu, Xiaomin Mu, and Cai-Xia Guo
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Orphan receptor ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Messenger RNA ,Multidisciplinary ,TUNEL assay ,In situ hybridization ,Biology ,Andrology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Apoptosis ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Spermatogenesis ,Germ cell ,Cellular localization - Abstract
Expression and cellular localization of orphan receptor TR2 mRNA in relation to germ cell apoptosis in cryptorchid testes of rat and rhesus monkey have been studied by usingin situ hybridization andin situ 3′-end labeling of DNA fragments (TUNEL). The results show that: (i) TR2 mRNA is specifically expressed in the germ cells, mainly in the spermatocytes, round and elongated spermatids. The expression level of TR2 mRNA varies with the seminiferous cycle, (ii) In the rat cryptorchid testes on days 3 and 5 after the surgery, the germ cells began to undergo apoptosis with no evident decrease in TR2 mRNA level. On day 7.5, however, most germ cells underwent apoptosis, while the expression level of TR2 mRNA declined markedly, and TR2 mRNA was rarely expressed on day 10 thereafter, (iii) On days 15 and 20 of the cryptorchid testes of rhesus monkey, TR2 mRNA was only expressed in a few of primary spermatocytes and the mRNA was almost undetectable on days 30, 45, 60. These results suggest that TR2 mRNA probably plays an important role in spermatogenesis and germ cell apoptosis.
- Published
- 2000
24. Discovery of 6-chloro-2-(propylthio)-8,9-dihydro-7H-purines containing a carboxamide moiety as potential selective anti-lung cancer agents.
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Zhao, Tao-Qian, Zhao, Yuan-Di, Liu, Xin-Yang, Wang, Bo, Li, Zhong-Hua, He, Zhang-Xu, Zhang, Xin-Hui, Liang, Jian-Jia, Ma, Li-Ying, and Liu, Hong-Min
- Subjects
- *
PURINES , *CELL lines , *LUNG cancer , *STRUCTURE-activity relationship in pharmacology , *INTRINSIC factor (Physiology) , *PHYSIOLOGY , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
A new series of 6-chloro-2-(propylthio)-8,9-dihydro-7H-purine-8-caboxamide derivatives were designed, synthesized, and further evaluated for their antiproliferative activities on four human cancer cell lines (A549, MGC803, PC-3 and TE-1). The structure-activity relationships (SARs) studies were conducted through the variation in the two regions, which including position 8 and 9, of purine core. One of the compounds, 8 , containing a terminal piperazine appendage with a carboxamide moiety at position 8 and phenyl group at position 9 of 6-chloro-8,9-dihydro-7H-purine core, showed the most potent antiproliferative activity and good selectivity between cancer and normal cells (IC 50 values of 2.80 μM against A549 and 303.03 μM against GES-1, respectively). In addition, compound 8 could inhibit the colony formation and migration of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, as well as induce the apoptosis possibly through the intrinsic pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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25. Involvement of mGluR I in EphB/ephrinB reverse signaling activation induced retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in a rat chronic hypertension model.
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Zhao, Yuan, Li, Qian, Li, Xue-Yan, Cui, Peng, Gao, Feng, Zhu, Ke, Li, Ling-Zhu, Sun, Xing-Huai, and Wang, Zhongfeng
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- *
RETINAL ganglion cells , *CELL communication , *EPHRINS , *HYPERTENSION , *CHRONIC diseases , *APOPTOSIS , *LABORATORY rats - Abstract
EphB/ephrinB reverse signaling is involved in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis in experimental glaucoma. Here, we further investigated the mechanisms underlying EphB/ephrinB reverse signaling activation induced RGC apoptosis in a rat chronic ocular hypertension (COH) model, using patch-clamp techniques in retinal slices. In COH retinas, RGCs showed higher spontaneous firing frequency and much more depolarized membrane potential as compared to control, which was mimicked by intravitreally injection of EphB2-Fc, an activator of ephrinB2. The changes in RGC spontaneous firing and membrane potential could be reversed by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2, suggesting that EphB/ephrinB reverse signaling activation induced RGC hyperexcitability. Intravitreal pre-injection of either LY367385 or MPEP, selective mGluR1 and mGluR5 antagonists, also blocked the changes in RGC spontaneous firing and membrane potential. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed an interaction between ephrinB2 and group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR I) (mGluR1/mGluR5). Furthermore, intravitreal pre-injection of the mixture of L-NAME (an NO synthase inhibitor) and XPro1595 (a selective inhibitor of soluble TNF-α) could reduce the EphB2-Fc injection induced increase in RGC firing, suggesting that Müller cells might be involved in EphB/ephrinB reverse signaling activation induced change in RGC hyperexcitability. In addition, LY367385/MPEP reduced the numbers of TUNEL-positive RGCs both in EphB2-Fc injected and COH retinas. All results suggest that activation of EphB/ephrinB reverse signaling induces RGC hyperexcitability and apoptosis by interacting with mGluR I in COH rats. Appropriate reduction of EphB/ephrinB reverse signaling could alleviate the loss of RGCs in glaucoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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26. Integrins Were Involved in Soybean Agglutinin Induced Cell Apoptosis in IPEC-J2.
