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This paper starts from the premise that social space, the state space, is a socially productive territory characterized, among other things, by hierarchical social, economic and political relations. This hierarchical dimension of space comes to the fore when researching the urban marginalization of Roma people in Romania. The mechanisms of exclusion employed by the state against Roma groups are situated in a wide range of other policies, among which uneven territorial development ranks chief. As such, this paper seeks to analyse the junction between these processes. It asks the question: how did the process of urban planning reinforce the urban marginalization of Roma people during socialism in Baia Mare? In order to address this question, I mobilize the results of two years of archival research in the city of Baia Mare, coupled with the discursive analysis of this archival material. I perform a diachronic analysis of how Roma people were targeted by state practices of urban marginalization, such as stigmatization, criminalization and repression. I show how the policies of systematisation of Baia Mare shaped the territory of a particular neighbourhood – Hatvan, attempting to manage and control the Roma population there. Throughout the 1960s, Hatvan was considered a focal point for crime. This led to a large-scale plan to completely transform the area through evictions, demolitions and the displacement of Roma people. The result was a place that was seen as clean, ordered and lawful social space, which became what is currently known as the Vasile Alecsandri neighbourhood. However, this space continues to this day to be one of social marginalisation, economic deprivation and institutionalised racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that researchers involved in cultural heritage preservation need to adopt a more inclusive ethnographic research methodology that pays special attention to how power, class, and status shape the communities we study. Based on observations from field research in Ghimes-Faget, Romania, we discuss why the Hungarian ethnic identity was chosen as the village's most visible representation although residents had many other identities from which to choose. We show how local efforts to preserve culture, history and self "in one direction" were shaped by the current socio-economic reality in the village. Our findings suggest that identity selection is influenced by shifting power relations between ethnic groups over time as much as it is by the dominant ethnic group in a community. In an effort to show how existing research falls short, we discuss why one recently proposed "culturally responsive research methodology" could not support any kind of legitimate preservation agenda in Ghimes or any other community.

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This paper aims at exploring the discursive strategies used by the central press during the third Liberal Party government led by Gh. Tătărescu (29 August 1936 - 14 November 1937), so as to make naturalizations after 1918 a matter under debate and their revision a necessary solution. The revision of citizenship was already on the agenda of the far-right parties (the National-Christian Defense League, turned into the National-Christian Party, and the "Archangel Michael" Legion) since their foundation, but it was only during the tenure of this government that the topic made its way into the central press. That happened under certain specific conditions. First of all, there was the topic of foreigners and the revival of the National-Christian slogan "Romania for the Romanians" (in the original: „România a românilor"). Secondly, press reports referred to presumed cases of fraudulent reception of citizenship by foreigners (especially Jews) and, more precisely, there was a press scandal caused by the so-called Marton Hertz case. These discursive strategies were successful, because they were followed by three normative revision initiatives. As the analysis of these initiatives, in terms of their legal content and the parliamentary and press debates that ac - companied them, is complex and beyond the scope of this paper, we shall only sketch them. Starting from historical sources (the press articles of the time, the archives of the Legislative Council, the parliamentary debates), the study aims at exploring the previously unknown prehistory of Decree-Law No 169 of 21 January 1938 on the revision of citizenship in terms of the mechanisms that made it possible and prepared the public opinion, in 1938-1939, for the acceptance and effective implementation of the revision of citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the documents kept in archive of Jenő Janovics, an artistic director in Hungary and Romania for 30 years. The rich archival materials, kept in Cluj, of this important public figure reflect the turbulent times of history of Hungarian Theater in Cluj in the first half of the 20th century. The study presents a possible approach to this material, also introducing Janovics's diary's hermeneutical problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some Details regarding the Layout and Construction of the Romanian House and the Organization of its Activities during the New York World’s Fair (1939–1940). Documents from the National Archives and the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs: 1938–1939. The present text is part of a more complex research on Romania’s participation in the New York World’s Fair (1939–1940). The main objective of this research is to reconstruct the representation of Romania’s national identity at a certain point in time (1939), classifying it as one element in a series of this kind. We will also concentrate on how this representation was perceived by the public opinion of the 1930s. As such, it is not only research on cultural history and public diplomacy (external propaganda, as it was called at the time), but also on bilateral Romanian-American relations (economy, politics etc.). Last but not least, it also represents a study in imagology. This paper, the first of a series, aimed at reconstructing some of the events related to the preparations led by the officials in Bucharest charged with the country’s participation in the New York World’s Fair, for the construction