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The article publishes a helmet from the collection of the Mardjani Foundation. This specimen belongs to the group of so-called “spangenhelme” helmets, which date from the 6th — 7th centuries. At the same time, the published specimen is unique and has some features that distinguish it from this group of helmets. It combines design elements from both Byzantine and Sassanian armament traditions. The helmet decoration contains symbols of the Christian tradition, which act as an apotropaion for the helmet’s owner. Although the place and circumstances of the discovery of the helmet are unknown, based on a mixture of elements of the Byzantine and Sassanian traditions of decorating helmets, it can be assumed that the helmet was made in the Caucasus, in the territory where the influence was equally strong from both Byzantium and Sassanid Persia.

This paper examines how the Romans in the early Republic adopted Celtic panoply, in the process abandoning Greek-style hoplite equipment. The first part details the Celtic aspects of the major pieces of Rome's new military equipment: La Tène sword, oval shield (scutum), javelin (pilum), mail armour and Montefortino helmet. The next section seeks possible military and cultural explanations for this transition, suggesting among other factors that the new kit may have been driven by increased recruitment from beyond the narrow hoplite class. The panoply eventually coalesced into a symbol of specifically Roman identity, especially as the Romans deployed distinctively equipped armies into Magna Graecia and the Hellenistic East. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Protecting a soldier’s head from injury is critical to function and survivability. Traditionally, combat helmets have been utilized to provide protection against shrapnel and ballistic threats, which have reduced head injuries and fatalities. However, home-made bombs or improvised explosive devices (IEDs) have been increasingly used in theatre of operations since the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. Traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly blast-induced TBI, which is typically not accompanied by external body injuries, is becoming prevalent among injured soldiers. The responses of personal protective equipment, especially combat helmets, to blast events are relatively unknown. There is an urgent need to develop head protection systems with blast protection/mitigation capabilities in addition to ballistic protection. Modern military operations, ammunitions, and technology driven war tactics require a lightweight headgear that integrates protection mechanisms (against ballistics, blasts, heat, and noise), sensors, night vision devices, and laser range finders into a single system. The current article provides a comparative study on the design, materials, and ballistic and blast performance of the combat helmets used by the US Army based on a comprehensive and critical review of existing studies. Mechanisms of ballistic energy absorption, effects of helmet curvatures on ballistic performance, and performance measures of helmets are discussed. Properties of current helmet materials (including Kevlar® K29, K129 fibers and thermoset resins) and future candidate materials for helmets (such as nano-composites and thermoplastic polymers) are elaborated. Also, available experimental and computational studies on blast-induced TBI are examined, and constitutive models developed for brain tissues are reviewed. Finally, the effectiveness of current combat helmets against TBI is analyzed along with possible avenues for future research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Amongst the armour in the collection of the British Museum is a kettle-hat (Object Number: P&E 1856,0701·2243) that was found in London during the second quarter of the nineteenth century. In January 2010, the kettle-hat was conserved before its loan to the Royal Armouries Museum for display at the Tower of London. New findings that occurred during conservation led to the most in-depth technical examination and analysis of this relatively unknown helmet since its discovery. This paper aims to interpret the British Museum's kettle-hat from art historical perspectives in order to place it in a wider context. The development of the kettle-hat during the 14th and 15th centuries is described along with the subsequent derivatives of transitional or progressive forms of helmet. Through stylistic comparison and consideration of related evidence it is suggested that the British Museum kettle-hat dates to the late 14th century and is of western European, possibly English, workmanship. Furthermore, although the British Museum helmet has much in common with typical forms of kettle-hat, it also has features, such as a short tail-piece, that suggest it may be closely related to some early forms of sallet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the treatise "Manner of Arming Knights for the Tourney," which was originally compiled by Franciscan theologian William Herbert. The author provides a line-by-line analysis of the treatise in order to decipher its relatively difficult armor- and weapons-related vocabulary. He also uses the treatise to show that armor used specifically for war and the two medieval types of tournaments, tourney and joust, was already developed in the early 14th century. Types of armor and arms discussed in the treatise include greaves, shirts of mail, and bascinets. Confusion with the vocabulary revolves around the presence of Latin, Middle English, and Anglo-Norman French terminology in the treatise.