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Pan, Li, Zhao, Yuan, Farouk, Mohammed Hamdy, Bao, Nan, Wang, Tao, and Qin, Guixin
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- *
APOPTOSIS , *AGGLUTININS , *ANTIGEN-antibody reactions , *GLYCOPROTEINS , *INTEGRIN genetics , *MOLECULAR genetics , *PHYSIOLOGY , *GENETICS - Abstract
Soybean agglutinin (SBA), is a non-fiber carbohydrate related protein and a major anti-nutritional factor. Integrins, transmembrane glycoproteins, are involved in many biological processes. Although recent work suggested that integrins are involved in SBA-induced cell-cycle alterations, no comprehensive study has reported whether integrins are involved in SBA-induced cell apoptosis (SCA) in IPEC-J2. The relationship between SBA and integrins are still unclear. We aimed to elucidate the effects of SBA on IPEC-J2 cell proliferation and cell apoptosis; to study the roles of integrins in IPEC-J2 normal cell apoptosis (NCA) and SCA; and to illustrate the relationship and connection type between SBA and integrins. Thus, IPEC-J2 cells were treated with SBA at the levels of 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/mL to determine cell proliferation and cell apoptosis. The cells were divided into control, SBA treated groups, integrin inhibitor groups, and SBA + integrin inhibitor groups to determine the integrin function in SCA. The results showed that SBA significantly (p < 0.05) lowered cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in IPEC-J2 (p < 0.05). Inhibition of any integrin type induced the cell apoptosis (p < 0.05) and these integrins were involved in SCA (p < 0.05). Even SBA had no physical connection with integrins, an association was detected between SBA and α-actinin-2 ACTN2 (integrin-binding protein). Additionally, SBA reduced the mRNA expression of integrins by down regulating the gene expression level of ACTN2. We concluded an evidence for the anti-nutritional mechanism of SBA by ACTN2 with integrins. Further trials are needed to prove whether ACTN2 is the only protein for connecting SBA with integrin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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27. Role of Caspase 2 in Apoptotic Signaling in Primate and Murine Germ Cells1
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Yanhe Lue, Ronald S. Swerdloff, Zhao-Yuan Hu, Yue Jia, Yi-Xun Liu, Amiya P. Sinha Hikim, X. S. Zhang, Candace Johnson, Yin-Chuan Li, and Christina Wang
- Subjects
MAPK/ERK pathway ,Male ,Hot Temperature ,Caspase 2 ,Down-Regulation ,Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ,Apoptosis ,X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein ,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,medicine ,Animals ,Caspase ,MAPK14 ,Sertoli Cells ,biology ,Cytochromes c ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Molecular biology ,Caspase Inhibitors ,Spermatozoa ,Cell biology ,Mitochondria ,Rats ,Up-Regulation ,Enzyme Activation ,Macaca fascicularis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Reproductive Medicine ,biology.protein ,Caspase 10 ,Signal transduction ,Oligopeptides ,Germ cell ,Gonadotropins ,Research Article ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
This study investigates the role of caspase 2 in apoptotic signaling of nonhuman primate male germ cells triggered by mild testicular hyperthermia, testosterone (T(e)) implants, or by combined interventions. Mean incidence of germ cell apoptosis increased significantly by Day 3 in the heat (H(e)) alone group and by Day 8 in the Te alone group but peaked at Day 3 in H(e) + T(e) group. We found activation of caspase 2 in both germ cells and Sertoli cells after induction of apoptosis. Most notably, active caspase 2 immunoreactivity was detected only in those germ cells susceptible to apoptosis compared with controls, where little or no such staining is detected. To further explore the role of caspase 2 in regulating male germ cell death, we next evaluated the efficacy of caspase 2 inhibition in preventing or attenuating heat-induced germ cell apoptosis in rats. Caspase 2 inhibition significantly (P0.05) prevented such heat-induced germ cell apoptosis. The protection offered by the caspase 2 inhibitor occurred upstream of mitochondria, involving suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 14 activation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) induction and, in turn, suppression of cytochrome c-mediated death pathway. Together, our results show that caspase 2 is activated in male germ cells undergoing apoptosis in nonhuman primates after heat stress, hormonal deprivation, or after combined interventions. Blockade of caspase 2 activation prevents heat-induced germ cell apoptosis in rats by suppressing the MAPK14- and NO-mediated intrinsic pathway signaling.
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- 2008
28. Expression of nitric oxide synthase during germ cell apoptosis in testis of cynomolgus monkey after testosterone and heat treatment
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Shixin Tao, Ronald S. Swerdloff, Yue Jia, Zhao-Yuan Hu, Yin-Chuan Li, Yi-Xun Liu, Yanhe Lue, Naomi Chiang, Christina Wang, Xue-Sen Zhang, Jian Guo, and Amiya P. Sinha Hikim
- Subjects
Hyperthermia ,Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hot Temperature ,Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ,Urology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Blotting, Western ,Gene Expression ,Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ,Apoptosis ,Testicle ,Endothelial NOS ,Endocrinology ,Enos ,Internal medicine ,Testis ,medicine ,Animals ,Testosterone ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Sertoli cell ,Immunohistochemistry ,Spermatozoa ,Nitric oxide synthase ,Macaca fascicularis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Reproductive Medicine ,biology.protein ,Germ cell - Abstract
This study investigates the possible involvement of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in activating germ cell death in monkeys after mild testicular hyperthermia and/or hormonal deprivation. Groups of 8 adult male monkeys received 1 of the following treatments for 12 weeks: 1) 2 empty Silastic implants, 2) 2 testosterone (T) implants, 3) daily exposure of testes to heat (43 degrees C for 30 minutes) for 2 consecutive days, or 4) 2 T implants plus testicular heat exposure. Testicular biopsies were performed before and on days 3, 8, 28, and 84 of the treatment. In control monkey testes, endothelial NOS (eNOS) was observed mainly in Sertoli cells and spermatogonia. No obvious alteration in eNOS levels was detected in any of the treatment group as assessed by Western blotting. Induction of inducible NOS (iNOS) in testes of the 3 treated groups was detected by immunoblotting as early as day 3 after treatment compared with that of controls. Immunocytochemistry further revealed a small increase in iNOS expression in both germ cells and Sertoli cells after T treatment. However, treatment of heat or heat in combination with T markedly induced iNOS expression in germ cells. These data suggest that iNOS, but not eNOS, may be involved in monkey testicular germ cell death after heat and/or T treatment.
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- 2008
29. [Effects of genistein on the expressions of cell apoptosis-related proteins in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line SACC-83]
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Jie, Ma, Jie, Wang, Ming, Zhong, and Zhao-Yuan, Wang
- Subjects
Gene Expression Regulation ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Humans ,Proteins ,Apoptosis ,Salivary Gland Neoplasms ,Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ,Genistein ,Cell Line - Abstract
To investigate the molecular mechanism of cell apoptosis induced by tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor, genistein, in human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line SACC-83.SACC-83 cells cultured in vitro were treated with genistein, the expressions of bax, bcl-2 and survivin proteins were detected with Western blotting, and the results were quantitatively analyzed by FluorChem V2.0 software, statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance using SPSS11.5 software package.With the increase of concentration of genistein and the elongation of time, the expression of bax protein was significantly increased, but the expression of bcl-2 and survivin proteins was significantly decreased. Treated with 220 micromol/L genistein for 3 days, the expression level of bax protein was 3.43 folds of the control group (P0.01),but the expression level of bcl-2 and survivin proteins was respectively 85%(P0.05) and 35%(P0.01) of the control group.The cell apoptosis induced by genistein in human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line SACC-83 may be associated with the upregulation of bax protein expression,and the downregulations of bcl-2 and survivin proteins expression.