of the pavilion known as the Romanian House, designed by the architect Octav Doicescu and erected for this occasion. I have brought forth information referring to the evolution of the works done at this pavilion and the difficulties encountered throughout the process, such as: changes made to the architectural design, the relation between the entrepreneurs and workers, the transportation of construction materials from overseas, the exhibitions, the negotiations for appointment of the restaurant’s manager etc. All this took place between May 1938 and April 1939. Our sources are to be found at the National Historical Archives (SaintGeorge’s fund and Ministry for Commerce and Industry fund) and at the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Washington fund). To those sources we have added published documents from different public libraries and on-line archives (http://www.cooperativag.ro/, http://octavdoicescu.blogspot.com/ etc.) and details brought forth by specialised literature from 1997–2018 (articles /studies on the subject by Daniel Bogdea, Nicolae Dascălu (Nicolae Ureche), Narcisa Mitu, Raluca Preotu, Zoltan Rostas, Ileana Stanca-Desa, ClaudiuAlexandru Vitanos, Laurențiu Vlad etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of the Romanian Orthodox Church during the communist regime is still far from being known and the historical circumstances are not yet fully understood. In addition to numerous historical sources that can shed light on this rather vast subject, an important resource proves to be the CIA archive. Recently declassified documents reflect a new set of information and describe circumstances that allow for a more nuanced interpretation of the position of Patriarch Justinian Marina in the 1940s and 1950s. This paper aims to explore the Information Reports and Staff notes prepared by the CIA analysts during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Technica Napocensis: Civil Engineering & Architecture is the property of Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Constructii and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper we aim to deliver a key message related to the safeguarding of the Romanian National Phonogram Archive (AFLR). The data gathered within the Archive (the richest, most inclusive and diversified collection of dialectal texts and ethno-linguistic recordings in Romania) are of immeasurable documentary value. Through the digitization and preservation of AFLR we can gain access to both individual and collective memories, aiding to a better understanding of our cultural heritage on the one hand, and, on the other hand, restoring missing or forgotten pieces of Europe's oral history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the Papers of the International Colloquium of Romance Civilizations, Literatures and Languages (Bucharest, 14--27 Sept. 1959)--held under the aegis of the Romanian National Commission for UNESCO and of the Academy of the Popular Republic of Romania--as well as on an unpublished document from the private archive of Alphonse Dupront, the present article describes the visit to communist Romania made by the Sorbonne historian, the former director of the French Institute in Bucharest (1932-1940/1941). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1949, the political context of the People's Republic of Romania and of the newly founded Israeli state formally provided a framework for the immigration of Romanian Jews to Israel, upon the opening of the Israeli Legation in Bucharest in 1948. Our paper proposes an analysis of the Aliyah in 1949 as portrayed in migration requests addressed by members of the Jewish community all over Romania to the Israeli Legation in Bucharest. The requests, never published before, have been hosted since 1997 by the Center for Research on Romanian Jewry within the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. First, we address the history of the fonds, the hypotheses of historians on the submission of the requests, the shape of the material and characteristics of the documents. Second, our in-depth textual analysis allows a refined understanding of writing patterns, engagements, and reasons for requesting migration. Overall, our study contributes to the understanding of archives as "vehicles of memory" (Confino 2011) and of individual and group responses to historical transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public use of objects belonging to private memory is what concerned me while writing this article. Under discussion will be the collection of letters received by Romanian couple Lovinescu-Ierunca during their more than sixty-year exile in France (1946-2008) from hundreds of fellow intellectuals confined to Romania by the communist regime. The documents belonged to the couple until their death. "Whose property are my letters?" is a question that may now--once the recipients are dead--be raised by any of their surviving correspondents. (The recipient becomes the rightful owner of all the letters he or she receives; but what if the recipient dies without any legal heirs? Who is entitled to the final and legal decision about the fate of those letters?) The politics of memory--issues most germane to public policy--will therefore be the main focus of the first part of my paper. Next, I shall address the special situation of the letters Monica Lovinescu received from her mother, Ecaterina Bălăcioiu-Lovinescu, a fonds which I managed as follows: recovery, selection, translation into Romanian (given the fact that most of them were written in French in order to evade political censorship), publication by Humanitas Publishing House, followed by the transfer of the physical collection to the Humanitas Aqua Forte Foundation. Editing that private correspondence was an occasion for me to fully experience what Arlette Farge (1989) has called "the allure of the archives." I shall present this experience in detail in the second part of my study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reconstructs the mechanisms through which the work of the French scholar of Romanian origin, Mattei Dogan was brought to light in Romania after 1990 thanks to the eff orts of the community of sociologists. Romanian sociologists used three methods to assimilate the author who is considered the founder of comparative political analysis and