7 results on '"Alfonso, Sébastien"'
Search Results
2. Moderate stocking density does not influence the behavioural and physiological responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in organic aquaculture.
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Carbonara, Pierluigi, Alfonso, Sébastien, Gai, Francesco, Gasco, Laura, Palmegiano, Giovanni, Spedicato, Maria Teresa, Zupa, Walter, and Lembo, Giuseppe
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FISH stocking , *RAINBOW trout , *DENSITY , *PHYSIOLOGICAL stress , *WATER quality , *WELFARE state , *AQUACULTURE - Abstract
Welfare in farmed fish got particular attention during the last decades from both governmental and public sides. In aquaculture context, welfare concerns are mainly related to handling procedures, water quality and stoking densities. In Europe, authorities had to clarify the threshold limits of stocking densities to maintain fish good welfare, including for organics aquaculture through the EC regulation 710/2009. However, effects of stocking density on fish welfare are complex and sometimes contradictory. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge about the impact of density on fish welfare in organic aquaculture. Thus, the aim of the study is to asses welfare state of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at two initial stocking densities (low density, LD: 12 kg/m3 and high density, HD: 17 kg/m3) fed using organic feed by combining the monitoring of growth performances, behaviour (swimming activity) and physiological indicators (i.e. cortisol, glucose, lactate, hematocrit, red blood cellule count and lysozyme). At the end of experiment, the stocking density reached 21 kg/m3 and 30 kg/m3 for the LD and HD respectively. Overall, growth performances, swimming activity and level of physiological indicators of stress and welfare were similar between HD and LD over the experiment duration. To conclude, we observed no alteration of fish welfare between the two stocking densities monitored. This study suggests that a final stocking density of 30 kg/m3 can be considered for organic aquaculture of rainbow trout respecting welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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3. Mapping the Energetic Costs of Free-Swimming Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata), a Key Species in European Marine Aquaculture.
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Alfonso, Sébastien, Zupa, Walter, Spedicato, Maria Teresa, Lembo, Giuseppe, and Carbonara, Pierluigi
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SPARUS aurata , *MARICULTURE , *FISH locomotion , *ANAEROBIC metabolism , *CALORIC expenditure , *AEROBIC metabolism , *COST of living - Abstract
Simple Summary: Assessment of the energetic costs of different living activities is of primary interest among fish biologists. However, assessing energy expenditure in free-swimming fish is challenging owing to the difficulty of performing such measurements in the field. Therefore, the use of implant fish with sensors that transmit signals that serve as a proxy for energy expenditure is a promising method to counter these limitations, allowing remote monitoring in tagged fish. The aim of this study was to correlate the acceleration recorded by the tag with the activities of the red and white muscles and the oxygen consumption rate (MO2), which could serve as a proxy for energy expenditure, in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), a key species in European marine aquaculture. The acceleration recorded by the tag was successfully correlated with MO2. Additionally, through electromyographic analyses, we determined the activities of the red and white muscles, which are indicative of the contributions of aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms during swimming. Finally, the tag implantation did not affect the swimming performance, metabolic traits, and swimming efficiency of the sea bream. By obtaining insights into both aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms, sensor mapping with physiological indicators may be useful for the purposes of aquaculture health/welfare remote monitoring of gilthead sea bream. Measurement of metabolic rates provides a valuable proxy for the energetic costs of different living activities. However, such measurements are not easy to perform in free-swimming fish. Therefore, mapping acceleration from accelerometer tags with oxygen consumption rates (MO2) is a promising method to counter these limitations and could represent a tool for remotely estimating MO2 in aquaculture environments. In this study, we monitored the swimming performance and MO2 of 79 gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata; weight range, 219–971 g) during a critical swimming test. Among all the fish challenged, 27 were implanted with electromyography (EMG) electrodes, and 27 were implanted with accelerometer tags to monitor the activation pattern of the red/white muscles during swimming. Additionally, we correlated the acceleration recorded by the tag with the MO2. Overall, we found no significant differences in swimming performance, metabolic traits, and swimming efficiency between the tagged and untagged fish. The acceleration recorded by the tag was successfully correlated with MO2. Additionally, through EMG analyses, we determined the activities of the red and white muscles, which are indicative of the contributions of aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms until reaching critical swimming speed. By obtaining insights into both aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms, sensor mapping with physiological data may be useful for the purposes of aquaculture health/welfare remote monitoring of the gilthead sea bream, a key species in European marine aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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4. Calibrating Accelerometer Tags with Oxygen Consumption Rate of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Their Use in Aquaculture Facility: A Case Study.
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Zupa, Walter, Alfonso, Sébastien, Gai, Francesco, Gasco, Laura, Spedicato, Maria Teresa, Lembo, Giuseppe, and Carbonara, Pierluigi
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RAINBOW trout , *OXYGEN consumption , *FISH farming , *ANAEROBIC metabolism , *AEROBIC metabolism , *AQUACULTURE - Abstract
Simple Summary: Measuring metabolic rates in free-swimming fish would provide valuable insights about the energetic costs of different life activities this is challenging to implement in the field due to the difficulty of performing such measurements. Thus, the calibration of acoustic transmitters with the oxygen consumption rate (MO2) could be promising to counter the limitations observed in the field. In this study, calibrations were performed in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and a subsample of fish was implanted with such a transmitter and then followed under aquaculture conditions. The use of acoustic transmitters calibrated with MO2 appeared to be a promising tool to estimate energetic costs in free-swimming rainbow trout, and for welfare assessment in the aquaculture industry. Metabolic rates are linked to the energetic costs of different activities of an animal's life. However, measuring the metabolic rate in free-swimming fish remains challenging due to the lack of possibilities to perform these direct measurements in the field. Thus, the calibration of acoustic transmitters with the oxygen consumption rate (MO2) could be promising to counter these limitations. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792; n = 40) were challenged in a critical swimming test (Ucrit) to (1) obtain insights about the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism throughout electromyograms; and (2) calibrate acoustic transmitters' signal with the MO2 to be later used as a proxy of energetic costs. After this calibration, the fish (n = 12) were implanted with the transmitter and were followed during ~50 days in an aquaculture facility, as a case study, to evaluate the potential of such calibration. Accelerometer data gathered from tags over a long time period were converted to estimate the MO2. The MO2 values indicated that all fish were reared under conditions that did not impact their health and welfare. In addition, a diurnal pattern with higher MO2 was observed for the majority of implanted trout. In conclusion, this study provides (1) biological information about the muscular activation pattern of both red and white muscle; and (2) useful tools to estimate the energetic costs in free-ranging rainbow trout. The use of acoustic transmitters calibrated with MO2, as a proxy of energy expenditure, could be promising for welfare assessment in the aquaculture industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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5. EFFECTS OF THE ENRICHED-ORGANIC DIETS COMPOSITION ON EUROPEAN SEA BASS (Dicentrarchus labrax) NEW TOOLS FOR FISH WELFARE EVALUATION IN AQUACULTURE.
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DARA, Mariano, CARBONARA, Pierluigi, ZUPA, Walter, BITETTO, Isabella, ALFONSO, Sébastien, VAZZANA, Irene, and CAMMARATA, Matteo
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EUROPEAN seabass ,AQUACULTURE ,FISH nutrition - Published
- 2021
6. Using acoustic telemetry to assess behavioral responses to acute hypoxia and ammonia exposure in farmed rainbow trout of different competitive ability.