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- 2008
30. Signaling pathways for germ cell death in adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) induced by mild testicular hyperthermia and exogenous testosterone treatment
- Author
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Yue, Jia, Amiya P Sinha, Hikim, Yan-He, Lue, Ronald S, Swerdloff, Yanira, Vera, Xue-Shen, Zhang, Zhao-Yuan, Hu, Yin-Chuan, Li, Yi-Xun, Liu, and Christina, Wang
- Subjects
Male ,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ,Macaca fascicularis ,Germ Cells ,Hot Temperature ,Testis ,Animals ,Apoptosis ,Testosterone ,Mitochondria ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Male contraception has focused, to a great extent, on approaches that induce azoospermia or severe oligospermia through accelerated germ cell apoptosis. Understanding the specific steps in the germ cell apoptotic pathways that are affected by male contraceptives will allow more specific targeting in future contraceptive development. In this study, we have used a nonhuman primate model to characterize the key apoptotic pathway(s) in germ cell death after mild testicular hyperthermia, hormonal deprivation, or combined interventions. Groups of 8 adult (7- to 10-year-old) cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) received one of the following treatments: 1) two empty silastic implants; 2) two 5.5-cm testosterone (T) implants; 3) daily exposure of testes to heat (43 degrees C for 30 min) for 2 consecutive days; and 4) two T implants plus testicular heat exposure for two consecutive days. Testicular biopsies were performed before and at Days 3, 8, and 28 of treatment. Treatment with T, heat, or both led to sustained activation of both mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1/3 and MAPK14. Activation of MAPK1/3 and MAPK14 were accompanied by an increase in B-cell leukemia/lymphoma (BCL) 2 levels in both cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of testicular lysates (BAX levels remained unaffected) and cytochrome c and DIABLO release from mitochondria. These treatments also resulted in inactivation of BCL2 through phosphorylation at serine 70, thereby favoring the death pathway. We conclude that the serine phosphorylation of BCL2 and activation of the MAPK14-mediated mitochondria-dependent pathway are critical for male germ cell death in monkeys.
- Published
- 2007
31. [Effects of Genistein on the proliferation and expression of survivin in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line SACC-83]
- Author
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Jie, Ma, Zhi-hong, Zong, Zhao-yuan, Wang, and Ming, Zhong
- Subjects
Cell Line, Tumor ,Humans ,Apoptosis ,Salivary Gland Neoplasms ,Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ,Genistein ,Cell Line ,Cell Proliferation - Abstract
To investigate the anti-proliferation effect of tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor, Genistein, on human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line SACC-83, and its effect on Survivin expression.SACC-83 cells were treated with different concentration Genistein for different time, cell survival rate was calculated with MTT assay, apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry, the expression of Survivin was quantitatively analyzed by Western blotting and FluorChem V2.0 software.When treated with Genistein of certain concentration for certain time, SACC-83 cell growth was significantly inhibited. With the increase of concentration and elongation of acting time, the inhibitory effects increase. Treated with 220 micromol/L Genistein for 72 hours, SACC-83 cell growth was significantly inhibited, cell apoptosis was induced (P0.01), and the expression of Survivin decreased.Genistein inhibits the growth of human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line SACC-83, and induces cell apoptosis; the decrease of Survivin expression may be one of the mechanisms of Genistein inducing apoptosis.
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- 2007
32. An oligonucleotide microarray study on gene expression profile in mouse testis of experimental cryptorchidism
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Zhao-Yuan Hu, Jian Guo, Li-Juan Xiao, Yi-Xun Liu, Yin-Chuan Li, Ke-Ying Zhang, Xin-Xin Song, and Xiao-Qian Hu
- Subjects
Male ,Microarray ,Population ,Apoptosis ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Andrology ,Mice ,Gene expression ,Cryptorchidism ,Testis ,medicine ,Animals ,education ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ,education.field_of_study ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Lipid metabolism ,Molecular biology ,Gene expression profiling ,Disease Models, Animal ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Germ Cells ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Germ cell ,Oxidative stress ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
To investigate the germ cell apoptosis under body temperature in testis, we analyzed the gene expression patterns on day 1, day 4, day 7, day 14, day 28 and normal control adult mouse testis after experimental cryptorchidism (EC) using Affymetrix MOE430A microarray. Our data showed that EC led to the oxidative stress and gene expression fluctuation in the first 28 days, both of which were highly coincident in timing. Cryptorchid testis showed more effective antioxidative capability in the first 4 days, and suddenly lowered the capability from day 5 on, then gradually restored the antioxidation from day 10 to day 14, and turned to worse on day 28 again. The extensive high gene expression on day 4 after EC and the up-rising of oxidative stress level on day 5 and the abrupt down-regulation of the gene on day 7 were closely related. From the chip data, we have found that the high level of reactive oxidative species (ROS) was not only related to the dysfunction or abnormality of the direct origin of ROS generation, but also related to the abnormality of the more upstream physiological events in energy metabolism, lipid metabolism. The selective regulation of metabolic substrate transporter in different cell population implied the existence of various regulation of the selective signal pathways among different cell populations by EC.
- Published
- 2006
33. Transient testicular warming enhances the suppressive effect of testosterone on spermatogenesis in adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)
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Yin-Chuan Li, Chiu-Ming Ng, Christina Wang, Ronald S. Swerdloff, Xue-Sen Zhang, Zhao-Yuan Hu, Andrew Leung, Yi-Xun Liu, Yanhe Lue, and Amiya P. Sinha Hikim
- Subjects
Hyperthermia ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Biopsy ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Context (language use) ,Apoptosis ,Testicle ,Biochemistry ,Random Allocation ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,biology.animal ,Testis ,medicine ,In Situ Nick-End Labeling ,Animals ,Primate ,Testosterone ,Spermatogenesis ,biology ,Sperm Count ,Histocytochemistry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Hyperthermia, Induced ,medicine.disease ,Androgen ,Macaca fascicularis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Germ Cells ,Population study - Abstract
Context: The context of the study was to examine whether combined testosterone (T) and heat (H) treatment have additive or synergistic effects on suppression of spermatogenesis.Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether T+H induces a greater suppression of spermatogenesis than either treatment alone in monkeys.Design: The study was a randomized, placebo-controlled study.Setting: The study was conducted at a primate center in China.Participants: The study population was comprised of 32 adult cynomolgus monkeys.Interventions: Groups of eight adult monkeys were treated for 12 wk with: 1) two empty implants (C); 2) two T implants (T); 3) daily testicular heat exposure (43 C for 30 min) for 2 consecutive days (H); or 4) two T implants plus testicular heat exposure (T+H). Treatment was followed by an 8-wk recovery period.Main Outcome Measures: Measures included sperm counts and germ cell apoptosis.Results: Serum T levels were elevated in both the T and T+H groups during treatment but not in the C or H group. Sperm counts were transiently suppressed after heat to 16.4% of baseline at 4 wk and then returned to pretreatment levels. Sperm counts were suppressed slowly after T treatment to nadir of 6.4% of pretreatment levels at 12 wk. T+H rapidly suppressed sperm output as early as 4 wk to 3.9% of pretreatment levels that was maintained throughout treatment. The decreased sperm counts were due to increased germ cell apoptosis in all treatment groups. Sperm counts recovered to the pretreatment levels in all groups by 8 wk after treatment.Conclusion: This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that transient testicular warming enhances and hastens the effect of T implant on the suppression of spermatogenesis in monkeys.