who left Romania immediately after graduating with a bachelor’s degree in sociology under Henri H. Stahl supervision: they translated Dogan’s articles and books, they made him a member of prestigious institutions and they included him in the post-communist eff ort to reclaim the legacy of the school founded by Dimitrie Gusti. To capture the institutional and editorial strategies that were used, I conducted interviews with several protagonists of the Romanian sociology renaissance movement. I also used epistolary resources, sociology and political science journals, press articles, as well as documents from the archives of the University of Bucharest and from the Mattei Dogan Foundation. The article shows the success of some methods and the failure of others. It also brings to light a text that was ignored in the studies and bibliographies that discuss the work of the scholar who was born in Roman in 1920 and who went by the name of Matei Pinsler until 1945 (Preda, 2020). This research paper is relevant for various reasons. Firstly, it complements not only the biography of Dogan, but also that of Henri H. Stahl. Furthermore, it highlights the trajectory of a discipline in a period of dissociation with the communist past while restoring the connections with the interwar period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Orthodox Church during communism era has two histories: one traced by those in power, and one that has been recently revealed through documents discovered and examined by historians. This paper analyzes the situation of the Romanian Orthodox Church immediately after the atheistic communist regime had been installed in Romania, using references taken both from official documents dating during the period of The Patriarch Justinian (The Social Apostolate), and from the archives of the Securitate (The Romanian Secret Services), documents issued by the Department for religions, by the party or taken from the confessional archives. It discusses a series of attitudes and facts that have been interpreted either as acts of abdication from the prophetical mission of the Church or as attempts to survive. The paper's objective is to show that the Patriarch Justinian used "a double discourse" to deal with the challenges of the world he was living in, but still, the Church had a missionary strategy that can generate, at least partially, a model of Christian confession in the context of a secularized society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I present here examples of the photographic presence of a religious minority community in the secret police archives in ex-communist Eastern Europe. The use of secret police archives by researchers to trace the history of repression and collaboration and to understand the methods employed by totalitarian regimes to control their populations is well established. The significance of these archives for the study of material religion, however, has been largely overlooked by scholars. The secret police archives in Romania and the Republic of Moldova constitute a hidden repository of confiscated religious materials and photographs which often sit alongside photographic images created by the secret police in the course of their investigations into "criminal" religious activities. These archives, therefore, represent an important resource for understanding both how religious groups chose to represent themselves, and how the totalitarian system created images of religious "others" in order to incriminate them and to produce anti-religious propaganda. In this paper, through the presentation of example cases from state security files, I discuss the dual character of the photographic traces of communities in the archives as both religious justification and incrimination, and suggest ways of approaching these images through their materiality in the context of contemporary post-communist society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a brief introduction on administrative and religious organization of Mount Athos and the foundation of the Romanian hermitages Prodroma and Lacu, the paper demonstrates, based on archive documents, the presence of the Romanian element here since the 9th century. The emphasis falls on the life of Romanian monks in Athos since the second half of the 19th century till present. Their difficult situation, always placed between the religious life initiated and supported by the Romanian Patriarchate and the Romanian government and the Greek position represented by the antiRomanian actions of Great Lavra that control and manage from 1924 to the present day the two Romanian hermitages is highlighted. Statements in this paper are based on documents that are in the funds of the National Archives and the Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores some notable uses of psychological language in the Securitate archives. We examine Securitate files concerning Constantin Vaman, a suspected legionary subjected to surveillance work by the Securitate. This article seeks to show how Securitate activities, particularly the writing of informer notes and operatives' reports, are the upshot of strategic use of morally implicative psychological language. Constantin Vaman's Securitate files are used to explore two categories of psychological language: the language of mental states and the language of disposition and motive. We show that Securitate's writing of informer notes and operatives' reports were dependent on the strategic use of morally implicative psychological descriptions. We argue that close attention to the many facets of psychological language used in Securitate documents discussed in this article may enable researchers to understand more fully the complex nature and inner workings of surveillance work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constitutions address the rights and liberties of the citizens in a state. The right to information, to education, access to culture, the freedom of speech and of the press - they all give substance to the regime of the access to documents/archives. This study aims to analyze through a comparative approach how this regime (based on both the political-social and the cultural-educational functions of the documents) had been determined by the Romanian constitutional provisions over the last hundred years. Providing a transversal