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Bio-convection is an important phenomenon which is described by hydrodynamic instability and pattern in suspension of biased swimming microorganisms. This hydrodynamics instability arises due to the coupling force between the motion of the micoorganisms and fluid flow. It becomes more significant when nanoparticles are immersed in the base fluid with non-Newtonian rheology. This study presents the bio-convection for a viscoelastic Casson nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet. The Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion, induced magnetic field, thermal radiation, heat generation, viscous dissipation and chemical reaction are taken into account. The boundary condition is enriched with the suction / injection and melting phenomena at the surface. Highly coupled nonlinear governing equations are simplified into a system of coupled ordinary differential equation by using proper similarity transformation. The spectral quasi-linearization method (SQLM) is used to solve the transformed governing equations numerically. Good agreement is observed with the numerical data investigated in the previous outstanding works. It is observed that the density of the motile microorganisms depends on Peclet number and bio-convective Lewis number. Bio-convection Rayleigh number increases the possibility of bio-convection in the system which results in the enhancement of temperature. It is also examined that temperature and concentration profiles increase with the Eckert number and thermophoresis parameter.