- Published
- 2005
34. Apigenin attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage.
- Author
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Han, Yuwei, Zhang, Tingting, Su, Jingyuan, Zhao, Yuan, Chenchen, null, Wang, null, and Li, Xiaoming
- Abstract
Apigenin (API) is a naturally occurring plant flavone that exhibits powerful antioxidant and antiapoptosis. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The potential anti-oxidative and anti-apoptosis effects of API on EBI following SAH, however, have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess whether API alleviates EBI after SAH via its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects. The endovascular puncture model was used to induce SAH and all the rats were subsequently sacrificed at 24 h after SAH. Our data demonstrated that administration of API could significantly alleviate EBI (including neurological deficiency, brain edema, blood–brain barrier permeability, and cortical cell apoptosis) after SAH in rats. Meanwhile, API treatment reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), elevated the ratio of glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and increased the amount of super-oxide dismutase (SOD) and hydrogen peroxide in brain cortex at 24 h following SAH. Moreover, API treatment inhibited SAH-induced the expression of Bax and caspase-3, significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis. Collectively, API exerts its neuroprotective effect likely through the dual activities of anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis, at least partly. These data provide a basic platform to consider API may be safely used as a potential drug for treatment of SAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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35. Expression of HSP105 and HSP60 during germ cell apoptosis in the heat-treated testes of adult cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis)
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Chunsheng Han, Zhao-Yuan Hu, Xue-Sen Zhang, Ronald S. Swerdloff, Yi-Xun Liu, Christina Wang, Yah-He Lue, Amiya P. Sinha Hikim, Jin-Xiang Yuan, and Shu-Hua Guo
- Subjects
Male ,endocrine system ,TUNEL assay ,Gene Expression ,Apoptosis ,In situ hybridization ,Chaperonin 60 ,Biology ,Sertoli cell ,Sperm ,Epithelium ,Andrology ,Macaca fascicularis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Germ Cells ,Spermatocytes ,Testis ,medicine ,Animals ,HSP60 ,Germ cell - Abstract
To confirm that transient increase in temperature of the testis (43C for 30 minutes once daily for 2 consecutive days) could induce apoptosis of germ cells in non-human primates and to investigate the possible roles of Hsp105 and Hsp60 in regulation of germ cell loss, we conducted the study on eight cynomolgus monkeys. The sperm concentration on day 28 after heat shock decreased to 8.4% of pretreatment levels and recovered to baseline on day 144. Using the TUNEL assay, increased numbers of apoptotic spermatocytes and round spermatids were detected on days 3, 8, and 30 post heat treatment. Hsp105 and Hsp60 mRNA and protein levels were analyzed using in situ hybridization, RT-PCR, immunohistochemical and Western blot methods. Hsp105 was confined to nuclei of spermatids before treatment, decreased dramatically with the loss of spermatids on days 3, 8, and 30, before returning to baseline levels on days 84 and 144. The expression of Hsp60 was high on days 3, 8, 30 and was only detected in Sertoli cells and spermatogonia. These results suggested that exposure of the testis to heat resulted in selective, but reversible damage to the seminiferous epithelium via increased germ cell apoptosis. Temporal changes in the expression pattern of Hsp105 and Hsp60 in relation to germ cell death suggests they may be involved in key processes in regulation of germ cell apoptosis.
- Published
- 2005
36. [Anti-proliferation effect of genistein on salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line SACC-83 in vitro]
- Author
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Jie, Ma, Ming, Zhong, and Zhao-Yuan, Wang
- Subjects
Cell Line, Tumor ,Humans ,Apoptosis ,Cell Cycle Checkpoints ,Salivary Gland Neoplasms ,Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ,Genistein ,Cell Proliferation - Abstract
To investigate the anti-proliferation effect of tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor, genistein (4'-5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone), on human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line SACC-83 in vitro, and its effect on cell cycle.SACC-83 cells cultured in vitro were treated with genistein,cell survival rate was calculated with MTT assay, phase contrast microscope was used to observe the status of cell growth and the morphological changes in each group, and cell cycle was detected with flow cytometry. Apoptosis was detected with Annexin V/PI staining. The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS11.5 software.When treated with genistein of certain concentration for certain time, SACC-83 cell growths were significantly inhibited. With the increase of concentration of genistein and elongation of acting time, the inhibitory effects increased. Cells treated with genistein showed changes in morphology, cells' volume was decreased ,and suspended cells increased. Treated with 220 micromol/L genistein for 72 hours, SACC-83 cell growths were significantly inhibited, cell cycle was arrested in G2/M phase, and cell apoptosis was induced(P0.01).Genistein inhibits growth of human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line SACC-83, arrests cell cycle in G2/M phase, and induces cell apoptosis; these suggest that tyrosine protein kinase has important effect on the neoplasia and development of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.
- Published
- 2005
37. Expression of Bcl-2 and p53 at the fetal-maternal interface of rhesus monkey
- Author
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Peng, Wei, Xuan, Jin, Xue-Sen, Zhang, Zhao-Yuan, Hu, Chun-Sheng, Han, and Yi-Xun, Liu
- Subjects
lcsh:QH471-489 ,Placenta ,Research ,Uterus ,Apoptosis ,Gestational Age ,Immunohistochemistry ,Macaca mulatta ,lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics ,Placentation ,Ki-67 Antigen ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ,Pregnancy ,embryonic structures ,Animals ,Homeostasis ,lcsh:Reproduction ,Female ,Embryo Implantation ,Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ,Maternal-Fetal Exchange ,Biomarkers ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,lcsh:RG1-991 ,Cell Proliferation - Abstract
To study the apoptosis and its mechanism at the fetal-maternal interface of early gestation, localization of apoptotic cells in the implantation sites of the rhesus monkey on day 17, 19, 28 and 34 of pregnancy were first examine by using the TUNEL technique. The expression of Ki67, a molecular marker of proliferating cells, and two apoptotic proteins, B cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2 (Bcl-2) and P53, were then studied by immunohistochemistry. Apoptotic nuclei were observed mainly in the syncytiotrophoblast. Ki67 was confined almost exclusively to cytotrophoblasts. The localization of Bcl-2 protein follows that of the apoptotic nuclei and its expression level increased as the development of the placenta progressed on. P53 was detected to some extent in cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblast covering the basal feet of the anchoring villi during the late stage of placentation. Based on these observations, it might be suggested that Bcl-2 could be possible to play an interesting role in limiting degree of nuclear degradation and sustaining cell suvival in the multi-nucleated syncytiotrophoblast cells during early pregnancy, and P53 could also be essential in regulating the trophoblastic homeostasis by controlling its proliferation or apoptosis.
