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Background: Cardiovascular adaptions, such as cardiac and uterine spiral arterial remodeling, and aortic arterial stiffening during pregnancy have been extensively investigated, while the interactions between the elastic artery and the left ventricle are poorly understood. This study was to evaluate the cardiac-arterial coupling in both normal pregnancy and preeclampsia using ultrasound techniques. Methods: Twenty-three preeclamptic women with no antihypertensive treatment prior to admission, and 40 age- (27.2 ± 3.0 y vs. 29.1 ± 5.7 y, p = 0.0805) and gestational week- (35.6 ± 3.4 wk vs. 34.8 ± 3.6 wk, p = 0.3573) matched normotensive pregnant women were included. All women signed informed consent. All were nulliparas, had singleton pregnancies, and had no other risk factors for arterial stiffening. Carotid and cardiac ultrasound was performed using a MylabTwice ultrasound unit (Esaote, Italy). Cardiac and carotid remodeling and their associations were analyzed. Left ventriculo-carotid coupling was characterized by the ratio between the arterial elastance (Ea) and the left ventricular systolic elastance (Ees). Follow-up study was performed 16-20 months after parturition. Results: Left ventricular and carotid arterial remodeling was seen more frequently in preeclamptic women than in normal pregnant controls (96% vs. 40%, 82% vs. 48%, both p < 0.0001). The relative carotid arterial wall thickness showed no significant difference between the two groups. However, the carotid cross-sectional area, a surrogate for carotid arterial mass, was significantly greater in preeclampsia than that in normal controls (11.23 ± 0.17 mm2 vs. 8.58 ± 1.88 mm2, p < 0.00001). Carotid arterial stiffness and intima-media thickness correlated significantly with cardiac diastolic function parameters and blood pressures (p < 0.05). Both Ea and Ees were significantly greater in preeclampsia, compared with values in normal pregnant controls (Ea: 2.41 ± 0.57 mmHg/ml vs. 1.98 ± 0.46 mmHg/ml, p = 0.0005; Ees: 11.68 ± 9.51 m/s2 vs. 6.91 ± 6.13 m/s2, p = 0.002). However, there was no significant difference in the left ventriculo-carotid coupling index, Ea/Ees, between the two groups. Carotid remodeling persisted in both preeclamptic women and normal pregnant controls 16-20 months after parturition. Conclusions: Significant cardiac and carotid remodeling and similar left ventriculo-carotid coupling were observed in both preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. Carotid remodeling may persist postpartum. Further studies with larger populations are needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The adaption of elastic arteries to transient increase in hemodynamic load in normal pregnancy (NP) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the NP carotid remodeling and regional arterial stiffness before and after parturition. Methods: Fifty-one NP women and 30 age-matched non-pregnant women were included. All women underwent right common carotid artery (RCCA) measurements with MylabTwice ultrasound instrument (Esaote, Italy). Carotid intima-medial thickness (IMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV, m/s), distensibility coefficient (DC, 1/KPa), α, β, augmentation index (AIx, %) and carotid arterial pressure were obtained by the newly developed ultrasound vascular wall tracking methods: automatic QAS (Quality Arterial Stiffness) and QIMT (Quality Intima-Medial Thickness) Follow up study was performed. Results: Compared to the non-pregnant controls, the arterial pressures were significantly increased and RCCA diameter was significantly enlarged in late gestational NP women. Twenty months after parturition, carotid diameter, DC, AIx, PWV and arterial wall tension were significantly decreased and had no significant difference with those in non-pregnant controls. Conclusions: Carotid arterial remodeling and stiffening could be seen in the normal pregnant women, which seems to be a physiological adaption and could be recovered post partum. QIMT and QAS together could provide a comprehensive assessment of the maternal carotid arterial changes during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aims We aimed to investigate the functional alterations, diagnostic utilization, and prognostic implication of carotid arterial deformations in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors and heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Methods and results Among 251 prospectively participants (mean age 66.0 ± 9.8 years, 65.7% female) in a single centre between December 2011 and September 2014, carotid artery deformations including circumferential strain (CCS)/strain rate and radial strain were analysed by two‐dimensional speckle tracking. We further related these carotid artery deformation indices to HF biomarkers and cardiac structure and function by echocardiography and explored their prognostic values. Significant reductions of CCS, circumferential strain rate, and circumferential radial strain were observed across control (n = 52), high risk (n = 147), and HFpEF (n = 52) (trend P ≤ 0.001). Aging, hypertension, HFpEF, and higher pulse rate showed independent associations with reduced CCS by stepwise multivariate regressions (all P