Search

There is a stable growth in aquaculture production to avoid seafood scarcity. The usage of eco-friendly feed additives is not only associated with aquatic animal health but also reduces the risk of deleterious effects to the environment and consumers. Aquaculture researchers are seeking dietary solutions to improve the growth performance and yield of target organisms. A wide range of naturally derived compounds such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, complex carbohydrates, nutritional factors, herbs, hormones, vitamins, and cytokines was utilized as immunostimulants in aquaculture. The use of polysaccharides derived from natural resources, such as alginate, agar, laminarin, carrageenan, fucoidan, chitin, and chitosan, as supplementary feed in aquaculture species has been reported. Polysaccharides are prebiotic substances which are enhancing the immunity, disease resistance and growth of aquatic animals. Further, chitin (CT), chitosan (CTS) and chitooligosaccharides (COS) were recognized for their biodegradable properties and unique biological functions. The dietary effects of CT, CTS and COS at different inclusion levels on growth performance, immune response and gut microbiota in aquaculture species has been reviewed. The safety regulations, challenges and future outlooks of CT, CTS and COS in aquatic animals have been discussed in this review., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aquaculture is one of the primary food-producing sectors in the world that ensures human nourishment. However, aqua farmers are facing serious problems due to disease outbreaks and development of antimicrobial resistance. Until now, chemical or antibiotic based strategies have been applied to control disease related concern in aquaculture. Frequent usage of antibiotics in feed or usage of disinfectant to overcome the disease may end up with negative impacts to the environment and human. Utilization of plant derived polysaccharides has been drastically increased due to their effective roles and could serve as a best replacement for chemical agents and antibiotics. In addition, plant derived compounds and plant extracts were utilized to improve the immunity, intestinal health and growth performance of aquaculturable organisms. In addition, large number of plant-based polysaccharides was utilized as immunostimulants in aquaculture. Hence, this review aims to highlight the multifunctional properties of plant-based polysaccharides in aquaculture. Moreover, advantages and different concentration of plant polysaccharides as a feed additive in aquaculture sector have been discussed herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaculture industry is one of the major food‐producing sectors in the world that provide nutritional food security for mankind. Fish and crustacean farmers are facing various challenges in treating the rapid spread of infectious diseases in recent times. Numerous strategies, including antibiotics, disinfectants, and other antimicrobial agents, have been applied to protect the cultivable aquatic animals from infectious diseases. These applications lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance, toxicity, and the accumulation of antibiotic residues in cells and organelles of the cultivable edible organisms and the environment. The use of naturally derived compounds, polysaccharides, and functional metabolites has gained immense attention among aquaculturists. Mushrooms and their nutraceutical components have been widely used in various sectors, including food, pharmaceutical, poultry, and aquaculture industries, for their non‐toxic and eco‐friendly properties. To date, there are several reports available on edible and medicinal mushrooms as a dietary ingredient for fish and decapod crustacean culture. The mushroom products such as mycelia, stalk, dry powder, polysaccharides, and extracts have been utilized in aquaculture as growth promoters and immunostimulants, improving the digestive enzyme activity, antimicrobials, and improving the health status of cultivable aquatic animals. This present review elucidates the effectiveness of mushrooms and mushroom‐derived compounds as prebiotics in aquaculture. The challenges and future perspectives of mushroom‐derived bioactive molecules have been discussed in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aquaculture industries would be benefit if the cultured organisms were conferring with proper growth, feed supplements and resistance to diseases. In intensive farming, there are various constrains, such as stresses and disease which results in weakened immune system have been observed. Diseases spread rapidly and threatening the aquaculture industry leads to severe economic loss. Antibiotics and vaccines have been used to control various diseases in aquaculture industries, however, these practices can increase the resistant of pathogens, thus novel strategies are need to control the pathogens. In order to overcome the limiting factors of intensive culture probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotic have been used as dietary supplements. Among these, prebiotics are non-digestible feed ingredients that benefit the host in several ways by stimulating the growth and immune responses and help them in defence mechanism against pathogenic microbes as well as abiotic stressors. In aquaculture practice, fungal polysaccharides are prebiotic substance which is widely accepted as a nutritional component for regulating growth and health condition. The current review summarizes and discusses the potential uses of fungal polysaccharides on growth performance, immune response and diseases resistance of various fish and shrimp species. Highlights • The potential uses of fungal polysaccharides (prebiotics) on fish and shrimp aquaculture was investigated. • Dietary inclusion of fungal polysaccharides can enhance growth and innate immune responses of fish and shrimp. • Dietary inclusion of fungal polysaccharides can enhance the ability of fish and shrimp to resistance the microbial infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaculture industry is one of the world's fastest and largest growing food producing sector. Most importantly, the usage of fish meal in aquaculture has been replaced with alternate protein sources due to their production cost, demand of raw materials and various environmental issues. The insect black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larval (BSFL) meal is being recognized as a feed ingredient in aquafeeds for their protein rich content similar to fish meal (FM). BSFL meal has been utilized as a fish meal or soy meal substitution in aquaculture to improve the nutrition. The culture of H. illucens larvae can be achieved using various biodegradable wastes and converted into a valuable biomass. In addition, the proximate analysis of H. illucens has been analyzed for its multifaceted role in poultry, cattle feed preparation and human consumption. The effectiveness of BSFL diet was analyzed for final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed intake (FI), feed efficiency (FE) and survival (SUR) of different fish and shrimp used as an experimental models with FM as the control diet. However, there is no comprehensive review available on the BSFL as an alternate protein source in aquaculture till date. Hence, the present review aimed to evaluate the feasible role of BSFL in feed, its sustainable production and challenges of BSFL meal in aquaculture sector along with their merits and demerits. [Display omitted] • Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFL) regulate the survival and growth of culturable aquatic animals. • BSFL meal can increase the specific and non-specific immunity in aquatic animals. • BSFL meal can improve the disease resistance of aquatic animals against pathogens. • BSFL meal regulate the intestinal microbiota of aquatic animals. • BSFL meal can upregulate the growth and immune genes in aquactic animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]