- Published
- 2005
38. Knockdown of USP39 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in melanoma.
- Author
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Zhao, Yuan, Zhang, Bo, Lei, Yu, Sun, Jingying, Zhang, Yaohua, Yang, Sen, and Zhang, Xuejun
- Abstract
The spliceosome machinery composed of multimeric protein complexes guides precursor messenger RNAs (mRNAs) (pre-mRNAs) splicing in eukaryotic cells. Spliceosome components have been shown to be downregulated in cancer and could be a promising molecular target for anticancer therapy. The ubiquitin-specific protease 39 (USP39) is essential for pre-mRNA splicing, and upregulated USP39 expression is noted in a variety of cancers. However, the role of USP39 in the development and progression of melanoma remains unclear. In the present study, USP39 expression was found to be increased in melanoma tissues compared with that in nevus tissues. USP39 silencing via lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) significantly suppressed melanoma cell proliferation, induced G0/G1 cell cycle phase arrest, and increased apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, USP39 knockdown suppressed melanoma tumor growth in a xenograft model. In addition, USP39 silencing was associated with the increased expressions of p21, p27, and Bax. Furthermore, the inhibition of USP39 expression decreased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, indicating that ERK signaling pathways might be involved in the regulation of melanoma cell proliferation by USP39. Our findings suggest that USP39 may play crucial roles in the development and pathogenesis of melanoma, and it may serve as a potential therapeutic target for melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Involvement of molecules related to angiogenesis, proteolysis and apoptosis in implantation in rhesus monkey and mouse
- Author
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Qing Feng, Yi-Xun Liu, Kui Liu, Fu Hua Xu, Hong Juan Gao, Peng Wei, Li Juan Siao, Ru Jin Zou, Zhao Yuan Hu, Fei Gao, and Xinlei Chen
- Subjects
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Angiogenesis ,Basic fibroblast growth factor ,Luteolysis ,Implantation Site ,Neovascularization, Physiologic ,Apoptosis ,Biology ,Filaggrin Proteins ,Fas ligand ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endometrium ,Mice ,Corpus Luteum ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Embryo Implantation ,Receptor ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Placentation ,Macaca mulatta ,Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ,Cell biology ,Vascular endothelial growth factor ,Endocrinology ,Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ,Reproductive Medicine ,chemistry ,Transforming Growth Factors ,Models, Animal ,Pregnancy, Animal ,Female ,Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ,Plasminogen activator ,Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta - Abstract
We have established the well-defined cycling, pseudo-pregnant and pregnant rhesus monkey models, and used these to analyze expression of the common molecules specifically related to angiogenesis, apoptosis or proteolysis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors KDR, flt-1, flt-4 and flk-1, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and its receptors Flg, transforming growth factor-alpha and beta1 (TGF-a/beta1), and TGF-beta1 receptor type I (TbetaR-I) and type II (TbetaR-II), as well as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), tissue type plasminogen activator/urokinase plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (tPA/uPA/PAI-1) and matrix matalloproteinase type 1, -3/tissue inhibitor matalloproteinase type 1, -2, -3 (MMP-1, -3/TIMP-1, -2, -3), Fas/FasL, BcL-2/Bax, in the corpus luteum (CL), in the functional layer of the endometrium and in the materno-fetal boundary of the implantation site. We have demonstrated that: expression of these molecules in the monkey CL, endometrium and materno-fetal boundary of the implantation site is correlated well with CL functional and vascular development and with the processes involved in the establishment of the implantation window as well as with the early stages of placentation. A coordinated increase in tPA and its inhibitor PAI-1 expression in the monkey and rat CL may be instrumental in initiating luteal regression in both species, and correlated well with the timing of the closure of the implantation window, whereas high uPA activity in the CL is important for the early formation of the CL and for maintaining its function which is closely correlated to the period of establishment of the implantation window. Apoptosis, proteolysis and angiogenesis occur in the CL and in the endometrium during the time of establishment of the implantation window, as well as in the materno-fetal boundary of the implantation site at the early stages of placentation. It seems that these processes occur in these tissues in a coordinated and time- and cell-dependent manner, and are reliant on each other. Based on these observations, we have designed experiments to test the actions of some related available compounds on mouse implantation, used alone or in combination. The preliminary data showed that the compounds which could effectively affect apoptosis, angiogenesis or proteolysis in the implantation site were capable of effectively inhibiting implantation by acting on the endometrium and/or on the CL. Furthermore, the combined use of these compounds produced an obvious additive effect on inhibiting implantation. This finding suggested this may be a good approach for developing an anti-implantation agent.
- Published
- 2004
40. [Effect of RU486 on apoptosis and p53 expression at the boundary of fetal-maternal interface of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)]
- Author
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Peng, Wei, Shi-Xin, Tao, Xue-Sen, Zhang, Zhao-Yuan, Hu, and Liu, Yi-Xun
- Subjects
Mifepristone ,Pregnancy ,Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal ,Animals ,Apoptosis ,Female ,Chorionic Villi ,Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ,Macaca mulatta ,Proto-Oncogene Mas ,Placentation - Abstract
Primate placentation involves a series of cell proliferation, immigration and apoptosis which account for the progressive tissue remodelling at the implantation site. p53 is an important proto-oncogene involved in the regulation of cell-cycle and apoptosis. To study the effect of RU486 on apoptosis and expression of p53 at the fetal-maternal interface, the location of apoptotic cells and expression of p53 were examined using in situ 3'-end labeling method, immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay at the fetal-maternal interface of normal and RU486 treated rhesus monkey. Western blot analysis showed the specificity of the anti-human antibody used with the monkey tissue. In the placental villi, the apoptotic nuclei were observed mainly in the syncytiotrophoblast and part of the cytotrophoblast within the cell column; p53 protein was detected mainly in the cytotrophoblast. In the endometrium, positive signals for apoptosis and p53 were detected in some stromal cells. After two days of mifepristone treatment, the apoptotic cells increased significantly in both placental villi and endometrium. In the villi, the increased apoptotic nuclei were mainly localized to the cytotrophoblast. At the same time, p53-positive nuclei also increased in both villous cytotrophoblast cells and endometrial stromal cells, after the treatment of RU486. These results suggest that apoptosis and expression of p53 are essential in regulating trophoblastic homeostasis by controlling its proliferation in normal placenta, whereas the up-regulation of p53 protein may play an important role in apoptosis that happens at the fetal-maternal interface induced by RU486.
