1. Genetic screens reveal a central role for heme metabolism in artemisinin susceptibility.
- Author
-
Harding CR, Sidik SM, Petrova B, Gnädig NF, Okombo J, Herneisen AL, Ward KE, Markus BM, Boydston EA, Fidock DA, and Lourido S
- Subjects
- Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, Gene Knockout Techniques, Humans, Malaria, Falciparum drug therapy, Membrane Transport Proteins metabolism, Mutation, Plasmodium falciparum drug effects, Plasmodium falciparum genetics, Protozoan Proteins genetics, Toxoplasma drug effects, Toxoplasma genetics, Antimalarials pharmacology, Artemisinins pharmacology, Drug Resistance genetics, Genetic Testing methods, Heme genetics, Heme metabolism
- Abstract
Artemisinins have revolutionized the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria; however, resistance threatens to undermine global control efforts. To broadly explore artemisinin susceptibility in apicomplexan parasites, we employ genome-scale CRISPR screens recently developed for Toxoplasma gondii to discover sensitizing and desensitizing mutations. Using a sublethal concentration of dihydroartemisinin (DHA), we uncover the putative transporter Tmem14c whose disruption increases DHA susceptibility. Screens performed under high doses of DHA provide evidence that mitochondrial metabolism can modulate resistance. We show that disrupting a top candidate from the screens, the mitochondrial protease DegP2, lowers porphyrin levels and decreases DHA susceptibility, without significantly altering parasite fitness in culture. Deleting the homologous gene in P. falciparum, PfDegP, similarly lowers heme levels and DHA susceptibility. These results expose the vulnerability of heme metabolism to genetic perturbations that can lead to increased survival in the presence of DHA.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF