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Background: As glenoid failure is one of the primary causes of failure of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), Trabecular Metal-backed glenoid components have become popular. This study reports implant survival and clinical outcomes of patients who received a Trabecular Metal-backed glenoid component during primary anatomic TSA., Methods: Patients who underwent TSA with a Trabecular Metal-backed glenoid component by a single surgeon were identified and reviewed for clinical, radiographic, and patient-reported outcome measures with a minimum of 2 years' follow-up., Results: Of 47 patients identified, radiographic and clinical follow-up was available on 36 patients (77%). Average age was 66.36 years (range, 50-85 years), and the average follow-up 41 months (range, 24-66 months). Three patients showed signs of osteolysis, 4 had radiographic evidence of metal debris, and 1 patient had a catastrophic failure after a fall. Of the 47 TSAs, 5 (11%) were revised to a reverse TSA for subscapularis failure and pain. Visual analog scale for pain scores improved by an average of 4.4. At final follow-up, the average Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score was 72.4; Penn satisfaction score, 7.5; Penn score, 70.35; and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, 69.23. Outcome scores were similar in the 7 patients with osteolysis or metal debris compared to those without., Conclusion: Trabecular Metal-backed glenoids had a 25% rate of radiographic metal debris and osteolysis at a minimum 2-year follow-up in this series with one catastrophic failure. This implant should be used with caution, and patients followed closely., (Copyright © 2017 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Treatment choices for total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) in the absence of full-thickness rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are not clearly defined in current literature. This study investigated the prevalence and effect of preoperative partial-thickness RCTs and muscular degenerative changes on postoperative outcomes after TSA., Methods: Medical records and magnetic resonance imaging studies were reviewed for patients who underwent TSA for primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis with minimum 2-year follow-up to determine preoperative tear classification, Goutallier grade, and supraspinatus tangent sign. Postoperative pain on the visual analog scale, range of motion, and patient outcomes scores were obtained to correlate preoperative RCT status, Goutallier grading, tangent sign, and postoperative outcomes. Patients with full-thickness RCT on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging were excluded., Results: Forty-five patients met all inclusion criteria (average age, 65 ± 10 years; average follow-up, 43 months). Of the patients undergoing TSA, 40% had a significant (>50% thickness) partial RCT. Grade 3 to 4 Goutallier changes were noted in 22% of all patients, and 13% demonstrated grade 3 to 4 changes in the context of no tear. Positive tangent sign was present in 7% of all patients. The preoperative Goutallier grade of the infraspinatus was significantly negatively correlated with postoperative forward elevation (P = .02) and external rotation (P = .05), but rotator cuff pathology, including tear status, Goutallier grade, and the presence of a tangent sign, did not correlate with postoperative functional outcome scores., Conclusions: Even in the absence of a full-thickness RCT, rotator cuff atrophy, fatty infiltration, and partial thickness tearing are common findings. Although postoperative range of motion is correlated to Goutallier changes of the infraspinatus, rotator cuff pathology is not correlated to outcomes after TSA; therefore, one may proceed with TSA without concern of their effect on postoperative outcomes., (Copyright © 2017 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Pain management strategies following shoulder arthroplasty vary significantly. Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) is an extended-release delivery of a phospholipid bilayer encapsulating bupivacaine that can result in drug delivery up to 72 hours. Prior studies in lower extremity surgery demonstrated efficacy of LB in comparison to a single-shot peripheral nerve block; however, no study has investigated LB in a total shoulder arthroplasty population. Therefore, this study compared LB vs. an indwelling interscalene nerve block (IINB)., Methods: This is a prospective, randomized study of 83 consecutive shoulder arthroplasty patients; 36 patients received LB and a "bridge" of 30 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine, and 47 patients received an IINB. Postoperative visual analog scale pain levels, opiate consumption measured with oral morphine equivalents, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications were recorded. Continuous variables were compared using an analysis of variance with significance set at P < .05., Results: Visual analog scale pain scores were statistically higher in the LB cohort immediately postoperatively in the postanesthesia care unit (7.25 vs. 1.91; P = .000) as well as for the remainder of postoperative day 0 (4.99 vs. 3.20; P = .005) but not for the remainder of admission. Opiate consumption was significantly higher among the LB cohort in the postanesthesia care unit (31.79 vs. 7.47; P = .000), on postoperative day 0 (32.64 vs. 15.04; P = .000), and for the total hospital admission (189.50 vs. 91.70, P = .000). Complication numbers and length of stay were not statistically different., Conclusion: Use of an IINB provides superior pain management in the immediate postoperative setting as demonstrated by decreased narcotic medication consumption and lower subjective pain scores., (Copyright © 2017 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Resilience, characterized by an ability to bounce back or recover from stress, is increasingly recognized as a psychometric property affecting many outcomes' domains including quality of life, suicide risk in active-duty military personnel, and recovery in cancer patients. This study examines the correlation between resilience, as measured by the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and traditional outcome scores including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and Penn scores in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA)., Methods: Seventy patients undergoing primary anatomic TSA were followed up for a minimum of 2 years (mean, 30 ± 3 months). Patients were stratified into groups a priori, based on deviation from the mean of the BRS score, into low-resilience (LR), normal-resilience (NR), and high-resilience (HR) patients, and outcome scores were calculated for each group., Results: Postoperative BRS scores significantly correlated with ASES, Penn, and SANE scores (r = 0.41-0.44, P < .004 for all scores). When we evaluated patients based on resilience group, the LR group had a Penn score that was 34 points lower than that in the HR group. Likewise, the LR group had a SANE score that averaged 40 points lower than that in the HR group (SANE score of 53 points in LR group and 92 points in HR group, P = .05). When we evaluated ASES subscores, it appeared that the pain subscale was responsible for most of the difference between the LR and HR groups (29 points and 48 points [out of 50 points], respectively; P = .03)., Conclusions: Resilience is a major predictor of postoperative outcomes after TSA. Patients who are classified as having LR have outcome scores that are 30 to 40 points lower on traditional outcome scales than patients with HR., (Copyright © 2017 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)