- Published
- 2004
41. Molsidomine and N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester inhibit implantation and apoptosis in mouse endometrium
- Author
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Peng, Wei, Jin-Xiang, Yuan, Xuan, Jin, Zhao-Yuan, Hu, and Yi-Xun, Liu
- Subjects
Fas Ligand Protein ,Membrane Glycoproteins ,Apoptosis ,Nitric Oxide ,Endometrium ,Mice ,NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ,Pregnancy ,Molsidomine ,Animals ,Female ,Nitric Oxide Donors ,Embryo Implantation ,RNA, Messenger ,Nitric Oxide Synthase - Abstract
To investigate the possible effect of nitric oxide on receptivity and apoptosis of mouse endometrium and the possible pathway.Female pregnant mice were treated with either molsidomine, a generator of nitric oxide (NO), or N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of NO synthase. The pregnancy rates of each group were calculated; 3'-end-labeling was used to detect DNA fragmention of apoptotic cells; immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and Western blot were applied respectively to estimate expression levels of Fas/FasL proteins and mRNA.The pregnancy rate in the drug treated group was reduced in a dose-dependent manner; apoptosis, Fas protein and mRNA levels in the endometrium of drug treated mice were correlatively decreased during the peri-implantation period.The decreased pregnant rate in mice by abnormal levels of nitric oxide may be brought about by inhibiting the normally occurrence of apoptosis in the receptive endometrium.
- Published
- 2003
42. Expression of P16(INK4a) in testis of rhesus monkey during heat stress and testosterone undecanoate induced azoospermia or oligozoospermia
- Author
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Han Xiao-Bin, Hu Zhao-yuan, Liu Yixun, Wei Peng, Zhou Ru-Jin, and Zhou Xin-Chang
- Subjects
Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Programmed cell death ,Hot Temperature ,Blotting, Western ,Gene Expression ,Mitosis ,Apoptosis ,Testicle ,Biology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Testosterone ,Testosterone Congeners ,Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ,Azoospermia ,urogenital system ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Oligospermia ,medicine.disease ,Sertoli cell ,Immunohistochemistry ,Macaca mulatta ,Spermatozoa ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Reproductive Medicine ,Models, Animal ,Spermatogenesis ,Germ cell - Abstract
Previous studies on azoospermia or oligozoospermia induced by heat stress or high doses of testosterone mainly focused on germ cell apoptosis; no data regarding their possible effect on spermatogonia mitosis are available. We have established unilateral cryptorchid and testosterone undecanoate (TU)-treated monkey models and examined expression of P16INK4a in the testis to look at its possible role in azoospermia or oligozoospermia induced by the heat stress or the TU treatment. The results showed that both heat stress and TU were capable of inducing expression of P16INK4a mainly in spermatogonia and other types of germ cells as well as Sertoli cells at the later stage of germ cell apoptosis, namely on Day 10 after operation or on Day 60 after TU injection. It is, therefore, suggested for the first time that P16INK4a protein may inhibit the spermatogonia mitosis in the testis at the later stage of the germ cell apoptosis, resulting in arrest of spermatogenesis.
- Published
- 2002
43. Apoptosis occurs in implantation site of the rhesus monkey during early stage of pregnancy
- Author
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Chen Xin-Lei, Gao Fei, Wei Peng, Liu Yixun, and Hu Zhao-yuan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Apoptosis ,Biology ,Fas ligand ,Andrology ,Pregnancy ,Placenta ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,In Situ Nick-End Labeling ,Animals ,Embryo Implantation ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,Cytotrophoblast ,Decidua ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Placentation ,Trophoblast ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,Macaca mulatta ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Reproductive Medicine ,embryonic structures ,Models, Animal ,Chorionic villi ,Female - Abstract
The exact role of apoptosis that occurs in human placenta during the early stage of pregnancy remains unknown because of the difficulty in obtaining the intact implantation site. In this study, we used rhesus monkey as an animal model to examine apoptosis occurring in the implantation site at various stages of early pregnancy. It was shown that Fas and FasL mRNA and protein were localized in both the chorionic villi and glandular epithelium from day 15 to day 30 of pregnancy. Fas and FasL protein were also expressed in the epithelial plaque on day 15 of pregnancy. In situ 3'-end-labeling results showed that glandular epithelial cells underwent extensive apoptosis with obvious morphological degradation during the early stage of pregnancy. It was found that the cells that were 3'-end-labeled in the chorionic villi and anchoring villi were mainly localized in cytotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast column. It is therefore suggested that in primates apoptosis, which may be involved in the regulation of proliferation of trophoblast villi and degradation of epithelial plaque, as well as remodeling of the glands in the maternal decidua, may play an important role during the early stage of implantation and placentation.