perspective of the rights and liberties already mentioned across the six constitutions of Romania: "the most liberal constitution of the epoch" - 1923, the Carlist Constitution - 1938, the three communist constitutions: the first, transitional - 1948, the second, patterned after the Soviet constitution - 1952, the third, socialist - 1965, and, finally, the fundamental act in force - 1991 (amended in 2003) we were able to draw conclusions which emphasize the idea of a direct connection between the level of accessibility to documentary heritage and the political regime established by the constitution, which lays down the range of the rights and liberties. Focusing on the role of the documentary heritage in the process of the fulfillment of a person as an active citizen in society and also on the human level, the study contributes to a theoretical and methodological debate on how the regime of access to documents needs to be in a democratic state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the former Soviet bloc, numerous countries have made available the archives of their communist-era secret police, often in connection with the practice of "lustration" aimed at cleansing the body politic of former secret police collaborators. Because the "truth" value of what is in these archives is often problematic, they are best viewed as sources of data about the organization that created them. This article provides some ideas toward illustrating what an ethnographic approach to the archives might consist of. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article aims to describe the general frame and the situation of the capital's provisioning with agri-food products, during the months preceding the events in December 1989; the content was created after searching two archive sources: the National Council for Studying the Archives of the Securitate and the National Archives of Romania. The analysis and the comparison of data emphasize the failure of the concept of planned food provisioning of a city with over 2 million inhabitants. The general frame and the existing context focus on the payment of external doubts, the fake data in the reports of the authorities responsible for the agricultural production and the daily food amounts which were necessary for an efficient provisioning. This wasn't arranged according to the optimum needs of the population, but following a centralized plan in which food amounts for each person during a year were settled. Even in this way, there were big differences between what should have been and what existed in reality. There were big provisioning problems regarding all food items, especially meat and meat products, eggs, rice, cheese products, oil etc. In general, about 30-45% of the food products couldn't be provided from various reasons: Ceaușescu's desire to maintain the food export at a high level, the incapacity of zootechnical complexes to deliver the necessary amounts to the Capital, the lack of organisation and the incompetence at the level of distribution to the food units. The multitude of existing provisioning problems led to huge queues during the year 1989, the price gouging and the black market had reached the highest levels. All these were happening under the circumstances in which the Capital enjoyed a privileged statute, as compared to the rest of the country, being excepted from the existence of ration books along the eighties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the late 1950s to mid-1960s publications regarding the Upper Palaeolithic and Epipalaeolithic sites from the Middle and Lower Bistrița Valley (Northeastern Romania) several raw material categories were acknowledged: Audia black schist and silicified glauconitic sandstone from the Audia Beds (Lower Cretaceous) opened on Hangu Valley; menilite from the Lower Oligocene deposits found between Bicaz and Piatra Neamț (Bisericani area); good quality flint of various colours from the Middle Prut Valley (Prut flint). This raw materials classification endured the changes faced after 1990 by the Romanian Palaeolithic research and remained in use until today. The current contribution tackles the reassessment of this classification by re-examining the thin section collection intended to back the initial raw material categories from Ceahlău Basin. Also, the bulletins of petrographic analysis for the legacy thin section collection and the associated archive documents were reviewed. This reassessment confirmed most of the raw materials recognised in the initial classification, highlighting the existence of at least 14 raw material categories and the absence of the Oligocene menilite. Through the way it has been presented here, the reassessment was directly linked to the Romanian Palaeolithic research history and impacted a well-established archaeological classification of lithic raw materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the Archives of the Cluj Folklore Society, hosted by the Faculty of Letters of Babeş-Bolyai University between 1958 and 1993. The study focuses on the collections included in the archives and on their situation in the ideological, epistemological, and methodological context of ethnological studies in communist Romania and in the years immediately following the fall of Ceauşescu's regime. During the three and a half decades in question, the field of folklore and then that of ethnology were constructed, deconstructed, and reconstructed several times. The mutations experienced by the ACFS are essentially those of Romanian ethnological studies during the communist and post-communist periods, a period little investigated so far from the vantage point of the history of this discipline and which remains, therefore, a topic that requires further explorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a description of the beginnings of the sports medicine in Cluj, enhanced by Iuliu Haţieganu, the founder of the medical school in this city. In chronological order, this paper presents an update of the development of sport medicine in our university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recounts the remarkable number of libraries and archive collections established in Transylvanian. How the rationalisation of the Transylvanian archives was facilitated; Assessment of the state of Transylvanian libraries and archives.