The article focuses on research of armets and helmets from the royal armour workshop at the Palace at Greenwich, England during the 16th and 17th Centuries. It states that the workshop was established by King Henry VIII to provide the highest quality armor for the monarchy and court. It comments on the design of the armor and the evolution of style over time. It mentions an armet that is believed to have been created around 1535 and comments that Greenwich helmets from the 16th and early 17th century follow its archaic fashion. It talks about the portrait of Lord Mordaunt of Turvey which illustrates close helmet design from the reign of Henry VIII.

The small unpublished group of armour of the mid 17th century from Shaw House in Berkshire, scene of fighting in the 2nd battle of Newbury in 1644, is preserved in the West Berkshire Museum in Newbury. The group includes an exceedingly rare form of helmet of the period, one made in the form of a broad brimmed hat. The article discusses the small group of known examples, and illustrates the closest comparable iron hat from the Scott collection hi Glasgow Museums and Art Galleries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent acquisition by the Royal Armouries of an example of an early form of English harquebusier's pot of the 17th century led to a reappraisal of the small group to which the helmet belongs. It is decorated in relief with suns in splendour, a unique form of decoration for this group of helmets. However, there are a series of decorated helmets for pikemen of this period, and comparisons between these and the early harquebusier's pots leads to some interesting conclusions about the dating of the series. The article includes a note of each of the known early harquebusiers' pots, and oar the comparable pikemen's pots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a list of military supplies, including armor, helmets and swords, that were acquired by the Royal Armouries in England in 2003.

High strength and high modulus fibres have revolutionised the design of lightweight armour, main fibre reinforced ballistic products are: ballistic helmets, vests, blankets and add-on car armour. Modelling of the ballistic properties of multi-layer fibre reinforced armour is still in the development stage, structural models that can be used to describe the penetration of such armour by deformable projectiles, and to design new armour, are not yet available. A simple model has been developed that can be used to calculated the performance of Dyneema armour against deformable bullets and FSPs. Most important in this model is that the number of input values is very small. For calculating the performance of Dyneema UD-based armour only two materials related parameters are required. Four projectile related parameters are needed. For non-deformable projectiles the number reduces to a single material related and two projectile related parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to attribute a fifteenth-century German sallet (helmet) to an armorer active in Basel, thereby identifying a previously unknown maker in a city whose armor-manufacturing capacity has long been forgotten. The sallet, preserved in the Metropolitan Museum, was included in a recent exhibition of European helmets at the Museum. The figure of the sallet indicates a south German origin and a date in the 1470s or the mid-1480s. Stemming from the Blarer family coat of arms, the rooster mark securely identifies the younger Hans Blarer as the likely author of the Metropolitan's sallet.

The earliest traces of armor in China consist of bronze helmets, since body armor was made of non-durable leather. The earliest surviving body armor is of lacquered leather laminae from the Warring States period (fifth-third centuries BC). Over time, the size of the laminae grew smaller. Metal body armor appears in the Han Dynasty but lacquered leather probably remained in use for some time after that. Heavier armor and barded horses appear after the invention of the stirrup in the fourth century. Scale armor is associated with non-Chinese, and neither plate armor nor chain-mail was utilized in China. During the Tang Dynasty, a type of long rectangular lamellar armor appears to have been introduced from Iran, ending a long autochthonous tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influences of Chinese armor manifested themselves twice in the Japanese archipelago, firstly in the fourth century, when the small lamellar plate jackets and helmets of Chinese style were copied, and secondly in the early fifth century, when long lamellar suits of armor were introduced by the Koguryo. This article examines the data, focussing on Koguryo and assessing China's influence on that horse-riding tradition and its successive transmission of horse-rider armor to Yamato in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the historical background of several antique Turban helmets and daggers. Eight helmets, with estimated date ranging from 14th to 16th century, are cited. The helmets' decoration, inscriptions, age and provenance are examined. Some of the helmets cited date back to the reign of Sultans Orhan, Ya'qub and Farruhk-Siar. Several daggers that date back to the Ottoman and Persian empires are also cited. Emphasis is given to their religious inscriptions about the symbolic nature of water within Islamic context.