- Published
- 2001
44. ROLE OF C-JUN NH2-TERMINAL KINASE SIGNALING IN MALE GERM CELL APOPTOSIS IN MONKEYS AFTER MILD TESTICULAR HYPERTHERMIA AND/OR INTRATESTICULAR TESTOSTERONE DEPRIVATION
- Author
-
Yue Jia, Ronald S. Swerdloff, X. S. Zhang, Yi-Xun Liu, N. Chiang, X. Han, A. P. Sinha Hikim, Yanhe Lue, Yin-Chuan Li, Christina Wang, Zhao-Yuan Hu, and C. Johnson
- Subjects
endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,TUNEL assay ,Kinase ,Cell ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Sertoli cell ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Apoptosis ,Cytoplasm ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Signal transduction ,Germ cell - Abstract
Objective In earlier studies, we have shown the involvement of the mitochondria-dependent intrinsic pathway for induction of male germ cell apoptosis in monkeys after transient testicular warming or administration of exogenous testosterone. The JNK (c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase) signaling pathway has been implicated in the activation of apoptosis in various cell systems by stimulating the intrinsic pathway, but its role in testicular germ cell death is unclear. The goal of this study was to define the role of JNK in male germ cell apoptosis in monkeys after mild testicular hyperthermia or deprivation of intratesticular T or the combination of both interventions. Study Design Groups of eight adult cynomolgus monkeys received one of the following treatments: (1) two empty Silastic implants (C); (2) two 5.5 cm T-implants (T); (3) daily exposure of testes to heat (43°C for 30 minutes) for 2 consecutive days (H); and (4) two T-implants plus exposure of the testes to heat for 2 consecutive days (T + H). Testicular biopsies were performed before and at 3, 8, and 28 days during treatment. Results Activation of JNK, as evidenced by increase in phospho-c-Jun in testis lysates, was detected in all treatment groups on day 3. Compared with controls, where no staining was detected, a strong phospho-c-Jun staining was detected in the nuclei of apoptotic germ cells in all treatment groups and in the Sertoli cell nuclei at day 8 in H and H + T groups. To further define the role of JNK in apoptotic signal transduction, we examined the expression of JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3 in testes after these interventions. In the control testes, the expression of JNKs was localized in the Sertoli cell cytoplasm. Costaining for JNK2 and -3 and for TUNEL shows expression of both of these isoforms only in those germ cells undergoing apoptosis when compared with controls where these proteins were detected in cytoplasm. In contrast, JNK1 was detected in the Sertoli cell nuclei at day 8 in H and H + T groups. Conclusion Our results indicate that (1) the JNK pathway may play a role in male germ cell apoptosis in monkeys; (2) JNK isoforms could have preferential effects on testis function; and (3) Sertoli cells participate in germ cell apoptosis triggered by heat stress via JNK signaling.
- Published
- 2007
45. Functions of MiRNA-128 on the Regulation of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Growth and Apoptosis.
- Author
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Hauser, Belinda, Zhao, Yuan, Pang, Xiaowu, Ling, Zhiqiang, Myers, Ernest, Wang, Paul, Califano, Joseph, and Gu, Xinbin
- Subjects
- *
HEAD & neck cancer , *MICRORNA , *SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma , *APOPTOSIS , *TUMOR growth , *CARCINOGENESIS - Abstract
Background: Incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has continuously increased in past years while its survival rate has not been significantly improved. There is a critical need to better understand the genetic regulation of HNSCC tumorigenesis and progression. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the function of miRNA-128 (miR-128) in the regulation of HNSCC growth and its putative targets in vitro and in vivo systems. Methods: The function and targets of miR-128 were investigated in human HNSCC cell lines (JHU-13 and JHU-22), which were stably transfected with the miR-128 gene using a lentiviral delivery system. The expression levels of miR-128 and its targeted proteins were analyzed with qRT-PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry. The binding capacity of miRNA-128 to its putative targets was determined using a luciferase report assay. MTT, colony formation, and a tumor xenograft model further evaluated the effects of miR-128 on HNSCC growth. Results: We generated two miR-128 stably transfected human HNSCC cell lines (JHU-13miR-128 and JHU-22miR-128). Enforced expression of miR-128 was detected in both cultured JHU-13miR-128 and JHU-22miR-128 cell lines, approximately seventeen to twenty folds higher than in vector control cell lines. miRNA-128 was able to bind with the 3′-untranslated regions of BMI-1, BAG-2, BAX, H3f3b, and Paip2 mRNAs, resulting in significant reduction of the targeted protein levels. We found that upregulated miR-128 expression significantly inhibited both JHU-13miR-128 and JHU-22miR-128 cell viability approximately 20 to 40%, and the JHU-22miR-128 tumor xenograft growth compared to the vector control groups. Conclusions: miR-128 acted as a tumor suppressor inhibiting the HNSCC growth by directly mediating the expression of putative targets. Our results provide a better understanding of miRNA-128 function and its potential targets, which may be valuable for developing novel diagnostic markers and targeted therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. ROLE OF CASPASE 2 IN APOPTOTIC SIGNALING OF PRIMATE MALE GERM CELLS
- Author
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Yin-Chuan Li, C. Johnson, Zhao-Yuan Hu, Yanhe Lue, Ronald S. Swerdloff, X. S. Zhang, A. P. Sinha Hikim, Yue Jia, Christina Wang, Yi-Xun Liu, and X. Han
- Subjects
biology ,Caspase 2 ,Cell ,General Medicine ,Sertoli cell ,Oocyte ,Inhibitor of apoptosis ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Cell biology ,Andrology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Apoptosis ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Germ cell ,Caspase - Abstract
Objective Caspase 2 is an initiator caspase whose activation has been found to promote apoptosis through mitochondria-dependent intrinsic pathway signaling in various cell systems, including the oocyte. Previously, we have shown that the intrinsic pathway is the key pathway for male germ cell apoptosis in rodents, monkeys, and men. The present study investigates if germ cell apoptosis induced by mild testicular hyperthermia or deprivation of intratesticular testosterone (T) or after combined interventions involves activation of caspase 2. Study Design Groups of eight adult cynomolgus monkeys received one of the following treatments: (1) two empty silastic implants (C); (2) two 5.5 cm-T implants (T); (3) daily exposure of testes to heat (43°C for 30 minutes) for 2 consecutive days (H); and (4) two T-implants plus exposure of the testes to heat for 2 consecutive days (H + T). Testicular biopsies were performed before and at 3, 8, and 28 days during treatment. Results Mean incidence of germ cell apoptosis increased significantly by d 3 in the H-alone group and by d 8 in the T-alone group but peaked at d 3 in the H + T group. Maximum activation of caspase 2 in respective treatment groups, as evidenced by immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting using an active caspase 2 antibody, coincided with the increased incidence of apoptosis. In control testes, we detected moderate immunostaining for active caspase 2 in Sertoli cells with little or no expression of germ cells. In contrast, we found a strong staining for active caspase 2 in apoptotic germ cells and in the Sertoli cells Co-staining for TUNEL and active caspase 2 further confirmed activation of caspase 2 only in those germ cells undergoing apoptosis. Conclusion Caspase 2 is activated in male germ cell apoptosis in nonhuman primates after heat stress, hormonal deprivation, or combined interventions. Future studies aimed at determining the expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins in testis will be needed to determine why Sertoli cells are not dying in spite of enhanced expression of caspase 2.
