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This article focuses on the efforts of Marta Traba to consolidate international modernism in the visual arts of Latin America. The reputation she established in the field of art is described. She perceived art as an autonomous practice in which the artist is considered a genius. Traba formulated a theory of an art of resistance.

This article focuses on the essays presented in a forum addressing the problem of modernism of art in Latin America. José Gómez Sicre opposes the tendency for the U.S. government to see only the folkloric in Latin American art. Mário Pedrosa argues that modernism could provide a realm of freedom. Romero Brest perceives abstraction as the climax of modernism.