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This paper regulates a rational approach of robust design in material machining process on basis of the probability method for multi-objective optimization. As an expansion, it takes the arithmetic mean value of the performance index of the alternative and its deviation as twin independent responses to make contributions of two parts of the partial favorable probability individually; the arithmetic mean value of the performance index represents the performance index according to its function and preference in the assessment, and the deviation exhibits an index with the characteristic of the smaller the better in general. Furthermore, the product of the above twin parts of partial favorable probability forms the actual favorable probability of the performance index of each alternative in the treatment, which is the unique indicator of the performance index of the alternative in the robust optimum. Moreover, examples are given to illustrate the application of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]