This article explores the role of women and young girls in Old Calendarist communities in Romania and presents new sources relating to neglected history of the practice of incarceration in Orthodox monasteries in the region. The community developed into a spiritual mass movement that soon became the target of the secret police. Women played an important role within these communities in terms of membership but also in relation to the preservation of Old Calendarist ideas. Explored through the prism of the former secret police archival documents, these women were deemed dangerous and were accused of luring people into the Old Calendarist groups. In contrast to the extremely negative representation of these women that we find in contemporary Orthodox Church publications, police reports and popular press articles, the letters and postcards that they wrote from detention offer us an insight into the private life, personality and motivation of these women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-culturally, dead are protected from posthumous negative evaluations by the universal "nil nisi bonum" precept that governs the ethics within the community of mourners. In this study, we set out to test the observance of this injunction against posthumous gossiping in the Romanian public deathscape. Obituaries and other posthumous articles (N = 1,148) were collected that covered the deaths of 63 celebrities who passed away between 2013 and 2016. Materials were gathered from the digital archives of three Romanian news sources (a news agency, a "quality" newspaper, and a tabloid), published one week after the moment of death. The findings show that 22% of the articles do contain negative evaluations of the deceased. The percentage rises to 36.4% if we restrict the sample to only those celebrities with a controversial anthumous reputation (19 of 63). These results indicate that celebrities are not spared from critical assessments after they pass away. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the fall of the communist regime, many Romanian archives were destroyed, dismantled and sold on the black market, while others were neglected or abandoned. A particular case is the photographic archive of a furniture factory in Iași, a city in the northeast of Romania. In 2016, when some of the remaining buildings were rented, a series of objects, photographs and other materials were found on the premises, standing as visual evidence of the history of the Factory. In this context some questions arise, such as: What happens to an archive once a factory has been closed? How can the archive be restored and valued? What measures can be taken to ensure the future of such visual documents?. Based on my work with archives, I have undertaken the study of this material by managing the photographs to obtain an overall image of the archive and its visually recorded contents. The archiving process brought to light valuable information about the activity of a factory that during the communist period was at the forefront of the furniture production in Romania. In the following case study I will describe the context of the archive, the history of the Factory during and after the communist period, the steps involved in restoring the archive, and the results of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a number of Aurel Bauh prints and negatives from the collections of the Ethnological Archive of the Romanian Peasant Museum. The present study uncovers visual documentation relevant to the history of sociological research in Romania, while also proposing a new periodisation for some of the prints and negatives found in the Ethnological Archive collections. This research is at the core of a visual literacy and digital curation project developed by the Romanian Peasant Museum in 2018 entitled Reþelele Privirii. The project was imagined as a starting point for a program of digitization and publication that will make available to the wider public the entirety of the Ethnological Archive collections in the following years. In this context, the pilot project developed around Bauh's work is representative not only for the type of artefacts amassed by the museum, but also for the manner in which this cultural heritage was handled throughout this institution's history. Bauh's work bridges several research fields that are relevant for recent cultural history in Romania. It also points to a number of instances and contexts that can shed light on the local history of photography. Furthermore, Aurel Bauh's life and work make him an excellent case study for an artist tackling the ideological fluctuations that characterized the European cultural landscape in the first half of the twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an article about the making of an exhibition as a device. "Connections: Objects in relation and context" was intended to be more as a tool of research rather than a well established museum exhibition. By selecting hundred and seven objects from all the collections, archives and stores of the museum, irrespectively of their origin and status, this exhibition functioned as a fragment that reflects the National Museum of the Romanian Peasant as a whole, with its complicated institutional pasts, present tensions and curatorial crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Română de Conservare şi Restaurare a Cărţii is the property of Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)