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Gesto, Manuel, Zupa, Walter, Alfonso, Sébastien, Spedicato, Maria Teresa, Lembo, Giuseppe, and Carbonara, Pierluigi
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RAINBOW trout , *FISH farming , *FISHERIES , *AMMONIA , *HYPOXEMIA , *COBALT chloride , *TELEMETRY - Abstract
• Trout of different personality/competitive ability were exposed to aquaculture stressors (hypoxia and high ammonia). • Hypoxia resulted overall in reduced swimming activity, but induced no physiological stress. • High levels of ammonia were stressful, and induced an increase of avoidance behavior. • Personality-related behavioral differences were evident upon stress (high ammonia). • The data support the use of wireless accelerometer sensors as a promising tool for welfare monitoring in aquaculture. As other vertebrates, fish differ on an individual basis in their responses to disturbance (i.e. stress) and in their capacity for adaptation to environmental change. This individual stress-coping style (SCS) might have an impact on the individual welfare in aquaculture facilities. However, most of the studies about the behavioral and physiological stress responses of fish with different SCS were performed under conditions very unlike usual rearing conditions. Therefore, we aimed in the current study at investigating the behavioral and physiological responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of different SCS to common aquaculture stressors (exposure to hypoxia or high ammonia) under realistic conditions. We first screened the fish according to their competitive ability, as a proxy of SCS, separating the best and worst competitors (winners, W, and losers, L, respectively). Then, we evaluated the behavioral (using both telemetric and video-monitoring approaches) and physiological response of both groups upon exposure to increasing levels of hypoxia and ammonia. Overall, increasing hypoxia induced a slight but progressive decrease in fish activity, independently of the fish SCS. High concentrations of total ammonia induced an increase of certain behavioral displays, such as swimming bursts or approaches to the surface, the latter being overall more frequent in W than in L fish. At the specific stress levels tested (hypoxia: 50 % oxygen saturation; total ammonia: 2.91 mM), the physiological stress markers showed that the behavioral response to ammonia was probably driven by stress, while the behavioral response of the fish to hypoxia was just a behavioral adjustment to accommodate the decrease in oxygen availability. In conclusion, our data show that fish of different competitive ability showed similar activity patterns in routine conditions or when adapting to non-stressful conditions (50 % oxygen saturation) in an aquaculture-like setup, but differed in their behavioral response when exposed to stress (high water ammonia). In addition, our data support the use of acoustic accelerometer transmitters as a promising tool for real-time monitoring of fish welfare in commercial fish farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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7. Calibrating accelerometer data, as a promising tool for health and welfare monitoring in aquaculture: Case study in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in conventional or organic aquaculture
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Giuseppe Lembo, Maria Dioguardi, Sébastien Alfonso, Maria Teresa Spedicato, Walter Zupa, Matteo Cammarata, Mirella Vazzana, Mariano Dara, Pierluigi Carbonara, Carbonara, Pierluigi, Alfonso, Sébastien, Dioguardi, Maria, Zupa, Walter, Vazzana, Mirella, Dara, Mariano, Spedicato, Maria Teresa, Lembo, Giuseppe, and Cammarata, Matteo
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Healt, aquaculture, organic, Dicentrarchus ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Welfare ,SH1-691 ,Physiological telemetry ,Aquatic Science ,Aquaculture ,Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling ,Accelerometer data ,Sea bass ,Physiological stress ,Prior - feeding ,media_common ,Organic aquaculture ,biology ,business.industry ,biology.organism_classification ,Fishery ,Critical swimming speed Ucrit ,Environmental science ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dicentrarchus ,business ,Muscle activity - Abstract
Both the conventional and organic aquaculture sectors have grown rapidly over the past few years. Moreover, welfare has attracted increased attention on the part of both consumers and governments. However, fish welfare assessment is complex and thus needs to adapt measurements that are easily applicable to aquaculture conditions. In this study, in addition to classical welfare indicator measurements (physiological stress indicators and growth performance), we recorded the swimming activity data using acoustic transmitters to evaluate the welfare of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed a conventional vs. an organic diet. Prior feeding trial, the swimming activity recorded by tag has been calibrated with water speed during critical swimming speed (Ucrit) tests. This calibration allowed us to increase the power of the recorded data, providing information on swimming activity with respect to the Ucrit value and on the metabolic cost of swimming. After a four-month experimental period, physiological stress indicators and growth performance did not differ significantly between the two diet groups. However, we observed a subtle difference in swimming activity: the fish in the organic diet group were more active during the feeding period in the morning. All indicators considered, our results suggest that an organic diet does not incur higher metabolic costs and does not affect the welfare of the European sea bass. Moreover, this study shows that the use of acoustic transmitters previously calibrated with physiological indicators, such as Ucrit, is a promising tool for welfare monitoring in aquaculture conditions.
- Published
- 2021
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