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The article deals with the issue of human dignity with regard to its relationship to the idea of human rights. The study is based on Arendt's understanding of human dignity as a normative expression of the position of man as a member of the political order and analyzes the phenomenon of dignity and its transformation in the history of ideas, especially in connection with the concept of person. Special focus is on Kant's approach and on the challenges for the thus formulated concept of human dignity with regard to the de-transcendentalization of Kant's autonomy and freedom in Habermas's intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to investigate the issue of freedom as a political value, its relationship to the so-called reflexive freedom and its two historical forms: freedom as autonomy and freedom as authenticity. The introduction examines the problem of whether freedom belongs more to the domain of metaphysics or political philosophy, and discusses the ideas of existentialist understanding of freedom. The idea of negative liberty as the core of the liberal conception of justice is critically examined against the background of a summary of Honneth's ideas on reflexive, negative, and social freedom and its historical protagonists. The author emphasizes the weaknesses and the inability of the liberal concept of freedom and justice to solve mainly the problem of people with disabilities, global justice and issues related to species specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]