- Published
- 2007
47. Germ cell apoptosis induced by experimental cryptorchidism is mediated by multiple molecular pathways in Cynomolgus Macaque
- Author
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Jian Guo, Yin Chuan Li, Xue-Sen Zhang, Zhao-Yuan Hu, Chunsheng Han, Shixin Tao, and Yi-Xun Liu
- Subjects
Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Blotting, Western ,Radioimmunoassay ,Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ,Apoptosis ,Vimentin ,DNA Fragmentation ,Biology ,Giant Cells ,Models, Biological ,Internal medicine ,Cryptorchidism ,Testis ,In Situ Nick-End Labeling ,medicine ,Animals ,Receptor ,Sertoli Cells ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Epithelial Cells ,Chaperonin 60 ,Luteinizing Hormone ,Sertoli cell ,Immunohistochemistry ,Epithelium ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Disease Models, Animal ,Macaca fascicularis ,Germ Cells ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ,Giant cell ,biology.protein ,Follicle Stimulating Hormone ,Luteinizing hormone ,Germ cell ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Experimental cryptorchidism is a common model for examining the expression and function of heat-sensitive spermatogenesis-related genes in testis. Previous studies have shown that germ cells in cryptorchid testis die mainly in an apoptotic way. The molecular mechanism, however, is still unclear. We have established unilateral cryptorchid monkey model (Cynomolgus Macaque) to identify possible molecules involved in the germ cell apoptosis. The degree of germ cell apoptosis, the morphology of the cryptorchid testis, and the changes in the serum concentration of FSH, LH and testosterone after cryptorchid surgery were analyzed. Sertoli cell marker molecule vimentin, the orphan receptor LRH-1, as well as the mitochondria-related protein HSP60 and Bcl-2 were examined. Our results showed that the weight of the cryptorchid testis decreased in a time-dependent manner started from day 7 after the surgery, while the weight of the scrotal testis had no obvious change. HE staining showed that from day 5, some germ cells were detached from the epithelium. A massive degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium characteristic of epithelial structural disorganization and the formation of multinucleated giant cells as well as vacuoles was observed on day 10 and 15. The cryptorchidism induced a marked germ cell apoptosis on day 3 after the operation, reaching a peak level on day 7.
- Published
- 2006
48. 96 MILD TESTICULAR HYPERTHERMIA AND EXOGENOUS TESTOSTERONE INDUCE GERM CELL APOPTOSIS THROUGH MITOCHONDRIA-DEPENDENT PATHWAY IN ADULT CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS
- Author
-
Zhao-Yuan Hu, Yi-Xun Liu, Ronald S. Swerdloff, X. S. Zhang, Sinha A.P. Hikim, Yanhe Lue, Yue Jia, Y. Vera, Yin-Chuan Li, and Christina Wang
- Subjects
Hyperthermia ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cytochrome c ,Chromosomal translocation ,General Medicine ,Mitochondrion ,Silastic ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Cytosol ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Apoptosis ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Germ cell - Abstract
Objective To determine whether the mitochondria-dependent pathway was involved in testicular germ cell death in monkeys after mild testicular hyperthermia or deprivation of intratesticular T or the combination of both interventions. Study Design Groups of 8 adult monkeys received one of the following treatments: (1) two empty Silastic implants; (2) two 5.5 cm T implants; (3) daily exposure of testes to heat (43°C) for 2 consecutive days; and (4) two T implants plus heat exposure for 2 consecutive days. Testicular biopsies were performed before and at 3, 8, and 30 days during treatment. Results Translocation of both cytochrome c and DIABLO from mitochondria to cytosol was detected in all treatment groups compared to controls. This event was accompanied by an increase in Bcl-2 levels in both cytosolic and mitochondrial fraction of testicular lysates, whereas BAX levels remained unaffected. Conclusion These results indicate that the mitochondria-dependent pathway plays an important role for male germ cell death in monkeys. Timed testes biopsies will be used for transcriptional and translational assessment of androgen-responsive genes.
- Published
- 2006
49. [Untitled]
- Author
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Chunsheng Han, Xue-Sen Zhang, Yi-Xun Liu, Zhao-Yuan Hu, Xuan Jin, and Peng Wei
- Subjects
Fetus ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cell growth ,Cell ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Placentation ,Biology ,Cell biology ,Endocrinology ,Syncytiotrophoblast ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Reproductive Medicine ,Apoptosis ,Placenta ,Internal medicine ,embryonic structures ,medicine ,Cytotrophoblasts ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
To study the apoptosis and its mechanism at the fetal-maternal interface of early gestation, localization of apoptotic cells in the implantation sites of the rhesus monkey on day 17, 19, 28 and 34 of pregnancy were first examine by using the TUNEL technique. The expression of Ki67, a molecular marker of proliferating cells, and two apoptotic proteins, B cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2 (Bcl-2) and P53, were then studied by immunohistochemistry. Apoptotic nuclei were observed mainly in the syncytiotrophoblast. Ki67 was confined almost exclusively to cytotrophoblasts. The localization of Bcl-2 protein follows that of the apoptotic nuclei and its expression level increased as the development of the placenta progressed on. P53 was detected to some extent in cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblast covering the basal feet of the anchoring villi during the late stage of placentation. Based on these observations, it might be suggested that Bcl-2 could be possible to play an interesting role in limiting degree of nuclear degradation and sustaining cell suvival in the multi-nucleated syncytiotrophoblast cells during early pregnancy, and P53 could also be essential in regulating the trophoblastic homeostasis by controlling its proliferation or apoptosis.
- Published
- 2005
50. In Vivo Electrochemical Biosensors for Reactive Oxygen Species Detection: A Mini-Review.
- Author
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Chen, Wei, Ren, Qiong-Qiong, Yang, Qin, Wen, Wei, and Zhao, Yuan-Di
- Subjects
BIOSENSORS ,REACTIVE oxygen species ,DETECTION of microorganisms ,SUPEROXIDES ,HYDROGEN peroxide ,IMMUNE response ,APOPTOSIS ,QUANTITATIVE research - Abstract
Due to the significance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in numerous physiological processes including pathogen response, apoptosis, and induction of defense genes, various methods have been developed for their quantitative analysis. However, the conventional methods using exogenous tracers lack the capability to conduct real-time in vivo measurements. The electrochemical biosensors have shown their potentials for in vivo applications with the rapid and reagentless detection processes. In this article, electrochemical biosensors that are capable of making in vivo ROS detections are reviewed. The different configurations of these biosensors with corresponding strategies to enhance sensitivity and selectivity are discussed in detail. With further studies to promote the biosensor performance, these devices promise to provide more facile ways for ROS research in life sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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